<i>Adiantum</i> (Pteridaceae) in Brazil: Key to the species and illustrations

Adiantum is a Pantropical genus of ferns, monophyletic, and has about 225 species. It can be recognized by the indusia with veins, bearing sporangia directly on the underside of its reflexed tissue. About 110 species occur in the Neotropical region and 65 of them are reported to Brazil. Among them, 64 are native species and occur mainly in the Amazon Rainforest, Caatinga, Central Brazilian Savanna, and in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Among the species that occur in Brazil, 16 are endemic and they represent 25% of the total. This paper presents a key to identify the 63 native species of Adiantum in Brazil, excluding the hybrid one. Illustrations of some morphological features, as well as of all species are also presented to help in the process of identification.

Keywords:
Diversity; endemic species; ferns; flora of Brazil; identification.

Authorship

Jefferson Prado *Corresponding author: Jefferson Prado, e-mail: jprado.01@uol.com.br

Instituto de Botânica, Herbário SP, C.P. 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Instituto de BotânicaBrasilSão Paulo, SP, BrasilInstituto de Botânica, Herbário SP, C.P. 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.Universidade Estadual PaulistaBrasilSão José do Rio Preto, SP, BrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-3125

Regina Y. Hirai

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-2811

*Corresponding author: Jefferson Prado, e-mail: jprado.01@uol.com.br

Author Contributions

Jefferson Prado: Substantial contribution to the concept and design of the study, contribution to data analysis and interpretation, contribution to manuscript preparation, and contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Regina Y. Hirai: Substantial contribution to the concept and design of the study, contribution to data collection, contribution to data analysis and interpretation, and contribution to manuscript preparation (text + illustrations).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

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Figures

Figures (13)

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Figure 1
Morphological characters of Adiantum: A. Long-hair. B, C. Short-hairs. D. Lanceolate scale, with pectinate base. E. Linear scale. F. Arachnoid scale. G. Oblong and glabrous indusia. H. Reniform–rounded and glabrous indusia. I. Oblong and scaly indusia. J. Lunate and pubescent (with short-hairs) indusia. K. Lobate-rounded and glabrous indusia. L. Linear and glabrous indusia. M. Linear-arcuate and glabrous indusium. N. Short-creeping rhizome. O. Very long-creeping (cord-like) rhizome. P. Long-creeping and nodose rhizome. Q. Long-creeping rhizome.

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Figure 2
Adiantum species: A–B. A. diphyllum, A. Habit. B. Pinna abaxially (photos: FM). C–D. A. adiantoides, C. Habit. D. Sori (photos: MB). E. A. leprieurii, habit (photo: MB). F–G. A. deflectens, F. Habit. G. Pinnules abaxially. H–I. A. platyphyllum, H. Habit. I. Young sori.

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Figure 3
Adiantum species: A–C. A. delicatulum, A. Habit. B. Sterile fronds. C. Sori. D–F. A. calcareum, D. Habit. E. Proximal pinnae. F. Pinnae abaxially. G–H. A. macrophyllum, G. Fertile frond. H. Sori (photos: RM).

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Figure 4
Adiantum species: A.A. nudum, habit. B.A. scalare, habit. C.A. lindsaeoides, habit. D.A. poeppigianum, habit. E.A. patens, habit. F.A. ornithopodum, part of a frond. G.A. papillosum, pinnule and detail of the rachis’s hairs.

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Figure 5
Adiantum species: A–C. A. petiolatum, A. Habit. B. Pinnae abaxially. C. Sori. D–E. A. obliquum, D. Habit. E. Sori (photos: GZ). F–G. A. dolosum, F. Habit. G. Sori (photos: GZ). H–I. A. lucidum, H. Frond. I. Sori (photos: MB).

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Figure 6
Adiantum species: A–B. A. pseudotinctum, A. Frond. B. Pinnules abaxially. C. A. pentadactylon, Habit. D–F. A. sinuosum, D. Habit. E. Young plant. F. Sori. G–I. A. glaucescens, G. Frond. H. Pinnules abaxially. I. Sori (photos: MB).

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Figure 7
Adiantum species: A. A. mynsseniae, pinnules. B. A. mathewsianum, pinnules. C–D. A. poiretii. C. Habit. D. Indusia. E–F. A. curvatum. E. Pinnule. F. Indusium. G. A. concinnum, habit. H. A. digitatum, pinnules.

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Figure 8
Adiantum species: A. A. subcordatum, pinnules abaxially. B–C. A. pectinatum, B. Habit. C. Pinnae (photos: GZ). D. A. abscissum, pinnules abaxially. E–F. A. tomentosum, E. Habit (photo: GM). F. Pinnules abaxially (photo: GZ). G–H. A. latifolium, G. Pinnules abaxially. H. Sori.

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Figure 9
Adiantum species: A. A. capillus-veneris, sori (photo: MS). B–C. A. raddianum, B. Habit. C. Sori. D–E. A. paraense, D. Habit (photo: MB). E. Pinnules abaxially (photo: GM). F–G. A. intermedium, F. Habit. G. Sori. H. A. serratodentatum, habit (photo: MB). I. A. pulverulentum, sori.

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Figure 10
Adiantum species: A–B. A. dawsonii, A. Habit. B. Indusia. C–D. A. decoratum. C. Pinna. D. Indusia. E. A. diogoanum, pinnules. F. A. incertum, pinnules. G. A. lorentzii, habit. H. A. giganteum, pinnules. I. A. windischii, habit. J–K. A. nodosum, J. Habit. K. Indusia.

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Figure 11
Adiantum species: A–B. A. discolor, A. Habit. B. Pinnae abaxially glaucous, adaxially green (photos: PL). C–D. A. humile, C. Habit. D. Sori (photos: GZ). E–F. A. terminatum, E. Habit (photo: HT). F. Sori (photo: GZ). G–H. A. multisorum, G. Habit. H. Rachis (photos: NS).

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Figure 12
Adiantum species: A–B. A. cajennense, A. Habit. B. Sterile pinnules (photos: HT). C–D. A. cinnamomeum, C. Habit (photo: HT). D. Rachis and sterile pinnules (photo: GZ). E–F. A. argutum, E. Habit. F. Pinnae abaxially (photos: JN). G. A. tetraphyllum, habit (photo: MB). H–I. A. villosum, H. frond (photo: RM). I. sori (photo: MB).

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Figure 13
Adiantum species: A. Adiantum rhizophytum, habit (Glaziou 2287, K). B. A. philippense, habit (Bartlett & Lasser 16842, US). C. A. phyllitidis, habit (Schomburgk 300, K). D. A. tetragonum, part of a frond (Wied s.n., BR). E. A. tenerum, frond (Liogier 28690, NY). F. A. gracile, frond (Claussen s.n., P).

Figure 1 Morphological characters of Adiantum: A. Long-hair. B, C. Short-hairs. D. Lanceolate scale, with pectinate base. E. Linear scale. F. Arachnoid scale. G. Oblong and glabrous indusia. H. Reniform–rounded and glabrous indusia. I. Oblong and scaly indusia. J. Lunate and pubescent (with short-hairs) indusia. K. Lobate-rounded and glabrous indusia. L. Linear and glabrous indusia. M. Linear-arcuate and glabrous indusium. N. Short-creeping rhizome. O. Very long-creeping (cord-like) rhizome. P. Long-creeping and nodose rhizome. Q. Long-creeping rhizome.

Figure 2 Adiantum species: A–B. A. diphyllum, A. Habit. B. Pinna abaxially (photos: FM). C–D. A. adiantoides, C. Habit. D. Sori (photos: MB). E. A. leprieurii, habit (photo: MB). F–G. A. deflectens, F. Habit. G. Pinnules abaxially. H–I. A. platyphyllum, H. Habit. I. Young sori.

Figure 3 Adiantum species: A–C. A. delicatulum, A. Habit. B. Sterile fronds. C. Sori. D–F. A. calcareum, D. Habit. E. Proximal pinnae. F. Pinnae abaxially. G–H. A. macrophyllum, G. Fertile frond. H. Sori (photos: RM).

Figure 4 Adiantum species: A.A. nudum, habit. B.A. scalare, habit. C.A. lindsaeoides, habit. D.A. poeppigianum, habit. E.A. patens, habit. F.A. ornithopodum, part of a frond. G.A. papillosum, pinnule and detail of the rachis’s hairs.

Figure 5 Adiantum species: A–C. A. petiolatum, A. Habit. B. Pinnae abaxially. C. Sori. D–E. A. obliquum, D. Habit. E. Sori (photos: GZ). F–G. A. dolosum, F. Habit. G. Sori (photos: GZ). H–I. A. lucidum, H. Frond. I. Sori (photos: MB).

Figure 6 Adiantum species: A–B. A. pseudotinctum, A. Frond. B. Pinnules abaxially. C. A. pentadactylon, Habit. D–F. A. sinuosum, D. Habit. E. Young plant. F. Sori. G–I. A. glaucescens, G. Frond. H. Pinnules abaxially. I. Sori (photos: MB).

Figure 7 Adiantum species: A. A. mynsseniae, pinnules. B. A. mathewsianum, pinnules. C–D. A. poiretii. C. Habit. D. Indusia. E–F. A. curvatum. E. Pinnule. F. Indusium. G. A. concinnum, habit. H. A. digitatum, pinnules.

Figure 8 Adiantum species: A. A. subcordatum, pinnules abaxially. B–C. A. pectinatum, B. Habit. C. Pinnae (photos: GZ). D. A. abscissum, pinnules abaxially. E–F. A. tomentosum, E. Habit (photo: GM). F. Pinnules abaxially (photo: GZ). G–H. A. latifolium, G. Pinnules abaxially. H. Sori.

Figure 9 Adiantum species: A. A. capillus-veneris, sori (photo: MS). B–C. A. raddianum, B. Habit. C. Sori. D–E. A. paraense, D. Habit (photo: MB). E. Pinnules abaxially (photo: GM). F–G. A. intermedium, F. Habit. G. Sori. H. A. serratodentatum, habit (photo: MB). I. A. pulverulentum, sori.

Figure 10 Adiantum species: A–B. A. dawsonii, A. Habit. B. Indusia. C–D. A. decoratum. C. Pinna. D. Indusia. E. A. diogoanum, pinnules. F. A. incertum, pinnules. G. A. lorentzii, habit. H. A. giganteum, pinnules. I. A. windischii, habit. J–K. A. nodosum, J. Habit. K. Indusia.

Figure 11 Adiantum species: A–B. A. discolor, A. Habit. B. Pinnae abaxially glaucous, adaxially green (photos: PL). C–D. A. humile, C. Habit. D. Sori (photos: GZ). E–F. A. terminatum, E. Habit (photo: HT). F. Sori (photo: GZ). G–H. A. multisorum, G. Habit. H. Rachis (photos: NS).

Figure 12 Adiantum species: A–B. A. cajennense, A. Habit. B. Sterile pinnules (photos: HT). C–D. A. cinnamomeum, C. Habit (photo: HT). D. Rachis and sterile pinnules (photo: GZ). E–F. A. argutum, E. Habit. F. Pinnae abaxially (photos: JN). G. A. tetraphyllum, habit (photo: MB). H–I. A. villosum, H. frond (photo: RM). I. sori (photo: MB).

Figure 13 Adiantum species: A. Adiantum rhizophytum, habit (Glaziou 2287, K). B. A. philippense, habit (Bartlett & Lasser 16842, US). C. A. phyllitidis, habit (Schomburgk 300, K). D. A. tetragonum, part of a frond (Wied s.n., BR). E. A. tenerum, frond (Liogier 28690, NY). F. A. gracile, frond (Claussen s.n., P).

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<i>Adiantum</i> (Pteridaceae) in Brazil: Key to the species and illustrations

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[1] *Corresponding author: Jefferson Prado, e-mail: jprado.01@uol.com.br