| Argentina |
National System of Protected Areas (PAs), and other preservation areas |
National |
1.05% of total grasslands within the national territory |
Public |
To conserve pristine grassland areas representative of the region for its biodiversity and scenic values |
1980 |
Law Nº 22,351; other policies |
493 PAs of different biomes at different levels (national, provincial) |
To increase representation of at-risk ecosystems within the protected network. To increase budget for protected area management |
Burkart 2006, Moreno et al. 2008, Sistema de Estadística Ambiental 2019, SAyDS 2020 |
| Sustainable livestock grazing |
National |
NA |
Private: Fundación Aves Argentinas and Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina |
To generate knowledge on good management of natural grasslands to improve meat production and economic gains, without compromising grasslands sustainability |
2012 |
NA |
Several workshops and technical documents aiming at grassland management |
To reach a greater number of local producers and stakeholders; replacement of input technology with process technology; to reach a sustainable development public-policy management |
Aves Argentinas 2019 |
| Inventory of Important Birds Areas (IBAs) |
National (based on regional initiative) |
10.4% of the total RPG |
Private: Fundación Aves Argentinas and BirdLife International |
To identify and protect a network of critical sites based on the presence of globally threatened species, restricted distributions and/or confined to a singular biome, and/or congregating species |
2000 |
NA |
33 IBAs in Argentina; updated population data; monitoring and action plans were improved. Partnerships (Committee for the Conservation of Pampas Biodiversity, BIOPAMPA) |
Some IBAs and Valuable Grassland Areas (VGAs) are overlapped |
Bilenca & Miñarro 2004, Di Giacomo & Krapovickas 2005, Di Giacomo et al. 2007 |
| Valuable Grassland Areas (VGAs) |
National (based on regional initiative) |
3.5% of the Argentinean RPG |
Private: Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina (FVSA) |
To define and identify well preserved natural grasslands, based on biodiversity, endemism, indicator species, land tenure and law, and cultural relevance |
2002 |
NA |
36 VGAs were identified in Argentinean Pampas and Campos |
61% of VGAs overlapped total o partially with existing PAs; 47% on private lands, and most within areas with little agriculture aptitude. VGAs should be considered as “priority areas for protection by law” in future declarations (i.e. National Strategy on Biodiversity 2016-2020) |
Bilenca & Miñarro 2004, Miñarro & Bilenca 2008, MAyDS 2017a |
| Conservation strategy of Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina (FVSA) |
National (applied within regional approach) |
NA |
Private: FVSA |
Creation of new PAs (public and private) and supporting existing ones; to promote policies and incentives for sustainable practices; conservation of flagship species; training, education and outreach for grassland conservation; partnership with entities experienced in grassland conservation. |
2004 |
NA |
Creation of public areas ("Campos del Tuyú") and private areas ("Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bahía Samborombón"), where the goals were undertaken. |
NA |
Miñarro & Bilenca 2008 |
| Brazil |
National System of Conservation Unit (SNUC, in Portuguese) |
Federal, state and municipal |
3.24% of Pampas Biome in Brazil (0.7% within Full protection and 2.5% within sustainable use areas) in private and public lands |
Public: Brazilian government |
Regulation of PAs (federal, state and municipal areas) |
2000 |
Law Nº 9,985 |
Land classification in two groups according to use and management strategy: fully protected and those that allow sustainable use. |
To protect 17% of the area representative of the biome until 2020, under Convention on Biological Diversity (CONABIO 06/2013) |
MMA 2019 |
| National Biodiversity Policy |
National |
Promote the conservation of 10% of the Pampa Biome (i.e. Campos) |
Public: Brazilian government |
Biodiversity conservation by promoting sustainable practices involving government and NGOs pertaining to resource use and valuations, considering economic, environmental, social and cultural values. |
2002 |
Law Nº 4,339 |
Biodiversity valuation determined by its ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic contribution. |
To link benefits of conservation to people wellbeing |
MMA 2006 |
| Environmental Zoning plan for silviculture |
State level (Rio Grande do Sul, Campos) |
NA |
Public: State Council |
To conserve biodiversity (especially natural grasslands) and prevent expansion of agricultural frontier, particularly of large-scale industrial afforestation |
2004 |
Resolution Nº 84/2004 |
Establishment of maximum plantation size buffering distances. Established of 3.5 million hectares as afforestation prone. |
Disagreements between silviculture companies, activist groups and governmental institutions led to a reformulation with less restrictions |
Gautreau & Velez 2011 |
| Legal Reserve law |
National |
Variable between biomes (20% in the case of the Campos) |
Public: Brazilian government |
To ensure the sustainable use of natural resources, assisting the conservation and rehabilitation of ecological processes that maintain biodiversity. |
2012 |
Law Nº 12,727 |
Instrument applied on private land including Permanent Preservation Areas (protecting water resources, soil and biodiversity) and Legal Reserves (required on all private rural land, to preserve portions of native areas). Allowed alternative albeit compatible with conservation goals. |
Effective implementation. |
Silva & Ranieri 2014 |
| Uruguay |
National System of PAs(SNAP) |
National |
0.98% of the total territory are PAs along adjacency zones |
Public: Uruguayan Congress |
To harmonize planning and area management criteria; adoption of landscape level approach |
2000 |
Law Nº 17,234 |
16 PAs identified. Strategic plans that articulate socio-economic and conservation aspects were generated; technical documents were produced for responsible land use and management. |
To continue generating opportunities compatible with conservation (recreation, tourism, education, research and production) and increase native grasslands representation within PAs. |
Ávila et al. 2018, Moraes Salvio & Ribeiro Gómez 2018, MVOTMA 2019 |
| |
Inventory of Important Birds Areas (IBAs) |
National (based on regional initiative) |
18% total IBAs area of the total territorial extension |
Private: Aves Uruguay, Birdlife International |
To identify and protect a network of critical sites for bird species based on the presence of globally threatened species, the existence of species with restricted distribution and the presence of species confined to a specific biome and/or species that form big bird congregations |
2008 |
NA |
22 IBAS proposed. Updated population data; monitoring and action plans were improved. |
NA |
Aldabe et al. 2009 |
| |
Livestock Bureau in Natural Fields |
National |
NA |
Public: Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP) |
Cattle ranching management practices compatible with conservation and efficient use from an integral perspective; to identify and promote benefits obtained from native grasslands, and valuation regarding production and BES, especially resilience capacity to face climate change. |
2012 to present |
NA |
Training workshops and meetings among ranchers to promote sustainable management and integrate research institutions with government sectors; GIS mapping of natural grasslands; institutional strengthening for conservation action; education and outreach; participatory research integrating farmer’s knowledge. |
NA |
Pereira-Machín & Morales 2012, Jaurena et. al 2013, IICA 2017 |
| |
Climate Change Adaptation Development Project (DAAC) |
National |
NA |
Public: MGAP |
To support rural producers for the sustainable use of natural resources, while generating greater adaptation and resilience to climate change. |
2012- 2021 |
NA |
Application of sustainable land management practices; project financing; strengthening capacities of farmer organizations; support for the Land Use and Management policy (National Agricultural Information System) |
NA |
Pereira-Machín & Morales 2012, Banco Mundial 2017 |
| |
National Plan for Adaptation to Variability and Climate Change for the Agricultural Sector |
National |
NA |
Public and International: National System of Response to Climate Change and Variability (SRNCC); MGAP; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) |
To guide public policies with a long-term vision (2025-2050) around the productive, environmental, social and institutional dimensions |
2019 |
NA |
Participative process involving different stakeholders |
NA |
OPYPA 2019 |
| |
Climate-smart Livestock Production and Land Restoration project (GCP/URU/034/GFF) |
National |
4 Ecoregions with direct and indirect intervention |
Public and International: Global Environment Facility; MGAP; MVOTMA; FAO |
To mitigate climate change and restore degraded land through the promotion of climate-smart practices in cattle ranching |
2019 |
NA |
More efficient use of resources and lessen environmental impacts; reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; carbon sequestration in soil; positive impacts on biodiversity and other ecosystem services. |
NA |
OPYPA 2019 |
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