Ictiofauna de afluentes dos rios Urubu e Amazonas, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Pereira, Rayane da Silva; Silva, Rayanna Graziella Amaral da; Morales, Bruno Ferezim; Souza, Sidney dos Santos; Hinnah, Rafael; Takahashi, Erico Luis Hoshiba; Ota, Rafaela Priscila

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Inventory • Biota Neotrop. 20 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2019-0839 copiar

Ictiofauna de afluentes dos rios Urubu e Amazonas, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo:

A bacia do rio Amazonas compreende a maior diversidade de espécies de peixes do mundo. Interferências antropogênicas em ambientes aquáticos representam uma pressão sobre a manutenção da estabilidade ecológica e da biodiversidade. Inventariamos a ictiofauna de 13 afluentes perturbados/modificados dos rios Urubu e Amazonas na região do médio do rio Amazonas, entre junho de 2018 e março de 2019. Foram capturadas 164 espécies no total, representadas por 11 ordens, 37 famílias e 96 gêneros. Characiformes foi a ordem mais rica, seguida por Cichliformes e Siluriformes. As famílias mais representativas em número de espécies foram Cichlidae, Serrasalmidae e Characidae. Hemigrammus levis foi a espécie mais abundante e Acarichthys heckelii a mais comum, registrada em todos os locais amostrados. No presente estudo foram coletadas espécies de interesse econômico, bem como muitas espécies recentemente descritas e uma ainda aguardando descrição formal, identificada provisoriamente como Moenkhausia aff. colletii. Portanto, a alta diversidade de peixes registrada, mesmo em ambientes perturbados no médio rio Amazonas, denota a importância ecológica marcante dessa região para os recursos pesqueiros e suporta a necessidade de avaliação de outros ambientes aquáticos da região, bem como os possíveis impactos na composição, manutenção e sobrevivência da ictiofauna em ambientes diretamente afetados pelas atividades humanas.

Palavras-chave:
Diversidade da ictiofauna; Impactos ambientais; Inventário; Peixes amazônicos

Site	Local	Coordinates	Characteristics/ use of the margin areas	Deep and extension
1	Serpa 1	3°05'11.9"S	Lake's northwest side; connection to Urubu river (water input); emerging aquatic macrophytes; subsistence fisheries; moderate humans impacts	5.48 meters deep and 170 meters between the shores in samplings station
1	lake (lentic)	58°30'25.3"W
2	Serpa 2	3°04'55.6"S	Northwest-middle section of the lake; subsistence fisheries; marginal and floating habitations; intense navigation.	5.90 meters deep and 270 meters between the shores in samplings station
2	lake (lentic)	58°29'47.2"W
3	Serpa 3	3°05'53.4"S	Middle section of the lake; subsistence fisheries; marginal and floating habitations.	8.10 meters deep and 170 meters between the shores in samplings station
3	lake (lentic)	58°28'47.6"W
4	Serpa 4	3°07'12.3"S	Southeast section of the lake; connection to Amazonas river (water output in droughts and water input in floods).	5.20 meters deep and 120 meters between the shores in samplings station
4	lake (lentic)	58°28'12.6"W
5	AM-010 km 24	3°02'39.1"S	Artificial lake connected to Caru river (stream dammed by AM-010 road).	2.5 meters deep and 53,800 m² of surface area
5	lake (lentic)	58°35'40.8"W		2.5 meters deep and 53,800 m² of surface area
6	AM-010 km 24	3°02'34.4"S	Tributary of Caru river; moderate human impacts.	1.50 meters deep and 10 meters between the shores in samplings station
6	stream (lotic)	58°35'41.3"W	Tributary of Caru river; moderate human impacts.
7	AM-010 km 8	3°04'03.3"S	Artificial lake connected to Canaçari lake (stream dammed for recreational use).	1.7 meters deep and 12,700 m² of surface area
7	lake (lentic)	58°28'05.4"W		1.7 meters deep and 12,700 m² of surface area
8	AM-010 km 8	3°03'30.2"S	Tributary of Canaçari lake; moderate human impacts.	1.50 meters deep and 5 meters between the shores in samplings station
8	stream (lotic)	58°27'35.9"W	Tributary of Canaçari lake; moderate human impacts.
9	AM-010 km 13	3°02'49.1"S	Artificial lake connected to Urubu river (stream dammed by AM-010 road).	3.1 meters deep and 336,700 m2 of surface area
9	lake (lentic)	58°29'53.5"W		3.1 meters deep and 336,700 m2 of surface area
10	AM-010 km 13	3°02'53.3"S	Artificial lake connected to Urubu river (stream dammed by local road); disabled aquaculture site; pastures on lakeshore.	2.9 meters deep and 59,900 m2 of surface area
10	lake (lentic)	58°29'47.4"W		2.9 meters deep and 59,900 m2 of surface area
11	AM-010 km 13	3°02'41.6"S	Artificial lake connected to Urubu river (stream dammed by local road); suppressed riparian forest; pastures on lakeshore.	2.2 meters deep and 20,600 m2 of surface area
11	lake (lentic)	58°29'44.5"W		2.2 meters deep and 20,600 m2 of surface area
12	Almeida	3°04'27.6"S	Artificial lake connected to lake Canaçari (stream dammed by local road); recreational use.	2.5 meters deep and 71,100 m2 of surface area
12	lake (lentic)	58°26'27.7"W		2.5 meters deep and 71,100 m2 of surface area
13	AM-010 km 6	3º05'19.0''S	Artificial lake connected to lake Canaçari; seasonally connected to Serpa lake (on floods); suppressed riparian forest; pastures on lakeshore.	4.5 meters deep and 96,000 m² of surface area
13	lake (lentic)	58º27'42.8''W		4.5 meters deep and 96,000 m² of surface area

Classification	Locality	Voucher INPA
TELEOSTEI
ACTINOPTERI
OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES
Osteoglossidae
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829)	3,4	58811
CLUPEIFORMES
Engraulidae
Anchoviella carrikeri Fowler, 1940	4	58810
Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912)	4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11	57918
Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868)	4	58883
Pristigasteridae
Pellona flavipinnis (Valenciennes, 1837)	4	58875
CHARACIFORMES
Acestrorhynchidae
Acestrorhynchinae
Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch, 1794)	8	58827
Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier, 1819)	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13	58971
Acestrorhynchus isalineae Menezes & Géry, 1983	8	58825
Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine, 1841)	5, 6, 8, 13	58790
Acestrorhynchus minimus Menezes, 1969	5, 6, 8, 9, 13	57902
Acestrorhynchus cf. pantaneiro	4	58850
Heterocharacinae
Gnathocharax steindachneri Fowler, 1913	6	58844
Heterocharax macrolepis Eigenmann, 1912	12, 13	57882
Heterocharax virgulatus Toledo-Piza, 2000	5, 8, 9, 10, 13	57922
Hoplocharax goethei Géry, 1966	8	58834
Anostomidae
Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1858)	2, 3, 4	58817
Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1794)	2, 3, 4, 6, 8	58814
Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794)	1, 2	58867
Leporinus klausewitzi Géry, 1960	6, 8	58831
Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858	2, 3, 4	58880
Schizodon fasciatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829	2, 3, 4	58881
Bryconidae
Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz, 1829)	3	58922
Brycon melanopterus (Cope, 1872)	3, 4	58857
Chalceidae
Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870)	2, 3, 4	58813
Classification	Locality	Voucher INPA
Characidae
Characinae
Charax condei (Géry & Knöppel, 1976)	6, 8, 9	57921
Roeboides myersii Gill, 1870	4, 6	58830
Stethaprioninae
Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909	5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13	57891
Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882)	6, 8, 9, 10, 12	57917
Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, 1908	5, 6, 7, 8	58826
Hemigrammus diagonicus Mendonça & Wosiacki, 2011	5, 8, 12	57881
Hemigrammus levis Durbin, 1908	5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57912
Hemigrammus aff. melanochrous	12	57880
Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner, 1882)	12	58803
Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin, 1909)	6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13	57915
Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, 1908	6	58836
Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882)	4	57924, 58846
Moenkhausia aff. colletii	12	LBP 26690
Moenkhausia cf. cotinho	6	58835
Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1858)	9	58805
Moenkhausia mikia Marinho & Langeani, 2010	8	57932
Chilodontidae
Chilodus punctatus Müller & Troschel, 1844	6, 8	57930, 58824
Crenuchidae
Crenuchus spilurus Günther, 1863	8	58842
Ctenoluciidae
Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, 1850)	3, 4, 5, 6	58792
Curimatidae
Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel, 1844)	6	58829
Curimatopsis cryptica Vari, 1982	5	57933
Curimatopsis evelynae Géry, 1964	6, 7	58821
Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner, 1876)	5, 6, 7, 8, 12	57883
Curimatopsis pallida Melo & Oliveira, 2017	8	58833
Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner, 1858)	9, 5, 10, 11	57900
Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)	4	58860
Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)	5, 6, 8	57927
Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)	8, 9	58804, 58849
Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)	4	58877
Psectrogaster essequibensis (Günther, 1864)	2, 3, 4	58878
Cynodontidae
Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829	2, 3, 4	58812
Erythrinidae
Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	58795
Gasteropelecidae
Carnegiella strigata (Günther, 1864)	8	58843
Classification	Locality	Voucher INPA
Hemiodontidae
Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829	2, 4	58852
Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin, 1909	4	58867
Hemiodus gracilis Günther, 1864	6, 8, 9, 13	57919
Hemiodus immaculatus Kner, 1858	2, 3, 4	58815
Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)	6, 9	58802
Hemiodus sp. 1	2, 3, 4	58864
Hemiodus sp. 2	4	58865
Iguanodectidae
Bryconops caudomaculatus (Günther, 1864)	5, 6, 7, 8	57895
Bryconops giacopinii (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)	4	58808
Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, 1794)	6, 7, 8, 9, 13	57896
Iguanodectes spilurus (Günther, 1864)	8	58846
Lebiasinidae
Copella callolepis (Regan, 1912)	12	57894
Copella nattereri (Steindachner, 1876)	5, 6, 7, 8	58807
Nannostomus digrammus (Fowler, 1913)	5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13	57892
Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876	5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13	57901
Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann, 1909)	6, 8, 10, 12	57893
Pyrrhulina cf. australis	5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57885
Prochilodontidae
Semaprochilodus insignis (Jardine, 1841)	2, 4	58927
Semaprochilodus taeniurus (Valenciennes, 1821)	2, 3	58928
Serrasalmidae
Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819)	3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13	57920
Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816)	12	58793
Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl, 1923	3, 4	57911
Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann, 1915	3	58938
Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel, 1844)	3	57910
Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870)	1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13	57884, 58818
Metynnis luna Cope, 1878	4	57909
Metynnis maculatus (Kner, 1858)	7, 8	58818
Metynnis melanogrammus Ota, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu 2016	6, 8, 9	57925
Myloplus aff. asterias	3	58873
Mylossoma albiscopum	3, 4	58874
Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858	2, 3, 4	58879
Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819)	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57899
Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos, 2000	3, 4	58929
Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão & Santos, 1991	2, 3, 4	58931
Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman, 1929	4, 8	58820
Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858	4	58933
Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766)	2, 3	58932
Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858	3, 4	58930
Triportheidae
Triportheus albus Cope, 1872	3, 4	58935
Triportheus auritus (Valenciennes, 1850)	2, 3, 4	58937
Triportheus rotundatus (Jardine, 1841)	3, 4	58936
Classification	Locality	Voucher INPA
GYMNOTIFORMES
Hypopomidae
Brachyhypopomus brevirostris (Steindachner, 1868)	5, 7, 8, 10	57929
Brachyhypopomus sp.	1, 3, 4	58934
Sternopygidae
Eigenmannia muirapinima Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015	7, 8, 9, 10, 11	57907
SILURIFORMES
Auchenipteridae
Auchenipterinae
Ageneiosus dentatus Kner, 1858	4	58855
Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, 1766)	4	58863
Ageneiosus lineatus Ribeiro, Rapp Py-Daniel & Walsh, 2017	1, 2, 3, 4	58882
Auchenipterichthys coracoideus (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)	9, 11	58800
Auchenipterus nuchalis (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)	4	58853
Trachelyichthys exilis Greenfield & Glodek, 1977	5, 6, 9, 13	57923
Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus (Kner, 1858)	3	58868
Trachychoristis porosus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888	2, 3, 4	58876
Tympanopleura atronasus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)	4	58854
Tympanopleura rondoni (Miranda Ribeiro, 1914)	2, 4	58862
Centromochlinae
Tatia nigra Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2008	2	57906
Tatia strigata Soares-Porto, 1995		58840
Callichthyidae
Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828)	2, 4	58816
Doradidae
Anadoras grypus (Cope, 1872)	3	58856
Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 1821)	9, 11	58787
Heptapteridae
Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)	10, 11	58801
Loricariidae
Hypostominae
Ancistrus dolichopterus Kner, 1854	1, 2, 4	58851
Dekeyseria amazonica Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985	3	58861
Loricariinae
Loricariichthys acutus (Valenciennes, 1840)	2, 3	58871
Loricariichthys sp.	2, 4	58872
Pimelodidae
Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein, 1819)	4	58925
Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Valenciennes, 1840)	4	58924
Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829	2, 3, 4, 11	58789
Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840	4	58869
Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)	4	58926
Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum (Valenciennes, 1840)	2	58923
Sorubim elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt & Isern, 2001	2, 4	58884
GOBIIFORMES
Eleotridae
Microphilypnus ternetzi Myers, 1927	5, 8, 13	57928
Classification	Locality	Voucher INPA
SYNBRANCHIFORMES
Synbranchidae
Synbranchus sp.	5, 6, 9, 10	57903
CICHLIFORMES
Cichlidae
Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849)	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57914
Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840)	1,2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57887
Aequidens pallidus (Heckel, 1840)	5	58806
Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840)	10, 11, 12, 13	58798
Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875)	7, 10, 12 13	57904
Apistogramma gephyra Kullander, 1980	8	58839
Apistogramma pertensis (Haseman, 1911)	8, 10, 11, 12	57908
Apistogramma resticulosa Kullander, 1980	8, 10, 11, 12, 13	57905
Biotoecus opercularis (Steindachner, 1875)	5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57913
Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831	2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	58796
Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821	2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13	58794
Crenicichla lenticulata Heckel, 1840	1, 5, 10, 13	58797
Crenicichla lugubris Heckel, 1840	4	58858
Crenicichla regani Ploeg, 1989	7	58823
Crenicichla sp.	4	58859
Geophagus altifrons Heckel, 1840	2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57886
Heros spurius Heckel, 1840	4, 10, 11, 12, 13	57890
Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel, 1840)	8	58838
Hypselecara temporalis (Günther, 1862)	5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12	58799
Laetacara thayeri (Steindachner, 1875)	6, 7, 8, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57888
Mesonauta festivus (Heckel, 1840)	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13	57916
Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze, 1823)	4, 8	58809
Satanoperca acuticeps (Heckel, 1840)	1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13	57888
Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840)	2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13	57931
Satanoperca lilith Kullander & Ferreira, 1988	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10,11, 12	57898
Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840	1	57897
Taeniacara candidi Myers, 1935	7, 8, 13	57926
Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel, 1840	11, 12	58788
CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Fluviphylacidae
Fluviphylax pygmaeus (Myers & Carvalho, 1955)	5, 6, 8	58819
Rivulidae
Anablepsoides ornatus (Garman, 1895)	8	58837
BELONIFORMES
Belonidae
Belonion dibranchodon Collette, 1966	6	58828
Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843)	8	58832
PERCIFORMES
Polycentridae
Monocirrhus polyacanthus Heckel, 1840	8	58822
Sciaenidae
Plagioscion squamosissimus (Castelnau, 1855)	4	5887

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[1] *Corresponding author: Rayane da Silva Pereira, e-mail: rayanesp20@gmail.com