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Adaptation and Validation of an Instrument to Measure the Concept of Variables for University Students

Abstract

University students make algebraic errors whose source is probably an incorrect or inappropriate use of variables. It is interesting for Mathematics Education to have an instrument that identifies the uses and characterizations of the variable that presents the greatest difficulty. This work’s objective is to adapt and validate an instrument that meets these characteristics. The instrument questions represent the complexity of the mathematical object variable with three partial meanings: variable as unknown, variable as a general number, and variable in functional relation. The characterizations address levels of abstraction ranging from interpretation to manipulation and symbolization. For the validation, the questionnaire is applied to 251 business school freshmen at a private university in Guadalajara, Mexico. Those items with low commonalities and that in a factorial analysis show either unstable factors or distribution in multiple factors are discarded, generating a reduced questionnaire that is applied to 129 students. The reliability of the new questionnaire is good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.808. Its validity is verified with eleven factors related to the different characterizations of the three uses of the variable, which explain 75.68% of the total variance.

Algebra; Variable Concept; Measuring Instrument; Mathematics

UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática Avenida 24-A, 1515, Caixa Postal 178, 13506-900 Rio Claro - SP Brasil - Rio Claro - SP - Brazil
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