Could the umbel order selection and GA3 treatment improve seed germination in Amazon chicory species?

Moraes, Larissa da Fonseca; Andrade, Francisco Laurimar do Nascimento; Gomes, Rafaelle Fazzi; Santos, Lucas da Silva

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20200404

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Article • Bragantia 80 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200404 copy

Could the umbel order selection and GA3 treatment improve seed germination in Amazon chicory species?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to estimate the production of seeds per umbel and to assess both the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and umbel order on seed germination in Amazon chicory species. The experiment was conducted in two steps. Firstly, traits related to seed production were evaluated. Afterward, a germination test was carried out, and the following parameters were assessed: germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT), germination percentage (%G), percentage of abnormal seedlings (%AS), and percentage of non-germinated seeds (%NGS). Remarkably, there was strong interaction between the analysed factors. The highest production of seeds per plant was observed in the treatment containing the blend of seeds from different umbels (1.41 g·plant^-1), in which the number of umbels by order and the total number of seeds per plant were the major traits related to the improved yield. The application of GA₃ at 200 mg·dm^-3 increased %G in second-order seeds. Regardless of GA₃ application, seeds from secondary umbels showed shorter AGT by up to two days, while no difference in GSI was observed. Collectively, these results offer novel and timely information on the seed germination behavior in Amazon chicory, revealing practical advice of utmost importance for local producers.

Key words
Eryngium foetidum ; gibberellin; growth regulators; seed production

Umbels orders	NUO	NSU	M100	TNSP	SPP (g·plant^-1)
1^st order	1 d	76 a	0.005 b	307.0 c	0.097 c
2^nd order	2 c	73 a	0.007ab	485.0 c	0.205 c
3^rd order	4 b	78 a	0.004 b	1,076.0 b	0.510 b
Blend	21 a	-	0.011 a	8,538.0 a	1.411 a
F test	67.65^* * Means followed by the same letter within columns, do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05;	1.18^ns ns non-significant; CV: coefficient of variation.	7.62^* * Means followed by the same letter within columns, do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05;	150.21^* * Means followed by the same letter within columns, do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05;	59.57^* * Means followed by the same letter within columns, do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05;
CV (%)	28.23	8.33	1.47	4.08	18.25

Parameters	Coefficient of correlation
Parameters	NUO	TNSP	PROD
TNSP	0.99^ significance 1%;	-	-
PROD	0.98^* * significance 5%;	0.98^* * significance 5%;	-
M100	0.86^ns ns non-significant.	0.89^ns ns non-significant.	0.83^ns ns non-significant.

Variable source	F values
Variable source	GSI	AGT	%G	%AS	%NGS
Inflorescence order (O)	11.77^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	4.92^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	5.48^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	11.45^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	12.89^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;
GA₃ doses (D)	15.53^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	1.16^ns ns non-significant.	11.23^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	8.89^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	15.94^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;
Interaction O × D	6.17^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	1.18^ns ns non-significant.	8.14^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	5.38^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;	6.78^* * Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05; CV: coefficient of variation; DMS: difference minimum significant;
CV (%)	11.99	18.24	34.64	18.15	18.65
Inflorescence order		AGT
1^st order		9.82 ab
2^nd order		8.98 b
3^rd order		10.14 ab
Blend		11.52 a
DMS		1.80

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[1] *Corresponding author: franlaurimar@gmail.com