| Seneviratne et al., 202030 (Malaysia) |
Test group 1: 0.5% PVP-I diluted with 5 ml of water (0.5% w/v), 5 mL, for 30 seconds (Betadine Gargle and Mouthwash®). N = 4 |
Sterile water, 15 mL for 30 seconds. n = 2 |
Change in cycle threshold (Ct) values of salivary SARS-CoV-2 after mouthrinsing. |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 5 minutes, 3 hours, and 6 hours post-rinsing. |
There was a significant saliva viral load reduction for 0.5% PVP-I group at 6 hours and 0.075% CPC group at 5 minutes and 6 hours, compared to control. |
| Test group 2: 0.2% CHX, 15 mL, for 30 seconds (Pearlie White Chlor-Rinse®). N = 6 |
| Test group 3: 0.075% CPC, 20 mL, for 30 seconds (Colgate Plax®). N = 4 |
| Elzein et al, 202132 (Lebanon) |
Test group 1: 1% PVP-I, 15 mL, for 30 seconds (trademark not mentioned). N = 25 |
Distilled water, 15 mL, for 30 seconds. n = 9 |
Change in cycle threshold (Ct) values of salivary SARS-CoV-2 after mouthrinsing. |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline and 5 minutes post-rinsing. |
There was a significant saliva viral load reduction for both mouthrinses compared to control. No significant difference was found between the groups. |
| Test group 2: 0.2% CHX, 15 mL, for 30 seconds (trademark not mentioned). N = 27 |
| Chaudhary et al. 202137 (United States) |
Test group 1: 0.5% PVP-I, 7.5 mL, for 30 seconds. Next, patients expectorated and rinsed with 7.5ml for further 30 seconds (trademark not mentioned). N = 10 |
Saline solution, 7.5 mL, for 30 seconds. Next, patients expectorated and rinsed with 7.5ml for further 30 seconds. n = 10 |
Change in cycle threshold (Ct) values of salivary SARS-CoV-2 after mouthrinsing. |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 15- and 45-minutes post-rinsing. |
There was a significant saliva viral load intragroup reduction for 0.5% PVP-I, 0.12% CHX and saline solution 15 and 45 minutes post-rinsing. However, there were no differences between the groups. |
| Test group 2: 0.12% CHX, 7.5 mL, for 30 seconds. Next, patients expectorated and rinsed with 7.5ml for further 30 seconds (trademark not mentioned). N = 10 |
| Test group 3: 1% HP, 7.5 mL, for 30 seconds. Next, patients expectorated and rinsed with 7.5ml for a further 30 seconds (trademark not mentioned). N = 10 |
| Carrouel et al, 202131 (France) |
Test group: CDCM, 30 mL, for 1 minute. Three rinses daily (at 09:00, 14:00 and 19:00) were performed for 7 days. N = 88 (76 analyzed) |
Placebo solution, 30 mL, for 1 minute. n = 88 (78 analyzed) |
Viral load in saliva, calculated as the number of RNA copies per mL of saliva (log10 copies/mL). |
Saliva samples were collected on day 1 at baseline and immediately post-rinsing, at 09:00, 14:00 and 19:00 hours. On the following 6 days, one sample immediately post-rinsing was taken at 15:00 hours. |
There was a significant saliva viral load reduction in the test group, compared to control on day 1 (4 hours after the initial dose). For 7 days, a modest benefit was verified. |
| Eduardo et al, 202133 (Brazil) |
Test group 1: 0.12% CHX, 15 mL, for 30 seconds (PerioGard®). n = 12 (8 analyzed) |
Distilled water, 20 mL, for 1 minute. n = 12 (9 analyzed) |
Change in cycle threshold (Ct) values of salivary SARS-CoV-2 after mouthrinsing. |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately post-rinsing, 30 minutes, and 1-hour post-rinsing. |
There was a significant intragroup reduction in the saliva viral load in the 4 test groups but not in the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the tests and the control group. |
| Test group 2: 0.075% CPC + 0.28% Zinc lactate, 20 mL, for 30 seconds (CPC + Zn; Colgate Total 12®). n = 12 (7 analyzed) |
|
| Test group 3: 1.5% HP, 10 mL, for 1 minute (Peroxyl®). Test group 3: n = 12 (7 analyzed) |
|
| Test group 4: 1.5% HP + 0.12% CHX, 10 mL of HP, for 1 minute, followed by rinsing with 15 mL of CHX for 30 seconds (Peroxyl® + PerioGard®). n = 12 (12 analyzed) |
|
| Costa et al, 202138 (Brazil) |
Test group: 0.12% CHX, 15 mL, for 30 seconds (trademark not mentioned). Next, patients spat and rinsed the same product for 30 seconds. N = 55 (50 analyzed). |
Placebo solution, 15 mL, 30 for seconds. Next, patients spat and rinsed the same product for 30 seconds. n = 55 (50 analyzed). |
Change in cycle threshold (Ct) values of salivary SARS-CoV-2 after mouthrinsing. |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 5 minutes, and 1-hour post-rinsing. |
There was a significant saliva viral load reduction in the test group, compared to control, at 5 minutes and 1-hour post-rinsing. |
| Ferrer et al., 202134 (Spain) |
Test group 1: 2% PVP-I (diluted: 3 mL of povidone-iodine 10% for oral use, with 12 mL of distilled water), for 1 minute (Betadine Gargle and Mouthwash®). The dosage was not mentioned. N = 18 (9 analyzed) |
Distilled water, for 1 minute. The dosage was not mentioned. n = 16 (12 analyzed) |
Viral load in saliva, calculated as the number of RNA copies per mL of saliva (log10 copies/mL). |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 30 minutes, 1- and 2-hour post-rinsing. |
There was no significant saliva viral load reduction in the 4 test groups, compared to control, at 30-, 60- and 120-minutes post-rinsing. |
| Test group 2: 1% HP (diluted: 5 mL of hydrogen peroxide 3%, with 10 mL of distilled water), for 1 minute (Oximen©). The dosage was not mentioned. n = 16 (14 analyzed) |
|
| Test group 3: 0.07% CPC, for 1 minute (Vitis Xtra Forte©). The dosage was not mentioned. n = 17 (11 analyzed) |
|
| Test group 4: 0.12% CHX, for 1 minute (Clorhexidina Dental PHB©). The dosage was not mentioned. n = 17 (12 analyzed) |
|
| Alemany et al., 202235 (Spain) |
Test group: 0.07% CPC, 15 mL, for 1 minute (Vitis® CPC Protect, Dentaid). n = 60 (51 analyzed for viral load by RT-qPCR and 40 analyzed for nucleocapsid ELISA). |
Distilled water, 15 mL, for 1 minute. n = 58 (54 analyzed for viral load by RT-qPCR and 40 analyzed for nucleocapsid ELISA). |
Viral load in saliva, calculated as the number of RNA copies per mL of saliva (log10 copies/mL) and levels of SARS-CpV-2 nucleocapsid protein levels of lysed viruses. |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 1 and 3 hours post-rinsing. |
There was no significant viral load reduction in test group, compared with to control. However, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein of lysed viruses were significantly higher in the CPC group compared with the control group at 1 and 3 hours post-rinsing. |
| Barrueco et al., 202236 (Spain) |
Test group 1: 2% PVP-I, for 1 minute (Betadine © Bucal 100 mg/mL). The dosage was not mentioned. n = 9 (5 analyzed) |
Distilled water, for 1 minute. The dosage was not mentioned. n = 10 (6 analyzed). |
Viral load in saliva, calculated as the number of RNA copies per mL of saliva (log10 copies/mL) and its infectious capacity (incubating saliva in cell cultures). |
Saliva samples were collected at baseline, 30 minutes and 1 hour post-rinsing. |
There was no significant viral load reduction in PVP-I, HP and CHX groups, compared with the control. Significant reduction in salivary viral copy numbers of 1.5 log and a 97.16% reduction in viral infectivity were obtained for CPC, 1 hour post-rinsing. |
| Test group 2: 1% HP, for 1 minute (Oximen©). The dosage was not mentioned. N = 6 (5 analyzed) |
| Test group 3: 0.07% CPC, for 1 minute (Vitis Xtra Forte©. The dosage was not mentioned. n = 9 (7 analyzed) |
| Test group 4: 0.12% CHX, for 1 minute (Clorhexidina Dental PHB©). The dosage was not mentioned. n = 9 (6 analyzed) |
