Biological properties of selected Amaranthaceae halophytic species: A review

Todorović, Marija; Zlatić, Nenad; Bojović, Biljana; Kanjevac, Milica

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902022e21229

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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Article • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 58 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e21229 copy

Biological properties of selected Amaranthaceae halophytic species: A review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The family Amaranthaceae contains a large number of halophytic species. The aim of this paper is to present a review of biologically significant halophytes in the flora of Serbia belonging to this family. This review includes a description of the following 18 species: Atriplex littoralis L., A. rosea L., A. halimus L., Bassia sedoides Pall., B. scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott., B. prostrata (L.) Beck., Beta trigyna W. et K., Camphorosma annua Pall., C. monspeliaca L., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Ch. polyspermum L., Ch. vulvaria L., Ch. hybridum L., Ch. album L., Ch. rubrum L., Salicornia europaea L., Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum., Salsola soda L. These species are sources of biologically active substances and have a good potential for multi-purpose applications. Most extracts of these species have been found to exhibit biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory and others. The aim of this review is to describe these species including their morphology, distribution, phytochemistry, as well as their use for medicinal and food purposes.

Keywords:
Amaranthaceae; Morphology; Essential oils; Secondary metabolites; Medicinal application

Species	Bioactive compounds	Compound	References
Atriplex littoralis	Flavonol glycosides	Patuletin 3-O- [5 '"- O-feruloyl-β-D-apiofuransil (1'" → 2 ") - β-D-glucopyranoside];	Bylka, 2004Bylka W. A new acylated flavonol diglycoside from Atriplex littoralis. Acta Physiol Plant. 2004;26(4):393-398.;
	Flavonol glycosides	Patuletin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside;
	Flavonoid glycosides	Spinacetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside;	Gođevac et al., 2015;
		arbutin;
		4-hydroxybenzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside;
Atriplex halimus	Flavonoids	Myricetin;	*Clauser et al., 2013*Clauser M, Dall’Acqua S, Loi MC, Innocenti G. Phytochemical investigation on Atriplex halimus L. from Sardinia. Nat Prod Res. 2013;27(20):1940-1944.;
	Flavonoids	Quercetin
	Glycosylated flavonoids	3', 5'-dimethoxymyricetin-3-O-β-D-Xylopyranosyl-7-0-fucopyranosyl- (1 → 3) -β-D-glucopyranoside;
		3'-methoxykercetin-7-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl- (1 → 3) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-P-Xylopyranosyl- (1 → 4) -b-xylopyranoside;
		3'-methoxykercetin- 7-O-α-L-ramnopyranosyl-3-O-arabinofuranosyl- (1 → 6) -β-D-Glucopyranoside;
		5'-dimethoxymyricetin-7-O-fucopyranosyl- (1 → 3) -β-D- glucopyranoside;
		Isorhamnetin glycoside;
Camphorosma monspeliaca	Essential oil	α-pinene;	Tajali et al., 2007;
		Citronellyl pentanoate;
		Limonene;
		Pinocarvone;
		Camphene;	Bahernik, Mirza, 2003Bahernik Z, Mirza M. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Camphorosma monspeliaca L. 34th International Symposium on Essential Oils University of Wurzburg, Germany; 2003.;
		α-cadinol;
		Octen-3-ol;
		β -eudesmol;
Chenopodium ambrosioides	Flavonoid glycosides	Quercetin (acyl)glucuronide-O-rhamnoside;	Barros et al., 2013;
		Quercetin O-rhamnosyl-glucuronide;
		Quercetin dirhamnoside;
		Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside;
		Quercetin O-rhamnosyl-pentoside;
		Kaempferol O-pentosyl-rhamnosyl-hexoside;
		Kaempferol dirhamnoside-O-hexoside;
		Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside;
		Kaempferol dirhamnoside-O-pentoside;
		Kaempferol O-rhamnosyl-pentoside;
		Kaempferol O-rhamnosyl-glucuronide;
		Kaempferol (acyl)glucuronide-O-rhamnoside;
	Essential oil	α-terpinene;	*Onocha et al., 2011*Onocha AP, Ekundayo O, Eramo T, Laakso I. Essential oil constituents of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves from Nigeria. J Essent Oil Res. 2011;11(2):220-222.;
		p-cymene;
		Ascaridol;	Monzote et al., 2014;
		Carvacrol;
		Caryophyllene oxide;
	Sterols	Avenasterol;	Kokanova-Nedialkova et al., 2009;
	Sterols	Spinasterol;
	Terpenes	β-myrcene;
		Cis-β-ocimene;
		Nerol;
		Geraniol;
		Limonene;
		α-terpinene;
		α-terpinоlen;
		β-phellandrene;
		p-cymene;
		Trans-pinocarveol;
		α-terpineol;
		Isoascaridole;
		Dihydroascaridole;
		Cariophyllenepoxide;
		δ³ -carene;
		δ⁴ -carene;
		γ-curcumene;
		α-carotene;
		β-carotene;
Chenopodium album	Flavonoids	3-O-glycosides campherol; quercetin;	Khoobchandani et al., 2009;
	Flavonoids	Isoramnetin;	Khoobchandani et al., 2009;
	Phenolic acids	Gallic acid;	Sarma, Sarma, Sarma, 2008;
		Protocatechuic aldehyde;	Sarma, Sarma, Sarma, 2008;
		Vanillic acid;	*Laghari et al., 2011*Laghari AH, Memon S, Nelofar A, Khan KM, Yasmin A. Determination of free phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts obtained from fruits and leaves of Chenopodium album. Food Chem. 2011;126(4):1850-1855.;
		Caffeic acid;
		Syringic acid;
	Essential oil	p-cymene;	*Usman et al., 2010*Usman LA, Hamid AA, Muhammad NO, Olawore NO, Edewor TI, Saliu BK. Chemical constituents and anti- inflammatory activity of leaf essential oil of Nigerian grown Chenopodium album L. EXCLI J. 2010;9:181.;
		Ascaridole;
		Ethyl cinnamate;
		α-pinene;
		β-pinene;
		Limonene;
		Linalool;
		Pinan-2-ol;
		α-terpineol;
		Linalyl acetate
	Sterols	Sitosterol;	Kokanova-Nedialkova et al., 2009;
		Stigmasterol;
		Avenasterol;
		Spinasterol;
		20-hydroxyecdysone;
		Polypodine B;
		Poststerone;
		Ecdysteroid;
	Terpenes	Limonene;
		p-cymene;
		α-pinene;
		β-pinene;
		Cryptomeridiol;
		8-α-acetoxy;
		Apocarotenoids;
		Blumenol A;
		Racemic allenic ketones;
Chenopodium polyspermum	Flavonoids	Rutin;	Uslu et al., 2020;
		Quercetin;	Uslu et al., 2020;
		Procyanidin;	Dadáková et al., 2013
		Epicatechin;	Dadáková et al., 2013
	Essential oil	Limonene;	Dembitsky, Shkrob, Hanus, 2008;
		Ascaridol;
		Cymene;
		Camphor;
		Carene;	Acık et al., 2012;
		Histamine;
		Safrole;
		Saponin;
	Terpenes	β-myrcene;	Kokanova-Nedialkova et al., 2009;
		Limonene;
		α-terpinene;
		γ-isomer;
		p-cymene;
		Δ³-carene;
Chenopodium rubrum	Phenolic glycoside	Hydroxycinnamic acylglycosides;	Kokanova-Nedialkova et al., 2009;
	Essential oil	α-terpinene
	Essential oil	Ascaridole
	Sterols	Sitosterol;
		Stigmasterol;
		Campesterol;	Dembitsky, Shkrob, Hanus, 2008;
		Avenasterol;
		Spinasterol;
	Terpenes	Limonene;
		α-terpinene;
		β-Elemene;	Kokanova-Nedialkova et al., 2009;
		β-caryophyllene;
		β-selinene;
		δ³-carene;
	Aromatic cytokinins	6-[2-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)benzylamino]purine;
		6-[2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzylamino]-2-methylthiopurine;
		6-benzylamino-9-β-D- glucopyranosylpurine;
Chenopodium vulvaria	Essential oil	Ascaridole	Dembitsky, Shkrob, Hanus, 2008;
	Essential oil	α-terpinyl acetate	Dembitsky, Shkrob, Hanus, 2008;
	Terpenes	α-terpinene;	Kokanova-Nedialkova et al., 2009
		γ-isomer;
		α-terpinоlen;
		β pinene;
		Piperitone oxide;
Salicornia europaea	Flavonoids	Rutin;	*Jiang et al., 2012*Jiang D, Huang L, Lin Y, Nie L, Lv S, Kuang T, et al. Inhibitory effect of Salicornia europaea on the marine alga Skeletonema costatum. Sci China Life Sci. 2012;55(6): 551-558.;
	Flavonoids	Quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside;
	Phenolic acids	p-coumaric acid;	Panth et al., 2016;
	Phenolic acids	Trans-ferulic acid;	Panth et al., 2016;
Suaeda maritima	Phenolic acids	n-tetradecanyl dihydro caffeate;	Bilal, Hossain, 2019Bilal MAD, Hossain MA. Antibacterial activity of different crude extracts of Suaeda maritima used traditionally for the treatment of hepatitis. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2019;22:101383.;
		n-hexadecanyl dihydro caffeate;
		n-nonanyl-n-octadec-9-enoate;
Salsola soda	Flavonol glycosides	Quercetin trisaccharide;	Iannuzzi et al., 2020;
		Quercetin disaccharide;
		Quercetin 3-O- glucuronopyranoside;
		Rutin;
		Kaempferol glucuronide;
		Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside;
		Isorhamnetin 3-O- glucuronopyranoside;
		Saponin;
		Dihexosyl-pentosyl-glucuronosyl oleanolic acid;
		Momordin IId;
		Momordin IIc;

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

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[1] *Correspondence: N. Zlatić. Department of Biology and Ecology. Faculty of Science. University of Kragujevac. Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. Phone: +381-34-336223. E-mail: nenad.zlatic@pmf.kg.ac.rs.