Use and need of removable dental prostheses in an institutionalized Brazilian elderly population: a cross-sectional study

VIEIRA, Bruno Luís de Carvalho; MORAIS, Larissa Pereira de; VARGAS-FERREIRA, Fabiana; GUIMARÃES, Mirna Rodrigues Costa; MATTOS, Flávio Freitas; VARGAS, Andréa Maria Duarte

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0134

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Brasil

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Original Research, Social/Community Dentistry • Braz. oral. res. 35 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0134 copy

Use and need of removable dental prostheses in an institutionalized Brazilian elderly population: a cross-sectional study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the use and need of conventional removable prostheses (total and partial) and their associated factors among institutionalized elders. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1003 elderly people living in non-profit private long-term care institutions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Inclusion criteria required a minimum Mini Mental State of Examination (MMSE) score of 21. After the test, 191 individuals were included. Oral examination and interviews were conducted to identify participants’ use (throughout the day/every day) and need (do not have/have but do not use) of removable dental prostheses. Socioeconomic health indicators and behaviours were collected from institutional records and via interviews. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Poisson regression with robust variance was used in multivariate analysis. Most elders were female (76.4%) and independent in their daily activities (56.5%). Elderly men (PR 1.26) and those whose dental visit was more than one year ago (PR 1.38) showed higher need of dental prostheses. Elderly women (PR 1.68) and individuals with morbidities (PR 1.33) had higher prostheses use. This study demonstrates how socio-demographic characteristics, health indicators, and oral health services impact the use and need of dental prostheses among elders and how these can contribute to public oral health policy development.

Dentures; Aged; Long-Term Care; Oral Health

Variables	N	(%)	Use dental prostheses^*		p-value 95%CI	Need dental prostheses^*		p-value 95%CI

			N	%		N	%
Sex					< 0.001			0.011
Male	45	(23.6)	20	44.4	29.6–59.2	40	88.9	79.5–98.2
Female	146	(76.4)	114	78.08	71.3–84.8	102	69.9	62.3–77.4
Age (years)					0.052			0.674
60–75	77	(40.3)	48	62.3	51.3–73.3	56	72.7	62.6–82.8
76–99	114	(59.7)	86	75.4	67.4–83.4	86	75.4	67.4–83.4
Self-reported skin color					0.865			0.976
White	62	(32.5)	44	70.9	59.5–82.4	46	74.1	63.1–85.2
Non-white	129	(67.5)	90	69.7	61.7–77.7	96	74.4	66.8–82.0
Marital status					0.968			0.169
Without partner	174	(91.1)	122	70.1	63.2–76.9	127	72.9	66.3–79.6
With partner	17	(8.9)	12	70.6	48.1–93.0	15	88.2	63.5–98.5
Years of Study					0.524			0.068
0–3	96	(50.3)	69	72.6	62.5–81.7	76	80.0	70.5–87.5
4–17	95	–49,8	65	68.4	58.9–77.8	65	68.4	58.0–77.6
Smoking					0.482			0.112
Yes	19	(10.0)	12	63.1	40.7–85.6	17	89.5	66.8–98.7
No	172	(90.0)	122	71.0	64.0–77.7	125	72.7	65.4–79.1
Alcohol consumption					0.940			0.826
Yes	13	(6.8)	9	69.2	42.9–95.5	10	76.9	46.1–94.9
No	178	(93.2)	125	70.2	63.4–77.0	132	74.1	65.9–81.4
Arterial hypertension					0.053			0.720
Yes	70	(36.6)	55	78.6	67.1–87.4	51	72.9	60.9–82.8
No	121	(63.4)	79	65.3	56.0–73.7	91	75.2	66.5–82.6
Diabetes mellitus					0.107			0.501
Yes	33	(17.3)	27	81.8	64.3–93.0	23	69.7	51.3–84.4
No	158	(82.7)	107	67.7	59.8–74.9	119	75.3	67.8–81.8
Time since last dental visit (years)					0.393			0.001
Until one	67	(35.0)	49	74.2	61.9–84.2	39	59.0	46.2–71.0
> 1	124	–64,9	84	68.3	59.2–76.3	101	82.1	74.1–88.4
Morbidities					0.018			0.607
None	40	(21.0)	22	55.0	39.3–70.7	31	77.5	64.3–90.6
≥ 1	151	(79.0)	112	74.1	67.1–81.2	111	73.5	66.4–80.6
Functional capacity					0.177			0.271
Independent	108	(56.5)	80	74.0	64.7–82.0	77	71.3	62.6–79.9
Dependent	83	(43.5)	54	65.0	53.8–75.2	65	78.3	69.3–87.2
Mini-mental score					0.510			0.854
21–24	107	(56.0)	73	68.2	59.3–77.1	79	73.8	65.4–82.2
25–30	84	(44.0)	61	72.6	62.9–82.2	63	75.0	65.6–84.3

Variables	Crude model			Adjusted model*

	PR	95%CI	p-value	PR	95%CI	p-value
Sex			0.002			0.001
Male	1.27	(1.09–1.48)		1.26	(1.10-1.48)
Female	1.00			1.00
Age (years)			0.678	*
60–75	1.00
76–99	1.04	(0.87–1.23)
Self–reported skin color			0.974
White	1.00
Nonwhite	1.00	(0.84–1.20)
Marital status			0.058			0.242
Without partner	1.00			1.00
With partner	1.21	(0.99–1.47)		1.13	(0.92-1.40)
Years of study			0.072			0.122
0–3	1.16	(0.98–1.38)		1.13	(0.97-1.34)
4–17	1.00			1.00
Smoking			0.023			0.288
Yes	1.23	(1.03–1.47)		1.11	(0.91-1.36)
No	1.00			1.00
Alcohol consumption			0.817	*
Yes	1.04	(0.76–1.41)
No	1.00
Arterial hypertension			0.724	*
Yes	0.97	(0.81–1.15)
No	1.00
Diabetes mellitus			0.885	*
Yes	1.02	(0.81–1.28)
No	1.00
Time since last dental visit (years)			0.003			0.002
Until one	1.00			1.00
> 1	1.39	(1.12–1.73)		1.38	(1.11-1.70)
Morbidities			0.591	*
None	1.00
≥ 1	0.75	(0.98–1.15)
Functional capacity			0.265	*
Independent	1.00
Dependent	1.10	(0.93–1.29)
Mini–mental score			0.854	*
21–24	1.00
25–30	1.01	(0.86–1.20)

Variables	Crude model			Adjusted model*

	PR	95%CI	p-value	PR	95%CI	p-value
Sex			0.001			0.002
Male	1.00			1.00
Female	1.76	(1.25–2.46)		1.68	(1.20–2.35)
Age (Years)			0.066			0.249
54–75	1.00			1.00
76–99	1.21	(0.98–1.48)		1.12	(0.92–1.35)
Self–reported skin color			0.865	*
White	1.00
Nonwhite	0.98	(0.81–1.20)
Marital status			0.967	*
Without partner	1.00
With partner	1.00	(0.73–1.39)
Years of study			0.526	*
0–3	1.06	(0.88–1.28)
4–17	1.00
Smoking			0.525	*
Yes	0.89	(0.62–1.27)
No	1.00
Alcohol consumption			0.941	*
Yes	0.98	(0.68–1.43)
No	1.00
Arterial hypertension			0.043			0.222
Yes	1.20	(1.01–1.44)		1.12	(0.93–1.34)
No	1.00			1.00
Diabetes mellitus			0.056			0.375
Yes	1.21	(0.99–1.47)		1.09	(0.89–1.33)
No	1.00			1.00
Time since last dental visit (years)			0.381	*
Until one	1.00
> 1	0.92	(0.76–1.11)
Morbidities			0.048			0.046
None	1.00			1.00
≥ 1	1.35	(1.01–1.81)		1.33	(1.01–1.76)
Functional capacity			0.189			0.106
Independent	1.14	(0.94–1.38)		1.16	(0.97–1.40)
Dependent	1.00			1.00
Mini–Mental score			0.508	*
21–24	1.00
25–30	1.06	(0.88–1.28)

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[1] Corresponding Author: Bruno Luís de Carvalho Vieira E-mail: obrunocarvalho@hotmail.com