Oral health-related quality of life as a predictor of alcohol and cigarette consumption in adolescents

Brondani, Bruna; Sfreddo, Camila Silveira; Knorst, Jessica Klöckner; Ramadan, Yassmín Hêllwaht; Ortiz, Fernanda Ruffo; Ardenghi, Thiago Machado

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0025

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Original Research, Social/Community Dentistry • Braz. oral. res. 36 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0025 copy

Oral health-related quality of life as a predictor of alcohol and cigarette consumption in adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

This study evaluated the influence of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) on the consumption of alcohol and cigarette use in adolescents. This prospective cohort began in 2012 (T1) with an initial random sample of 1134 12-year-old adolescents followed for 6 years in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The present study comprised data from the two cohort reassessments that took place in 2014 (T2) and 2018 (T3). OHRQoL was measured with the Brazilian short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) at T2. Socioeconomic, demographic, and oral health measures were also collected during this period. Alcohol and cigarette consumption (regular use) in the past 30 days was evaluated at T3 through questions in the of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) questionnaire. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the influence of predictor variables on substance use. Of the 770 adolescents at T2, 575 and 576 adolescents were reassessed at T3 for alcohol and cigarette consumption, respectively. Adolescents with higher overall CPQ11-14 scores were at higher risk for regular consumption of alcohol (IRR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01-1.02) and cigarette (IRR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03-1.05). Non-white adolescents with low socioeconomic status, untreated dental caries, and who had not been to the dentist (last 6 months) were also associated with increased regular consumption of licit substances. Adolescents with worse OHRQoL presented a higher consumption of alcohol and cigarette. These findings are useful for planning public health strategies to improve adolescent OHRQoL and reduce the harmful substance use.

Keywords:
Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Cigarette Smoking; Oral Health; Quality of Life

Variables (T2)^a a T2, 2-year follow-up;			Alcohol use (T3)^b b T3, 6-year follow-up;		Cigarette use (T3)^b b T3, 6-year follow-up;
			(n = 575)		(n = 576)
			n (%)	Mean (SE)^c c SE: standard error;	n (%)	Mean (SE)^c c SE: standard error;
Demographic variables
	Sex
		Girls	316 (53.4)	2.5 (0.3)	318 (53.5)	1.5 (0.4)
		Boys	259 (46.6)	2.8 (0.1)	258 (46.5)	2.0 (0.4)
Race
		White	446 (79.9)	2.5 (0.1)	448 (80)	1.7 (0.3)
		Non-white	121 (20.1)	3.2 (0.8)	120 (20)	2.0 (0.6)
Socioeconomic variables
	Household income in R$^d d R$, Real (R$4.04 is equivalent to US$1.00 approximately);
		Highest (3^rd tercil)	144 (36.5)	2.3 (0.3)	145 (36.7)	0.7 (0.3)
		Medium (2^nd tercil)	119 (27.2)	2.9 (0.5)	118 (27.1)	1.9 (0.5)
		Lowest (1^st tercil)	149 (36.3)	3.4 (0.4)	148 (36.2)	2.6 (0.7)
Oral health measures
	Dental visits (last 6 months)
		Yes	252 (54)	2.7 (0.3)	252 (54)	1.3 (0.4)
		No	219 (46)	3.0 (0.3)	218 (46)	2.0 (0.5)
	Self-perception of gingival bleeding
		Yes	353 (61.3)	2.8 (0.3)	351 (61)	1.8 (0.3)
		No	207 (38.7)	2.2 (0.3)	210 (39)	1.8 (0.3)
	Untreated dental caries
		Without	333 (60.8)	2.5 (0.2)	335 (60.9)	1.4 (0.2)
		With	226 (39.2)	2.7 (0.3)	225 (39.1)	2.2 (0.5)
			Coefficient^e e Spearman correlation;	Mean (SE)^c c SE: standard error;	Coefficient^e e Spearman correlation;	Mean (SE)^c c SE: standard error;
OHRQoL (CPQ overall score)			0.1^* * Taking into account the sampling weight;	9.28 (0.3)	0.05	9.24 (0.3)

Variables			IRR^a a IRR: incidence rate ratio; Unadjusted	p-value	IRR^a a IRR: incidence rate ratio; Adjusted	p-value
Variables			(95% CI)^b b CI: confidence interval;	p-value	(95% CI)^b b CI: confidence interval;	p-value
Demographic variables
	Sex			0.019		< 0.01
		Girls	1		1
		Boys	1.13 (1.02-1.25)		1.21 (1.07-1.37)
	Race			< 0.001		< 0.001
		White	1		1
		Non-white	1.32 (1.17-1.49)		1.46 (1.27-1.68)
Socioeconomic variables
	Household income in R$^c c R$, Real (at the time, R$4.04 was equivalent to US$1.00 approximately).			< 0.001		< 0.001
		Highest (3^rd tercil)	1		1
		Medium (2^nd tercil)	1.38 (1.17-1.62)		1.38 (1.17-1.63)
		Lowest (1^st tercil)	1.72 (1.48-2.01)		1.71 (1.46-2.02)
Oral health measures
	Dental visits (last 6 months)			< 0.001		< 0.001
		Yes	1		1
		No	1.24 (1.12-1.39)		1.34 (1.19-1.52)
	Self-perception of gingival bleeding			< 0.001		0.01
		Yes	1		1
		No	0.80 (0.72-0.90)		0.84 (0.73-0.95)
OHRQoL (CPQ overall score)			1.01 (1.01-1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.01-1.02)	< 0.01
	Untreated dental caries			0.953		-
		Without	1		-
		With	1.01 (0.90-1.11)		-

Variables			IRR^a a IRR: incidence rate ratio; Unadjusted	p-value	IRR^a a IRR: incidence rate ratio; Adjusted	p-value
Variables			(95% CI)^b b CI: confidence interval;	p-value	(95% CI)^b b CI: confidence interval;	p-value
Demographic variables
	Sex			< 0.001		0.003
		Girls	1		1
		Boys	1.56 (1.38–1.76)		1.25 (1.07–1.45)
	Race			0.327		-
		White	1		-
		Non-white	0.92 (0.80–1.07)		-
Socioeconomic variables
	Household income in R$^c c R$, Real (at the time, R$4.04 was equivalent to US$1.00 approximately).			< 0.001		< 0.001
		Highest (3^rd tercil)	1		1
		Medium (2^nd tercil)	2.05 (1.67–2.52)		1.82 (1.48–2.25)
		Lowest (1^st tercil)	2.94 (2.40–3.60)		2.31 (1.88–2.86)
Oral health measures
	Dental visits (last 6 months)			< 0.001		< 0.001
		Yes	1		1
		No	1.88 (1.64–2.17)		1.76 (1.51–2.05)
	Self-perception of gingival bleeding			0.223		0.052
		Yes	1		1
		No	1.07 (0.95–1.21)		1.16 (0.99–1.36)
OHRQoL (CPQ overall score)			1.01 (1.01–1.02)	< 0.001	1.03 (1.02–1.04)	< 0.001
	Untreated dental caries			< 0.001		0.008
		Without	1		1
		With	1.37 (1.21–1.54)		1.21 (1.05–1.40)

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[1] Corresponding Author: Thiago Machado Ardenghi. E-mail: thiardenghi@hotmail.com