Methodological quality of network meta-analysis in dentistry: a meta-research

MONTAGNER, Anelise Fernandes; ANGST, Patricia Daniela Melchiors; RAGGIO, Daniela Prócida; VAN DE SANDE, Françoise Helène; TEDESCO, Tamara Kerber

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0062

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Brasil

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Sumário

Systematic Review, Dentistry • Braz. oral. res. 37 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0062 copy

Methodological quality of network meta-analysis in dentistry: a meta-research

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This meta-research aimed to provide an overview of the methodological quality and risk of bias of network meta-analyses (NMA) in dentistry. Searches for NMA of randomized clinical trials with clinical outcomes in dentistry were performed in databases up to January 2022. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts, selected full texts, and extracted the data. The adherence to PRISMA-NMA reporting guideline, the AMSTAR-2 methodological quality tool, and the ROBIS risk of bias tool were assessed in the studies. Correlation between the PRISMA-NMA adherence and the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS results was also investigated. Sixty-two NMA studies were included and presented varied methodological quality. According to AMSTAR-2, half of the NMA presented moderate quality (n = 32; 51.6%). The adherence to PRISMA-NMA also varied. Only 36 studies (58.1%) prospectively registered the protocol. Other issues lacking of reporting were data related were data related to the NMA geometry and the assessment of results consistency, and the evaluation of risk of bias across the studies. ROBIS assessment showed a high risk of bias mainly for domains 1 (study eligibility criteria) and 2 (identification and selection of studies). Correlation coefficients between the PRISMA-NMA adherence and the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS results showed moderate correlation (rho < 0.6). Overall, NMA studies in dentistry were of moderate quality and at high risk of bias in several domains, especially study selection. Future reviews should be better planned and conducted and have higher compliance with reporting and quality assessment tools.

Network Meta-Analysis; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Translational Science, Biomedica

Search terms	Search strategies	Number of citations
PubMed/MEDLINE	((Teeth OR Tooth OR Dental) OR Dentistry OR Root OR Periodont*) AND (“Network meta-analysis” OR “Network Meta-Analyses” OR “Multiple Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis” OR “Multiple Treatment Comparison Meta Analysis” OR “Mixed Treatment Meta-Analysis” OR “Meta-Analyses, Mixed Treatment” OR “Meta-Analysis, Mixed Treatment” OR “Mixed Treatment Meta Analysis” OR “Mixed Treatment Meta-Analyses” OR “Bayesian meta-analysis” OR “Bayesian meta-analyses”)	464
EMBASE	(‘teeth’/exp OR teeth OR ‘tooth’/exp OR tooth OR ‘dental’/exp OR dental OR ‘dentistry’/exp OR dentistry OR ‘root’/exp OR root OR periodont*) AND (‘network meta-analysis’/exp OR ‘network meta-analysis’ OR ‘network meta-analyses’/exp OR ‘network meta-analyses’ OR ‘multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis’ OR ‘multiple treatment comparison meta analysis’ OR ‘mixed treatment meta-analysis’ OR ‘meta-analyses, mixed treatment’ OR ‘meta-analysis, mixed treatment’ OR ‘mixed treatment meta analysis’ OR ‘mixed treatment meta-analyses’ OR ‘bayesian meta-analysis’ OR ‘bayesian meta-analyses’)	257
Science Direct	(teeth OR tooth OR dental OR dentistry) AND (“Network meta-analysis” OR “Multiple Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis” OR “Mixed Treatment Meta-Analysis” OR “Bayesian meta-analysis”)	373
Scopus	(teeth OR tooth OR dental OR dentistry) AND (“Network meta-analysis” OR “Multiple Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis” OR “Mixed Treatment Meta-Analysis” OR “Bayesian meta-analysis”)	112
Web of Science	((teeth OR tooth OR dental) OR (dentistry) OR (root) OR (periodont)) AND (“Network meta-analysis” OR “Multiple Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis” OR “Mixed Treatment Meta-Analysis” OR “Bayesian meta-analysis”)	96

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73	(Wu et al., 2020)	Wu Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Liu Y, Jin H, Chen Q, et al. A Bayesian network meta-analysis of orthopaedic treatment in Class III malocclusion: Maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage or a rapid maxillary expander. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020;23:1–15. doi:10.1111/ocr.12339.	Not exclusively RCT studies included (randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized clinical trials)
74	(Yang et al., 2020)	Yang F, Gao Y, Zhang L, Zheng B, Wang L, Sun H, et al. Local anaesthesia for surgical extraction of mandibular third molars: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24:3781–800. doi:doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03490-3	Subjective or non-clinical outcomes (oral pain)
75	(Yousefi et al., 2019)	Yousefi F, Rafiei E, Mahdian M, Mollabashi V, Saboonchi SS, Hosseini SM. Comparison Efficiency of Posteroanterior Cephalometry and Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Detecting Craniofacial Asymmetry: A Systematic Review. Contemp Clin Dent 2019;10:358–71. doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_397_18	Not exclusively RCT studies included (studies on dry skulls and patients)
76	(Zanjir et al., 2019)	Zanjir M, Lighvan NL, Yarascavitch C, Beyene J, Shah PS, Azarpazhooh A. Efficacy and Safety of Pulpal Anesthesia Strategies during Endodontic Treatment of Permanent Mandibular Molars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Endod 2019;45:1435-1464.e10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2019.09.002	Subjective or non-clinical outcomes (oral pain)
77	(Zanjir et al., 2020)	Zanjir M, Sgro A, Lighvan NL, Yarascavitch C, Shah PS, da Costa BR, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Postoperative Medications in Reducing Pain after Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Endod 2020;46:1387-1402.e4.	Subjective or non-clinical outcomes (oral pain)
78	(Zeng et al., 2019)	Zeng BS, Lin SY, Tu YK, Wu YC, Stubbs B, Liang CS, et al. Prevention of Postdental Procedure Bacteremia: A Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2019;98:1204–10. doi:10.1177/0022034519870466.	Subjective or non-clinical outcomes (positive blood culture)
79	(Zhang et al., 2020)	Zhang J, Sardana D, Li KY, Leung KCM, Lo ECM. Topical Fluoride to Prevent Root Caries: Systematic Review with Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2020;99:506–13. doi:10.1177/0022034520906384.	Not exclusively RCT studies included (controlled clinical trials)

Author’s name/ Year of publication/ Country	Journal/2020Impact factor/Citations/Dental area	Databases / Language restrictions applied / Date of searching	Number of reviewers of study eligibility/data extraction/Calibration	Number of studies included in SR / NMA	Reporting guideline / Registration of the study protocol	Risk of bias tool	Certainty of evidence - GRADE	Declaration of conflicts of interest / Funding report
Al-Moraissi et al./ 2019/ Yemen ¹⁷17. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016 Dec;5(1):210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-...	Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/ IF: 1.895/ Citations: 8/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and SCOPUS/ No restrictions/ March, 2018	NR/ 2/NR	20/ 20	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42017079866	RoB	Moderate	NR/ NR
Aldhohrah et al./2021/ China ¹⁸18. Al-Moraissi EA, Altairi NH, Abotaleb B, Al-Iryani G, Halboub E, Alakhali MS. What is the most effective rehabilitation method for posterior maxillas with 4 to 8 mm of residual alveolar bone height below the maxillary sinus with implant-supported prostheses? A frequentist network meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Jan;77(1):70.e1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.0...	Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry/ IF: 3.426/ Citations: 0/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and hand search/ Only English/ April, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	16/ 16	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	NR / NR
Askar et al./2021/ Germany ¹⁹19. Aldhohrah T, Mashrah MA, Wang Y. Effect of 2-implant mandibular overdenture with different attachments and loading protocols on peri-implant health and prosthetic complications: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2022 Jun;127(6):832-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.12.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020....	Journal of Dentistry/ IF: 4.379/ Citations: 3/ Dental Materials	PUBMED and hand search/ No restrictions/ March, 2019	2/ 1/ NR	50/ 50 (19 - adhesive strategies, 31 - restorative materials)	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None / None
Barbato et al./ 2016/ Italy ²⁰20. Askar H, Krois J, Göstemeyer G, Schwendicke F. Secondary caries risk of different adhesive strategies and restorative materials in permanent teeth: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent. 2021 Jan;104:103541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103541 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103...	Journal of Periodontology/ IF: 6.993/ Citations: 27/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ No restrictions/ December, 2014	2/ 2/ NR	16/ 10	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42012003059	RoB	Very low to moderate	None/ None
Barbato et al./2020/ Italy ²¹21. Barbato L, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Baccini M, La Marca M, Duvina M, et al. Effect of surgical intervention for removal of mandibular third molar on periodontal healing of adjacent mandibular second molar: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2016 Mar;87(3):291-302. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150363 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150363...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 8/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ Only English/ March, 2019	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (94.42%; k= 0.531).	9/ 9	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ NR
Barootchi et al./ 2020/ USA ²²22. Barbato L, Selvaggi F, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Bendinelli E, Marca M, et al. Clinical efficacy of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) and non-surgical (MINST) treatments of periodontal intra-bony defect.: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCT’s. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Mar;24(3):1125-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03229-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03229...	Journal of Periodontology/ IF: 6.993/ Citations: 32/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, grey literature, and hand search/ No restrictions/ August, 2019	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.923; full-text: k=0.987)	105/ 105	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42019147343	RoB	NR	None/ Partially supported by the University of Michigan Periodontal Graduate Student Research Fund
Buti et al./2013/ Italy ²³23. Barootchi S, Tavelli L, Zucchelli G, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Gingival phenotype modification therapies on natural teeth: a network meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2020 Nov;91(11):1386-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0715 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0715...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 72/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ No restrictions/ June, 2012	2/ 2/ NR	26/ 29	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ None
Cairo et al./2016/ Italy ²⁴24. Buti J, Baccini M, Nieri M, La Marca M, Pini-Prato GP. Bayesian network meta-analysis of root coverage procedures: ranking efficacy and identification of best treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Apr;40(4):372-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12028 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12028...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 48/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ Only English/ January, 2016	3/ 3/ NR	16/ 16	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ None
Cairo et al./2020/ Italy ²⁵25. Cairo F, Pagliaro U, Buti J, Baccini M, Graziani F, Tonelli P, et al. Root coverage procedures improve patient aesthetics. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Nov;43(11):965-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12603 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12603...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 19/ Periodontology	PUBMED, COCHRANE, EMBASE, hand search, and grey literature/ No restrictions/ January, 2020	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.91; full-text: k=0.96).	26 /26	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020142623	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ Partially supported by the University of Michigan Periodontal Graduate Student Research Fund
Camps-Font et al./ 2021/ Spain ²⁶26. Cairo F, Barootchi S, Tavelli L, Barbato L, Wang HL, Rasperini G, et al. Aesthetic-And patient-related outcomes following root coverage procedures: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Nov;47(11):1403-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13346 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13346...	The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry/ IF: 3.426/ Citations: 0/ Implantodontology	MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and hand search and grey literature/ Date restrictions/ May, 2020	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.88)	18/ 18	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42018099154	RoB	NR	NR/ None
Canellas et al./ 2020/ Brazil ²⁷27. Camps-Font O, Rubianes-Porta L, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Jung RE, Gay-Escoda C, Figueiredo R. Comparison of external, internal flat-to-flat, and conical implant abutment connections for implant-supported prostheses: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Prosthet Dent. 2021 Nov;:S0022-3913(21)00529-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021....	Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery/ IF: 2.078/ Citations: 7/ Oral Surgery	PUBMED, COCHRANE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, and hand search and grey literature/ No restrictions/ September, 2019	2 /NR/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.8)	37/ 37	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020149258	RoB	NR	None/ None
Canullo et al./ 2022/ Italy ²⁸28. Canellas JV, Fraga SR, Santoro MF, Netto JN, Tinoco EM. Intrasocket interventions to prevent alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020 Sep;48(9):902-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2020.06.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2020.06.0...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 0/ Periodontology	PUBMED (Medline), SCOPUS, EMBASE, COCHRANE, hand search and grey literature/ Only English/ April, 2021	2/ NR/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.81)	22/ 11	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020218153	RoB	Low to moderate	None/ None
Cao et al./2019/ China ²⁹29. Canullo L, Pesce P, Antonacci D, Ravidà A, Galli M, Khijmatgar S, et al. Soft tissue dimensional changes after alveolar ridge preservation using different sealing materials: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Jan;26(1):13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04192-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04192...	BMC Oral Health/ IF: 2.757/ Citations: 3/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, Web of Science, and hand search/ NR/ June, 2018	2/ 2/ NR	14 /14	NR/ PROSPERO CRD42018100753	RoB	NR	None/ None
Dreweck et al./ 2021/ Brazil ³⁰30. Cao R, Li Q, Chen Y, Yao M, Wu Q, Zhou H. Efficacy of locally-delivered statins adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis: a Bayesian network analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jun;19(1):105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0789-2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0789-...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 1/ Dental Materials	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Brazilian Library in Dentistry (BBO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database (LILACS), SCOPUS, Web of Science, hand search and grey literature/ No restrictions/ November, 2019	2/ 3/ NR	66 / 57	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42018112672	RoB	Low	None/ This study was partially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under grants 303332/2017-4 and 308286/2019-7 and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001
Escribano et al./ 2016/ Spain ³¹31. Dreweck FD, Burey A, de Oliveira Dreweck M, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Adhesive strategies in cervical lesions: systematic review and a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 May;25(5):2495-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03844-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03844...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 34/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, and hand search/ NR/ April, 2016	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (100%, k=1.00; 95%, k=0.86; 80%, k=0.59; 90%, k=0.67).	83/ 63	PRISMA-NMA/ Previously published in an SR-MA	RoB	NR	None/ Self-funded by the Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Faggion et al./ 2014/ Germany ³²32. Escribano M, Figuero E, Martín C, Tobías A, Serrano J, Roldán S, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta-analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Dec;43(12):1059-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12616 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12616...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 46/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, DARE, Web of Knowledge, and hand search and grey literature/ No restrictions/ January, 2014	2/ 2/ NR	11/ 11	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	Very low	None/ YKT is supported by a grant from the National Science Council in Taiwan. All other authors were funded by their institutions.
Falci et al/2021/ Brazil ³³33. Faggion CM Jr, Listl S, Frühauf N, Chang HJ, Tu YK. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on non-surgical treatments for peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Oct;41(10):1015-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12292 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12292...	International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery/ IF: 2.789/ Citations: 1/ Oral Surgery	PUBMED, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and grey literature/ No restrictions/ May, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	15 / 15	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020160829	RoB 2.0	Moderate	None/ This study was financed in part by the CAPES - Brazil (finance code 001), the Research Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development.
Figuero et al./ 2019/ Spain ³⁴34. Falci SG, Souza GM, Fernandes IA, Galvão EL, Al-Moraissi EA. Complications after different methods for fixation of mandibular angle fractures: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2021 Nov;50(11):1450-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.0...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 22/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, and hand search/ NR/ January, 2019	2/2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (100%, k=1.00; 95%, k=0.86; 80%, k=0.59; 90%, k=0.67).	53/ 21 (mounthrinses) and 34 (dentifrices)	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	Declared / Self-funded by the Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Graziani et al./ 2014/ Italy ³⁵35. Figuero E, Herrera D, Tobías A, Serrano J, Roldán S, Escribano M, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: A systematic review and network meta-analyses. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Jul;46(7):723-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13127 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13127...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 83/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and hand search/ No restrictions/ July, 2013	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (from first to fourth exercise: k=0.85, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.95)	9/ 4	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ Self-supported partly by the Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery of the University of Pisa and partly by the Italian Ministry of Health and the Tuscan Region.
Hu et al./2021/ China ³⁶36. Graziani F, Gennai S, Roldán S, Discepoli N, Buti J, Madianos P, et al. Efficacy of periodontal plastic procedures in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Apr;41 Suppl 15:S63-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12172 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12172...	Lasers in Medical Science/ IF: 3.161/ Citations: 1/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CNKI, and China Biology Medicine database, hand search, and grey literature/ Only English and Chinese/ December, 2019	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (title/ abstract k=0.94; full-text k=0.96)	11/ 11	PRISMA-IPD/ PROSPERO CRD42019145195	RoB	Low	None/ Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Hu et al./2020/ China ³⁷37. Hu ML, Zheng G, Lin H, Li N, Zhao PF, Han JM. Network meta-analysis of the treatment efficacy of different lasers for peri-implantitis. Lasers Med Sci. 2021 Apr;36(3):619-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03101-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03101...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 5/ Orthodontics	PUBMED, COCHRANE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information database, Wanfang database, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and hand search/ Only English and Chinese/ March, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	36/ 16	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42019116852	RoB	NR	None/ Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Applied and Fundamental Research Program funded by the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province.
Iocca et al./2017/ Italy ³⁸38. Hu H, Feng C, Jiang Z, Wang L, Shrestha S, Yan J, et al. Effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Dec;24(12):4153-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03610-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03610...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 50/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, and EMBASE/ Only English/ January, 2016	2/ NR/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/ abstracts k=0.863)	6/ 6	NR/ PROSPERO CRD42016033094	RoB	NR	None/ Self-funded by the Authors and their institutions.
Jepsen et al./2020/ Germany ³⁹39. Iocca O, Farcomeni A, Pardiñas Lopez S, Talib HS. Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction: a Bayesian Network meta-analysis of grafting materials efficacy on prevention of bone height and width reduction. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Jan;44(1):104-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12633 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12633...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 16/ Periodontology	PUBMED, COCHRANE Oral Health Group specialist trials, EMBASE, hand search, and grey literature/ Only English/ December, 2018	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k > 0.8)	19 /19	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42019124466	RoB	NR	None/ NR
Jia et al./2020/ China ⁴⁰40. Jepsen S, Gennai S, Hirschfeld J, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Graziani F. Regenerative surgical treatment of furcation defects: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jul;47(S22 Suppl 22):352-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13238 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13238...	Lasers in Medical Science/ IF: 3.161/ Citations: 12/ Periodontology	PUBMED, COCHRANE, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wan Fang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database/ Only English and Chinese/ September, 2018	2/ 2/ NR	25/ 25	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ Supported by the Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University.
Jia et al./2022/ China ⁴¹41. Jia L, Jia J, Xie M, Zhang X, Li T, Shi L, et al. Clinical attachment level gain of lasers in scaling and root planing of chronic periodontitis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Mar;35(2):473-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02875-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02875...	Lasers in Medical Science/ IF: 3.161/ Citations: 0/ Periodontology	PUBMED, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang databases, and hand search/ Only English and Chinese/ January 2020	2 / researchers/ NR	37 / 37	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ NR
John et al./2017/ USA ⁴²42. Jia L, Jia J, Wu M, Li T, Zhao C, Shi H, et al. Probing depth reduction of laser application in periodontal therapy: a network meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Mar;37(2):1217-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03376-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03376...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 26/ Periodontology	PUBMED and EMBASE/ Only English/ July, 2014	4/ 8/ NR	74/ 74	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	Moderate	None. Dr. Michalowicz has received research support from Ora-Pharma and Atrix Laboratories in the past./ Drs. Chu, John & Kotsakis were supported by R03 DE024750.
Kotsakis et al./2018/ USA ⁴³43. John MT, Michalowicz BS, Kotsakis GA, Chu H. Network meta-analysis of studies included in the Clinical Practice Guideline on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Jun;44(6):603-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12726 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12726...	Journal of Periodontology/ IF: 6.993/ Citations: 25/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, and hand search/ Only English/ April, 2015	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts k=0.85; full-text k=0.80)	22/ 22	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	NR	Declared/ Drs. Chu, John & Kotsakis were supported by NIDCR.
Krois et al./2018/ Germany ⁴⁴44. Kotsakis GA, Lian Q, Ioannou AL, Michalowicz BS, John MT, Chu H. A network meta-analysis of interproximal oral hygiene methods in the reduction of clinical indices of inflammation. J Periodontol. 2018 May;89(5):558-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0368 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0368...	Journal of Dentistry/ IF: 4.379/ Citations: 11/ Dental Materials	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ No restrictions/ NR	2/ 2/ NR	15/ 13	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42018080895	RoB	Moderate to high	Declared/ Supported by the authors and their institution.
Lin et al./2014/ Taiwan ⁴⁵45. Krois J, Göstemeyer G, Reda S, Schwendicke F. Sealing or infiltrating proximal carious lesions. J Dent. 2018 Jul;74:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04....	Journal of Dentistry/ IF: 4.379/ Citations: 55/ Paediatric Dentistry	PUBMED, COCHRANE, Science-Direct, Web of Science, ClinicalKey, and hand search/ No restrictions/ December, 2012	3/ 3/ NR	37/ 22	NR/ NR	Quality assessment: randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, intention to treat, and sample size calculation.	NR	None/ Partly supported by a grant from the National Science Council in Taiwan.
Loo et al./2021/ Malaysia ⁴⁶46. Lin PY, Chen HS, Wang YH, Tu YK. Primary molar pulpotomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent. 2014 Sep;42(9):1060-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02....	Oral Diseases/ IF: 3.511/ Citations: 1/ Oral Pathology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ No restrictions/ December, 2018	2/ 2/ NR	20/ 20	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42018112449	RoB	Low	None/ None
MacDonald et al./2021/ Canada ⁴⁷47. Shen Loo Y, Yee Wong T, Veettil SK, Se Wong P, Gopinath D, Mooi Ching S, et al. Antifungal agents in preventing oral candidiasis in clinical oncology: A network meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2021 Oct;27(7):1631-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13588 https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13588...	Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research/ IF: 1.455/ Citations: 1/ Orthodontics	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov trials registries, hand search, and grey literature/ Only English/ April, 2020	2/ 2#/ NR	19/ 19	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	Low	None/ NR
Manchanda et al./2022/ Hong Kong ⁴⁸48. MacDonald L, Zanjir M, Laghapour Lighvan N, Costa BR, Suri S, Azarpazhooh A. Efficacy and safety of different interventions to accelerate maxillary canine retraction following premolar extraction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021 Feb;24(1):17-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12409 https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12409...	Journal of Dentistry/ IF: 4.379/ Citations: 2/ Cariology	PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, hand search and grey literature/ No restrictions/ July, 2020	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.807)	24/ 10	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020186163	RoB 2.0	Very low to moderate	None/ This review was funded by the Research Grants Council, Hong Kong (General Research Fund: 17106318).
Maran et al./2019/ Brazil ⁴⁹49. Manchanda S, Sardana D, Liu P, Lee GH, Li KY, Lo EC, et al. Topical fluoride to prevent early childhood caries: systematic review with network meta-analysis. J Dent. 2022 Jan;116:103885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103885 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 12/ Dental Materials	PUBMED, COCHRANE, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Current Controlled Trials, hand search, and grey literature/ No restriction/ March, 2018	3/ 3/ NR	28/ 18	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42017078743	RoB	NR	None/ Partially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development from the Brazilian Government and CAPES from the Brazilian Ministry of Education.
Moraschini et al./ 2020/ Brazil ⁵⁰50. Maran BM, Ziegelmann PK, Burey A, de Paris Matos T, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Different light-activation systems associated with dental bleaching: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Apr;23(4):1499-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02835-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02835...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 1/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, LILACS, hand search, and grey literature/ No restriction/ April, 2020	2/ 2#/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.97; full-text: k=0.85)	27/ 27	PRISMA-NMA/ INPLASY 202060075	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ None
Moraschini et al./ 2022/ Brazil ⁵¹51. Moraschini V, Calasans-Maia MD, Dias AT, Formiga MC, Sartoretto SC, Sculean A, et al. Effectiveness of connective tissue graft substitutes for the treatment of gingival recessions compared with coronally advanced flap: a network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Oct;24(10):3395-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03547-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03547...	International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery/ IF: 2.789/ Citations: 0/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, LILACS, hand search and grey literature/ No restrictions/ November, 2020	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.97; full-text: k=0.85)	11/ 11	PRISMA-NMA/ INPLASY 2020100056	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ None
Muniz et al./2022/ Brazil ⁵²52. Moraschini V, Kischinhevsky IC, Sartoretto SC, Shibli JA, Dias AT, Sacco R, et al. Is there any biomaterial substitute for peri-implant soft tissue phenotype modification? A network meta-analysis of the appraisal literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2022 Apr;51(4):526-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.0...	Clinical Oral Investigations/ IF: 3.573/ Citations: 0/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and hand search/ No restrictions/ February, 2021	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.92; full-text: k=1.00)	12 / 9 (gingival index) and 8 (plaque index)	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42021239762	RoB 2.0	Low or very low	None/ None
Natto et al./2017/ Saudi Arabia-USA ⁵³53. Muniz FW, Zanatta FB, Muñoz MD, Aguiar LM, Silva FH, Montagner AF. Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of medicated and non-medicated sugar-free chewing gum as adjuncts to toothbrushing: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Feb;26(2):1155-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04264-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04264...	The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry/ IF: 1.513/ Citations: 14/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Conference Proceedings, Science Direct, and hand search/ Only English/ September, 2016	2/ NR/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.87)	8/ 8	PRISMA/ NR	CONSORT statement	NR	None/ NR
Panda et al./2021/ India ⁵⁴54. Natto ZS, Yaghmoor W, Bannuru RR, Nevins M. Identification and Efficacy Ranking of Allograft and Xenograft for Extraction and Ridge Preservation Procedures. Int J Periodont Restor Dent. 2017;37(5):e253-60. https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.3323 https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.3323...	Clinical and Experimental Dental Research/ IF: 1.45/ Citations: 0/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, EMBASE and hand search/ Only English/ NR	2/ 2/ NR	39/ 19	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020208010	RoB 2.0	Low to moderate	None/ None
Panda et al./2022/ India ⁵⁵55. Panda S, Khijmatgar S, Das M, Arbildo-Vega H, Del Fabbro M. Recombinant human derived growth and differentiating factors in treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2021 Nov;15(11):900-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.3236 https://doi.org/10.1002/term.3236...	Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine/ IF: 3.963/ Citations: 0/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, COCHRANE, and hand search/ Only English/ November, 2020	NR/ 2/ NR	12/ 12	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020213753	RoB 2.0	Moderate	None/ None
Peng et al./2017/ China ⁵⁶56. Panda S, Khijmatgar S, Arbildo-Vega H, Das AC, Kumar M, Das M, et al. Stability of biomaterials used in adjunct to coronally advanced flap: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022 Feb;8(1):421-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.461 https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.461...	Oral Oncology/ IF: 5.337/ Citations: 9/ Oral Pathology	PUBMED, COCHRANE, Web of Science, WangFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and hand search/ No restriction/ May, 2017	3/ 3/ NR	57/ 57	NR/ NR	Jadad-Oxford scale	NR	None/ Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Sun Yat-sem University Clinical Research 5010 Program.
Pires et al./2018/ Brazil ⁵⁷57. Peng H, Chen BB, Chen L, Chen YP, Liu X, Tang LL, et al. A network meta-analysis in comparing prophylactic treatments of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis for patients with head and neck cancers receiving radiotherapy. Oral Oncol. 2017 Dec;75:89-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.11.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2...	Brazilian Oral Research/ IF: 2.674/ Citations: 24/ Pediatric Dentistry	PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, TRIP, and hand search/ No restriction/ January, 2017	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.96)	17/ 17	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42016035775	RoB	NR	None/ NR
Rabelo et al./ 2015/ Brazil ⁵⁸58. Pires CW, Pedrotti D, Lenzi TL, Soares FZ, Ziegelmann PK, Rocha RO. Is there a best conventional material for restoring posterior primary teeth? A network meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res. 2018 Mar;32(0):e10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0010 https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-201...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 65/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, hand search, and grey literature/ NR/ December, 2014	2/ 2/ NR	14/ 5	PRISMA, Cochrane Handbook, and CheckReview/ São Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP	RoB	NR	None/ Supported by the research grants from Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) and the National Science Council in Taiwan.
Rajesh Kashyap and Shanker Kashyap/2021/ India ⁵⁹59. Rabelo CC, Feres M, Gonçalves C, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Tu YK, et al. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. A systematic review and a Bayesian Network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Jul;42(7):647-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12427 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12427...	Oral Diseases/ IF: 3.511/ Citations: 1/ Oral Surgery	PUBMED, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, Web of Science, and hand search/ Only English/ January, 2020	NR/ 2/ NR	56 / 14	PRISMA-P/ NR	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ None
Ramanauskaite et al./ 2021/ Lithuania ⁶⁰60. Rajesh Kashyap R, Shanker Kashyap R. Herbal derivatives in the management of mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis: a network meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2021 Oct;27(7):1606-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13544 https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13544...	Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy/ IF: 3.631/ Citations: 1/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, hand search and grey literature/ Only English/ March, 2021	2/ NR/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.94; full-text: k=1.0)	8/ 8	PRISMA/ INPLASY202110022	RoB	NR	None/ None
Romandini et al./ 2019/ Italy ⁶¹61. Ramanauskaite E, Moraschini V, Machiulskiene V, Sculean A. Clinical efficacy of single and multiple applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontal maintenance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2021 Dec;36:102435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102435 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 31/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, SCOPUS, CENTRAL and Web of Knowledge, hand search and grey literature/ No restrictions/ July, 2017	2/ 2/ NR	9/ 8	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42015029708	RoB	NR	None/ NR
Schwendicke et al./ 2016/ Germany ⁶²62. Romandini M, De Tullio I, Congedi F, Kalemaj Z, D’Ambrosio M, Laforí A, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis at dental implant placement: which is the best protocol? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Mar;46(3):382-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13080 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13080...	Journal of Dental Research/ IF: 6.116/ Citations: 60/ Dental Materials	CENTRAL, PUBMED, EMBASE, and hand search/ No restrictions/ May, 2015	2/ 2/ NR	72/ 72 (36 for cervical lesions and 36 for load-bearing lesions)	NR/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ Funded by the authors and their institutions. FS was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation. Tu was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan.
Schwendicke et al./ 2021/ Germany ⁶³63. Schwendicke F, Göstemeyer G, Blunck U, Paris S, Hsu LY, Tu YK. Directly Placed Restorative Materials: Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2016 Jun;95(6):613-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516631285 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516631285...	Cochrane Library/ IF: 9.266/ Citations: 2/ Cariology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Clinicaltrials.gov, WHO Clinical Trials Registry Plataform, and hand search/ No restrictions/ July, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	23/ 11	NR/ NR	RoB	Low or very low	Declared/ Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK; Cochrane Oral Health Global Alliance.
Sebastian et al./ 2022/ India ⁶⁴64. Schwendicke F, Walsh T, Lamont T, Al-Yaseen W, Bjørndal L, Clarkson JE, et al. Interventions for treating cavitated or dentine carious lesions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul;7(7):CD013039. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013039.pub2 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD01303...	European Journal of Orthodontics/ IF: 3.075/ Citations: 0/ Orthodontics	PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE (Ovid), EPUB ahead of publications and non-indexed citations, hand search and grey literature/ Date restrictions/ January, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	13/ 9	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020157811	RoB 2.0	Low	None/ None
Sivaramakrishnan and Sridharan/ 2018/ Fiji ⁶⁵65. Sebastian B, Bhuvaraghan A, Thiruvenkatachari B. Orthodontic space closure in sliding mechanics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2022 Mar;44(2):210-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab047 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab047...	Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy/ IF: 3.631/ Citations: 14/ Implantodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, and hand search/ Only in English/ May, 2017	2/ Unclear/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.86)	6/ 6	NR/ PROSPERO CRD42017062714	RoB	Very low	None/ None
Sgolastra et al./2020/ Italy ⁶⁶66. Sivaramakrishnan G, Sridharan K. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of peri-implant diseases: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2018 Mar;21:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10....	Journal of Periodontal Research/ IF: 4.419/ Citations: 3/ Periodontology	PUBMED, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and hand search/ No restrictions/ March, 2020	2/ NR/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.75)	21/ 21	PRISMA-NMA/ PROSPERO CRD42020178621	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ NR
Sridharan and Sivaramakrishnan/ 2018/ Bahrain ⁶⁷67. Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Ciarrocchi I, Masci C, Spadaro A. Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res. 2021 Apr;56(2):236-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12821 https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12821...	Journal of Clinical Neuroscience/ IF: 1.961/ Citations: 15/ Oral Pathology	CENTRAL and PUBMED/ No restrictions/ NR	2/ 2/ NR	21/ 15	PRISMA/ PROSPERO CRD42017069223	RoB	Very-low to low	None/ None
Sridharan and Sivaramakri/2021/ Bahrain ⁶⁸68. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Pharmacological interventions for treating sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders: a mixed treatment network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Neurosci. 2018 May;51:12-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.02.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.02.0...	Australian Dental Journal/ IF: 2.419/ Citations: 2/ Oral pathology	PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and hand search/ No restrictions/ October, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	55 / 52	PRISMA-NMA/ https://osf.io/3qv4h/ ?show=view &view_only=	RoB	Very low to low	None/ NR
Stavropoulos et al./2021/ Switzerland ⁶⁹69. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Interventions for oral lichen planus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Aust Dent J. 2021 Sep;66(3):295-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12835 https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12835...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 12/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and hand search/ Only English and German/ April, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	31/ 21	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	NR	Declared/ Dr. Stavropoulos has received over the years research support, mostly in terms of biomaterials free of charge. Dr. Bertl and Dr. Spineli declare no conflict of interest. Dr. Sculean, Dr. Tonetti and Dr. Cortellini have received over the years research support and lecture fees.
Tan et al./2020/ Malaysia ⁷⁰70. Stavropoulos A, Bertl K, Spineli LM, Sculean A, Cortellini P, Tonetti M. Medium- and long-term clinical benefits of periodontal regenerative/reconstructive procedures in intrabony defects: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2021 Mar;48(3):410-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13409 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13409...	Pharmaceutics/ IF: 6.321/ Citations: 2/ Periodontology	CENTRAL, PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, hand search, and grey literature/ No restrictions/ January, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	43/ 29	PRISMA and Cochrane Handbook/ PROSPERO CRD42020137115	RoB 2.0	Very-low, low, and moderate	None/ Funded by The National University of Malaysia.
Tavelli et al./2019/ USA ⁷¹71. Tan OL, Safii SH, Razali M. Clinical efficacy of single application local drug delivery and adjunctive agents in nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Nov;12(11):1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111086 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics121...	Journal of Dental Research/ IF: 6.116/ Citations: 36/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, hand search, and grey literature/ NR/ May, 2017	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (titles/abstracts: k=0.87; full-text: k=0.93)	64/ 60	PRISMA and Cochrane Handbook , AMSTAR/ PROSPERO CRD42018090449	RoB	NR	None/ Partially supported by the University of Michigan Periodontal Graduate Student Research Fund.
Tsai et al./2020/ Taiwan ⁷²72. Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Cairo F, Rasperini G, Shedden K, Wang HL. The effect of time on root coverage outcomes: a network meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2019 Oct;98(11):1195-203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519867071 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519867071...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 5/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, and grey literature/ NR/ September, 2019	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers weighted kappa (k=0.867)	60/ 60	PRISMA-NMA/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ Partly funded by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan.
Tu et al./2010/ United Kingdom ⁷³73. Tsai SJ, Ding YW, Shih MC, Tu YK. Systematic review and sequential network meta-analysis on the efficacy of periodontal regenerative therapies. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Sep;47(9):1108-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13338 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13338...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 62/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, and hand search/ Only English, French and Spanish/ December, 2008	2/ 2/ NR	28/ 28	NR/ NR	RoB	NR	None/ The first author was funded by the United Kingdom government’s Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and currently holds a UK Research Council Fellowship. A UK Medical Research Council studentship supports the second author.
Urquhart et al./ 2019/ USA ⁷⁴74. Tu YK, Woolston A, Faggion CM Jr. Do bone grafts or barrier membranes provide additional treatment effects for infrabony lesions treated with enamel matrix derivatives? A network meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Jan;37(1):59-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01499.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009...	Journal of Dental Research/ IF: 6.116/ Citations: 58/ Cariology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and hand search/ No restrictions/ June, 2018	2/ 2/ NR	44/ 44	PRISMA/ NR	RoB	Very-low to high	None/ RLS has received research funding from the NIDCR-NHI. MMN has received research funding from the NIDCR-NIH as well as Colgate-Palmolive. RJW receives research funding from the NIDCR-NIH and training grant funding from the HRSA, and is the editor in chief of the JPHD and is on the board of directors of the AAPHD. MSW is a researcher, consultant, and lecturer for the Colgate Palmolive. DAY has lectured for honoraria sponsored by industry.
								GJ is currently an employee of GC America. Methodologists from the ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry led the development and authorship of the systematic review in collaboration with the expert panel. The ADA Council on Scientific Affairs commissioned this work. MF receives research funding from NIDCR-NIH and Procter & Gamble and serves as a scientific consultant for DentaQuest, Delta Dental Foundation, Procter & Gamble, Colgate, and 3M. BBN has lectured for honoraria sponsored by industry. DTZ has received consulting fees from Johnson & Johnson for providing lectures, is a consultant for Colgate, and receives research funding from NIH-NIDCR, Johnson & Johnson, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, and Church & Dwight.
Walsh et al./2019/ United Kingdom ⁷⁵75. Urquhart O, Tampi MP, Pilcher L, Slayton RL, Araujo MW, Fontana M, et al. Nonrestorative treatments for caries: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2019 Jan;98(1):14-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518800014 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518800014...	Cochrane Library/ IF: 9.266/ Citations: 112/ Cariology	CENTRAL, PUBMED, EMBASE, hand search, and grey literature/ No restrictions/ August, 2018	Cochrane Oral Health’s Information Specialist conducted systematic searches/ 2/ NR	96/ 81	NR/ Published protocol	RoB	Moderate and high	Declared/ Supported by the NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health.
Wang et al./2020/ Taiwan ⁷⁶76. Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Marinho VC, Jeroncic A. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar;3(3):CD007868. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub3 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00786...	Journal of Clinical Periodontology/ IF: 8.728/ Citations: 7/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, hand search, and grey literature/ No restrictions/ May, 2020	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (k=0.890)	22/ 22	PRISMA, Cochrane Handbook, and Check Review/ NR	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ Supported partly by grants from the National Taiwan University Hospital and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
Zhao et al./2020/ China ⁷⁷77. Wang CY, Yang YH, Li H, Lin PY, Su YT, Kuo MY, et al. Adjunctive local treatments for patients with residual pockets during supportive periodontal care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Dec;47(12):1496-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13379 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13379...	Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy/ IF: 3.631/ Citations: 3/ Periodontology	PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, hand search, and grey literature/ NR/ September, 2019	2/ 2/ Inter-reviewers kappa (title/abstracts: k=0.88; full-text: k=0.92)	44/ 44	PRISMA and Cochrane Handbook/ PROSPERO CRD42020152996	RoB	NR	None/ Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Zymperdikas et al./ 2020/ Greece ⁷⁸78. Zhao P, Song X, Nie L, Wang Q, Zhang P, Ding Y, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive photodynamic therapy and lasers in the non-surgical periodontal treatment: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2020 Dec;32:101969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101969 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101...	Journal of Dental Research/ IF: 6.116/ Citations: 1/ Periodontology	17 databases, hand search, and grey literature/ No restrictions/ August, 2020	2/ 2/ NR	11/ 7	PRISMA-NMA/ “The protocol was conducted a priori based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 and is available upon request. Not registered.”	RoB 2.0	NR	None/ None

Section	Checklist item	Yes	No

		n (%)	n (%)
Title	1. SR and NMA in title	39 (62.9)	23 (37.1)
Title	2. Structured summary	62 (100)	0 (0)
Background	3. Rationale for the review	62 (100)	0 (0)
Background	4. Objectives (PICO)	54 (87.1)	8^# (12.9)
Methods	5. Protocol and registration	36 (58.1)	26 (41.9)
	6. Eligibility criteria	61 (98.4)	1 (1.6)
	7. Information sources	62 (100)	0 (0)
	8. Search	50 (80.6)	12 (19.4)
	9. Study selection	61 (98.4)	1 (1.6)
	10. Data collection process	56 (90.3)	6 (9.7)
	11. Data items	46 (74.2)	16 (25.8)
	12. Geometry of the network	20 (32.2)	42 (67.8)
	13. Risk of bias within individual studies	62 (100)	0 (0)
	14. Summary measures	58 (93.5)	4 (6.5)
	15. Planned methods of analysis	58 (93.5)	4 (6.5)
	16. Assessment of Inconsistency	44 (71.0)	18 (29.0)
	17. Risk of bias across studies	34 (54.8)	28 (45.2)
	18. Additional analyses	45 (72.6)	17 (27.4)
Results	19. Study selection	59 (95.2)	3 (4.8)
	20. Presentation of network structure	57 (91.9)	5 (9.1)
	21. Summary of network geometry	39 (62.9)	23 (37.1)
	22. Study characteristics	56 (90.3)	6 (9.7)
	23. Risk of bias within studies	61 (98.4)	1 (1.6)
	24. Results of individual studies	48 (77.4)	14 (22.6)
	25. Synthesis of results	60 (96.8)	2 (3.2)
	26. Exploration for inconsistency	40 (64.5)	22 (35.5)
	27. Risk of bias across studies	31 (50)	31 (50)
	28. Results of additional analyses	50 (80.6)	12 (19.4)
Discussion	29. Summary of evidence	62 (100)	0 (0)
	30. Limitations	52 (83.9)	10 (16.1)
	31. Conclusions	61 (98.4)	1 (1.6)
Other	32. Funding	54 (87.1)	8 (12.9)

Study	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	Overall quality
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Sridharan and Sivaramakrishnan, 2021 ⁶⁸68. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Pharmacological interventions for treating sialorrhea associated with neurological disorders: a mixed treatment network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Neurosci. 2018 May;51:12-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.02.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.02.0...	Y	Y	Y	PY	Y	Y	N	PY	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Critically low
Stavropoulos et al., 2021 ⁶⁹69. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Interventions for oral lichen planus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Aust Dent J. 2021 Sep;66(3):295-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12835 https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12835...	Y	PY	Y	PY	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Moderate
Tan et al., 2020 ⁷⁰70. Stavropoulos A, Bertl K, Spineli LM, Sculean A, Cortellini P, Tonetti M. Medium- and long-term clinical benefits of periodontal regenerative/reconstructive procedures in intrabony defects: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2021 Mar;48(3):410-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13409 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13409...	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Moderate
Tavelli et al., 2019 ⁷¹71. Tan OL, Safii SH, Razali M. Clinical efficacy of single application local drug delivery and adjunctive agents in nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Nov;12(11):1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111086 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics121...	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Moderate
Tsai et al., 2020 ⁷²72. Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Cairo F, Rasperini G, Shedden K, Wang HL. The effect of time on root coverage outcomes: a network meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2019 Oct;98(11):1195-203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519867071 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519867071...	Y	N	Y	PY	Y	Y	PY	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Moderate
Tu et al., 2010 ⁷³73. Tsai SJ, Ding YW, Shih MC, Tu YK. Systematic review and sequential network meta-analysis on the efficacy of periodontal regenerative therapies. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Sep;47(9):1108-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13338 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13338...	Y	N	Y	PY	Y	Y	N	PY	Y	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	Low
Urquhart et al., 2019 ⁷⁴74. Tu YK, Woolston A, Faggion CM Jr. Do bone grafts or barrier membranes provide additional treatment effects for infrabony lesions treated with enamel matrix derivatives? A network meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Jan;37(1):59-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01499.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009...	Y	N	Y	PY	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	Low
Walsh et al., 2019 ⁷⁵75. Urquhart O, Tampi MP, Pilcher L, Slayton RL, Araujo MW, Fontana M, et al. Nonrestorative treatments for caries: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2019 Jan;98(1):14-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518800014 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518800014...	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	High
Wang et al., 2020 ⁷⁶76. Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Marinho VC, Jeroncic A. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar;3(3):CD007868. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub3 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00786...	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	PY	Y	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	Low
Zhao et al., 2020 ⁷⁷77. Wang CY, Yang YH, Li H, Lin PY, Su YT, Kuo MY, et al. Adjunctive local treatments for patients with residual pockets during supportive periodontal care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Dec;47(12):1496-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13379 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13379...	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Moderate
Zymperdikas et al., 2020 ⁷⁸78. Zhao P, Song X, Nie L, Wang Q, Zhang P, Ding Y, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive photodynamic therapy and lasers in the non-surgical periodontal treatment: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2020 Dec;32:101969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101969 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101...	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	PY	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	High

Review	Phase 1	Phase 2		Phase 3

	1. Study eligibility criteria	2. Identification and selection of studies	3. Data collection and study appraisal	4. Synthesis and findings	5. Risk of bias in the review
Al-Moraissi et al., 2019 ¹⁷17. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016 Dec;5(1):210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-...	☺	☹	☺	☺	☺
Aldhohrah et al., 2021 ¹⁸18. Al-Moraissi EA, Altairi NH, Abotaleb B, Al-Iryani G, Halboub E, Alakhali MS. What is the most effective rehabilitation method for posterior maxillas with 4 to 8 mm of residual alveolar bone height below the maxillary sinus with implant-supported prostheses? A frequentist network meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Jan;77(1):70.e1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.0...	☹	☹	☺	?	?
Askar et al., 2021 ¹⁹19. Aldhohrah T, Mashrah MA, Wang Y. Effect of 2-implant mandibular overdenture with different attachments and loading protocols on peri-implant health and prosthetic complications: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2022 Jun;127(6):832-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.12.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020....	☹	?	☹	☺	☺
Barbato et al., 2016 ²⁰20. Askar H, Krois J, Göstemeyer G, Schwendicke F. Secondary caries risk of different adhesive strategies and restorative materials in permanent teeth: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent. 2021 Jan;104:103541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103541 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103...	☺	?	☺	☹	☹
Barbato et al., 2020 ²¹21. Barbato L, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Baccini M, La Marca M, Duvina M, et al. Effect of surgical intervention for removal of mandibular third molar on periodontal healing of adjacent mandibular second molar: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2016 Mar;87(3):291-302. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150363 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150363...	☹	?	☺	☺	☺
Barootchi et al., 2020 ²²22. Barbato L, Selvaggi F, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Bendinelli E, Marca M, et al. Clinical efficacy of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) and non-surgical (MINST) treatments of periodontal intra-bony defect.: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCT’s. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Mar;24(3):1125-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03229-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03229...	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
Buti et al., 2013 ²³23. Barootchi S, Tavelli L, Zucchelli G, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Gingival phenotype modification therapies on natural teeth: a network meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2020 Nov;91(11):1386-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0715 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0715...	☹	?	☺	☺	?
Cairo et al., 2016 ²⁴24. Buti J, Baccini M, Nieri M, La Marca M, Pini-Prato GP. Bayesian network meta-analysis of root coverage procedures: ranking efficacy and identification of best treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Apr;40(4):372-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12028 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12028...	☹	?	☺	☺	☺
Cairo et al., 2020 ²⁵25. Cairo F, Pagliaro U, Buti J, Baccini M, Graziani F, Tonelli P, et al. Root coverage procedures improve patient aesthetics. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Nov;43(11):965-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12603 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12603...	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
Camps-Font et al., 2021 ²⁶26. Cairo F, Barootchi S, Tavelli L, Barbato L, Wang HL, Rasperini G, et al. Aesthetic-And patient-related outcomes following root coverage procedures: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Nov;47(11):1403-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13346 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13346...	☹	?	☺	☺	☺
Canellas et al., 2020 ²⁷27. Camps-Font O, Rubianes-Porta L, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Jung RE, Gay-Escoda C, Figueiredo R. Comparison of external, internal flat-to-flat, and conical implant abutment connections for implant-supported prostheses: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Prosthet Dent. 2021 Nov;:S0022-3913(21)00529-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2021....	☺	☺	☹	?	☺
Canullo et al., 2022 ²⁸28. Canellas JV, Fraga SR, Santoro MF, Netto JN, Tinoco EM. Intrasocket interventions to prevent alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020 Sep;48(9):902-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2020.06.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2020.06.0...	☹	☹	?	☺	☺
Cao et al., 2019 ²⁹29. Canullo L, Pesce P, Antonacci D, Ravidà A, Galli M, Khijmatgar S, et al. Soft tissue dimensional changes after alveolar ridge preservation using different sealing materials: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Jan;26(1):13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04192-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04192...	☹	?	☺	☺	☺
Dreweck et al., 2021 ³⁰30. Cao R, Li Q, Chen Y, Yao M, Wu Q, Zhou H. Efficacy of locally-delivered statins adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis: a Bayesian network analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jun;19(1):105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0789-2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0789-...	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
Escribano et al., 2016 ³¹31. Dreweck FD, Burey A, de Oliveira Dreweck M, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Adhesive strategies in cervical lesions: systematic review and a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 May;25(5):2495-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03844-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03844...	☹	?	?	☺	?
Faggion et al., 2014 ³²32. Escribano M, Figuero E, Martín C, Tobías A, Serrano J, Roldán S, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta-analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Dec;43(12):1059-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12616 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12616...	☹	?	☺	☺	☺
Falci et al., 2021 ³³33. Faggion CM Jr, Listl S, Frühauf N, Chang HJ, Tu YK. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on non-surgical treatments for peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Oct;41(10):1015-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12292 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12292...	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
Figuero et al., 2019 ³⁴34. Falci SG, Souza GM, Fernandes IA, Galvão EL, Al-Moraissi EA. Complications after different methods for fixation of mandibular angle fractures: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2021 Nov;50(11):1450-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.0...	☹	?	?	☺	☺
Graziani et al., 2014 ³⁵35. Figuero E, Herrera D, Tobías A, Serrano J, Roldán S, Escribano M, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: A systematic review and network meta-analyses. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Jul;46(7):723-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13127 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13127...	☹	?	☺	☺	☺
Hu et al., 2021 ³⁶36. Graziani F, Gennai S, Roldán S, Discepoli N, Buti J, Madianos P, et al. Efficacy of periodontal plastic procedures in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Apr;41 Suppl 15:S63-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12172 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12172...	☺	☹	☺	☹	☹
Hu et al., 2020 ³⁷37. Hu ML, Zheng G, Lin H, Li N, Zhao PF, Han JM. Network meta-analysis of the treatment efficacy of different lasers for peri-implantitis. Lasers Med Sci. 2021 Apr;36(3):619-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03101-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03101...	☺	☹	☺	☺	☺
Iocca et al., 2017 ³⁸38. Hu H, Feng C, Jiang Z, Wang L, Shrestha S, Yan J, et al. Effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Dec;24(12):4153-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03610-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03610...	☹	?	?	☹	☹
Jepsen et al., 2020 ³⁹39. Iocca O, Farcomeni A, Pardiñas Lopez S, Talib HS. Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction: a Bayesian Network meta-analysis of grafting materials efficacy on prevention of bone height and width reduction. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Jan;44(1):104-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12633 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12633...	☹	☺	☺	☺	☺
Jia et al., 2020 ⁴⁰40. Jepsen S, Gennai S, Hirschfeld J, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Graziani F. Regenerative surgical treatment of furcation defects: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jul;47(S22 Suppl 22):352-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13238 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13238...	☹	☹	☺	?	☺
Jia et al., 2022 ⁴¹41. Jia L, Jia J, Xie M, Zhang X, Li T, Shi L, et al. Clinical attachment level gain of lasers in scaling and root planing of chronic periodontitis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Mar;35(2):473-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02875-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02875...	☹	☺	☹	☹	☹
John et al., 2017 ⁴²42. Jia L, Jia J, Wu M, Li T, Zhao C, Shi H, et al. Probing depth reduction of laser application in periodontal therapy: a network meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Mar;37(2):1217-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03376-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03376...	☹	☹	?	☺	☺
Kotsakis et al., 2018 ⁴³43. John MT, Michalowicz BS, Kotsakis GA, Chu H. Network meta-analysis of studies included in the Clinical Practice Guideline on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Jun;44(6):603-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12726 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12726...	☹	?	?	☺	?
Krois et al., 2018 ⁴⁴44. Kotsakis GA, Lian Q, Ioannou AL, Michalowicz BS, John MT, Chu H. A network meta-analysis of interproximal oral hygiene methods in the reduction of clinical indices of inflammation. J Periodontol. 2018 May;89(5):558-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0368 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0368...	☺	?	☺	☺	☺
Lin et al., 2014 ⁴⁵45. Krois J, Göstemeyer G, Reda S, Schwendicke F. Sealing or infiltrating proximal carious lesions. J Dent. 2018 Jul;74:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04....	☹	?	?	☺	?
Loo et al., 2021 ⁴⁶46. Lin PY, Chen HS, Wang YH, Tu YK. Primary molar pulpotomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent. 2014 Sep;42(9):1060-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02....	☺	?	☺	☺	☺
MacDonald et al., 2021 ⁴⁷47. Shen Loo Y, Yee Wong T, Veettil SK, Se Wong P, Gopinath D, Mooi Ching S, et al. Antifungal agents in preventing oral candidiasis in clinical oncology: A network meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2021 Oct;27(7):1631-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13588 https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13588...	☹	☺	☺	☺	☺
Manchanda et al., 2022 ⁴⁸48. MacDonald L, Zanjir M, Laghapour Lighvan N, Costa BR, Suri S, Azarpazhooh A. Efficacy and safety of different interventions to accelerate maxillary canine retraction following premolar extraction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021 Feb;24(1):17-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12409 https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12409...	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
Maran et al., 2019 ⁴⁹49. Manchanda S, Sardana D, Liu P, Lee GH, Li KY, Lo EC, et al. Topical fluoride to prevent early childhood caries: systematic review with network meta-analysis. J Dent. 2022 Jan;116:103885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103885 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103...	☺	?	?	☺	☺
Moraschini et al., 2020 ⁵⁰50. Maran BM, Ziegelmann PK, Burey A, de Paris Matos T, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Different light-activation systems associated with dental bleaching: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Apr;23(4):1499-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02835-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02835...	☺	☺	☹	☺	☺
Moraschini et al., 2022 ⁵¹51. Moraschini V, Calasans-Maia MD, Dias AT, Formiga MC, Sartoretto SC, Sculean A, et al. Effectiveness of connective tissue graft substitutes for the treatment of gingival recessions compared with coronally advanced flap: a network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Oct;24(10):3395-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03547-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03547...	☺	☺	☺	☺	☺
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[1] Corresponding Author: Patricia Daniela Melchiors Angst E-mail: patricia.angst@ufrgs.br