The relationship between Math Anxiety, Working Memory, and Inhibitory Control: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Numerical processing demands functions that may show interference from anxiogenic reactions. The relationship between mathematics and threatening situations is called math anxiety (MA), which is a feeling of tension and mental disorganization when number manipulation is required. It is a consequence of genetic and environmental predictors, but may also be associated with poor working memory (WM) performance and inhibitory control (IC). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the size effect of MA on performance in WM tasks, and to investigate the strength and significance of correlations between MA, WM, and IC. A new hypothesis test was performed with data from articles that have the same pattern of statistical information, comparing groups with high and low MA. The software R, version 3.6.4, and the packages Revmeta, Metafor, and Forest were used. The size of the effect of MA on WM was SMD = -0.22, CI = 100%, [-0.38; -0.07]; p = 0.01, demonstrating that there is a significant difference between the WM means for groups with high and low MA. However, a high heterogeneity index (I² = 81%) was found, which shows little robustness about the variety of our data. Groups with high levels of MA have been shown to have higher error rate and reaction time in irrelevant stimulus inhibition tasks, which shows difficulties in resisting interference while performing mathematical tasks presented by these individuals.

Keywords:
Math Anxiety; Working Memory; Inhibitory Control; Executive Functions; Mathematics