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Wheat breeding II: genetic studies of different sources of dwarfism in wheat

Standard height cultivar IAC-5 was crossed with the semidwarf cultivar Siete Cerros and the dwarf cultivars Tordo, Vicam-71 and Olesen. Parents, F1's, F2's and reciprocal backcrosses were tested for grain yield and height in an experiment carried out at Itararé Experimental Station. All data were determined on an individual plant basis. It was observed partial dominance for tall plants when Siete Cerros, Vicam-71 and Olesen were crossed with IAC-5 and partial dominance for short plants when Tordo was crossed with IAC-5. Broad sense herltability for plant height and grain yield showed high and low values, respectively. Narrow sense heritability and coefficient of determination for plant height were high. Narrow sense heritability for grain yield was low. Results suggest it would be possible to select plant types with semi-dwarf and dwarf height levels in the F2 or Fa populations and for yield in later generations where progeny tests would be possible. Height and yield correlations were also computed for all crosses. In general the magnitude of the environmental, phenotypic and genetic correlations were high and consistent for all crosses. Segregating populations from crosses between the tall cultivar IAC-5 and different sources of dwarfism indicated that the short stature sources could be used efficiently in a breeding program toward the development of semi-dwarf or dwarf wheat cultivars with high yield potential. However, large F2 populations would be required to ensure the frequency of desired recombinants. Tordo would be the best source due to the heigher frequency of short statured individuals.


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