Intralesional corticosteroid injection as an effective treatment method for oral lesions: a meta-analysis

Gholizadeh, Narges; Sadrzadeh-Afshar, Maryam-Sadat; Sheykhbahaei, Nafiseh

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902019000418077

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Review • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 56 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902019000418077 copy

Intralesional corticosteroid injection as an effective treatment method for oral lesions: a meta-analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) is known as one of the main methods used for treating a wide range of lesions. It also results in a high concentration of drugs at lesion sites, with minimal systemic absorption. Thus, this study aimed to provide a review of the intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) indications in the treatment of oral lesions. To this end; relevant key words were searched in the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and UpToDate in the present study. Accordingly, the results of a total number of 62 case reports or case series articles were used in this study and the positive therapeutic effects of intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) in 23 common oral lesions were reported. The most common type of intralesional steroid in the treatment of oral lesions was triamcinolone. No significant difference was also observed in terms of pain in patients following the use of steroid alone or in combination with anesthetic agents; moreover, the reported side effects of this method were exceptionally rare and transient. It was concluded that the intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) could be one of the effective therapeutic methods with no significant problems in many oral lesions such as inflammatory, immunologic, and vascular ones due to its higher therapeutic effects than other topical forms of steroids and fewer side effects than systemic corticosteroid.

Keywords:
Intralesional corticosteroid injection; Triamcinolone; Betamethasone; Oral lesions; Oral disorders; Steroid injection

Author & Year	Type of Lesion	Type of ISCI	Does of ISCI	Number of ISCI	Intervals of ISCI	Result of treatment	Follow up	Side effects
*Agha-Hosseini et al., 2016*Agha-Hosseini F, Sheykhbahaei N. A new approach to the management of caliber-persistent artery: A case report and analysis of previously reported cases. Int J Dermatol. 2016;55(1):11-6.	CPLA	Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL		3	2 w	Complete regression	6 m	none
Buckmiller, Francis, Glade, 2008Buckmiller LM, Francis CL, Glade RS. Intralesional steroid injection for proliferative parotid hemangiomas. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(1):81-7.	hemangiomas	Triamcinolone and betamethasone	40 and 6 mg/cm³	1-3	6-25 w (12 w)	11 lesions complete resolution	6 m	4 Patients failure to thrive
*Meeuwis et al., 1990*Meeuwis J, Bos C, Hoeve L, Van Der Voort E. Subglottic hemangiomas in infants: treatment with intralesional corticosteroid injection and intubation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1990;19(2):145-150.	hemangiomas	Methylprednisolone	20-40 mg	1-5		Complete regression .	6 m to5 y	Pneumonia, slight growth, acne Retardation, and fluffy Hair growt
Farmand, Kuttengerg, 1996Farmand M, Kuttenberger JJ. A new therapeutic concept for the treatment of cystic hygroma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;81(4):389-395.	lymphangioma	Triamcinolone (instilled through the suction drain)	10 mg/kg (30-160 mg)	1-2		completely disappeared in 1 case, residual tumor excised	1-4 y	None
Luo, Gan, 2013Luo Q-F, Gan Y-H. Pingyangmycin with triamcinolone acetonide effective for treatment of lymphatic malformations in the oral and maxillofacial region. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41(4):345-9.	lymphatic malformations	Triamcinolone acetonide (50 mg/5 mL) + Pingyangmycin 0.625 mg/mL	5 mL	8	2e4 weeks	pingyangmycin with triamcinolone was more effective than pingyangmycin alone	-	None
Parisi, Glick, Glick, 2006Parisi E, Glick P, Glick M. Recurrent intraoral pyogenic granuloma with satellitosis treated with corticosteroids. Oral Dis. 2006;12(1):70-72.	PG	Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL	(0.1 mL with 0.5 mL of 0.5% bupivicaine	6	1 & 2 inj weekly, and 4 inj bi-weekly	90% resolved	10 w	None
De La Rosa García, 2006De La Rosa-Garcia E, Bologna-Molina R, Vega-González M, De Jesus T. Graft-versus-host disease, an eight case report and literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11(6):E486-92.	PG	Triamcinolone	5 mg	3	-	complete resolution	-	none
*Adenis-Lamarre et al., 2009*Adenis-Lamarre E, Fricain J, Tabrizi R, Turlure P, Milpied N, Beylot-Barry M. Massive pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity during chronic graft-versus-host disease: treatment with local triamcinolone injection. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2009;136(11):818-20.	PG	Triamcinolone
*Dolanmaz et al., 2016*Dolanmaz D, Esen A, Mihmanlı A, Işık K. Management of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws with intralesional steroid injection and review of the literature. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;20(2):203-9.	CGCG	Triamcinolone + 0.5 % marcaine + epinephrine	3.5 mL	6	Weekly	4 complete resolution, 2 Partial recovery, 1 did not response	39 m	None
*Nogueira et al., 2010*Nogueira R, Teixeira R, Cavalcante R, Ribeiro R, Rabenhosrt S. Intralesional injection of triamcinolone hexacetonide as an alternative treatment for central giant-cell granuloma in 21 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39(12):1204-1210.	CGCG	Triamcinolone (20 mg/mL) + 2% lidocaine	0.1 mL/cm³	6	bweekly	15 complete resolution, 4 Partial recovery, 2 did not response	4-8 y	None
*Sezer et al., 2005*Sezer B, Koyuncu B, Gomel M, Gunbay T. Intralesional corticosteroid injection for central giant cell granuloma: a case report and review of the literature. Turk J Pediatr. 2005;47(1):75-81.	CGCG	Triamcinolone (10 mg/mL) + lidocaine 2%	4 mL	6	Weekly	complete resolution	3 Y	None
*Da Silva Sampieri et al., 2013*Da Silva Sampieri MB, Yaedú RYF, Santos PSS, Goncales ES, Santa’ana E, Consolaro A, Cardoso LB. Central giant cell granuloma: treatment with calcitonin, triamcinolone acetonide, and a cystic finding 3 years and 6 months after the primary treatment. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;17(3):229-34.	CGCG	Triamcinolone + Articaine	2 mL	6	Weekly	complete resolution	3 Y	None
Carlos, Sedano, 2002Carlos R, Sedano HO. Intralesional corticosteroids as an alternative treatment for central giant cell granuloma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;93(2):161-166.	CGCG	Triamcinolone (10 mg/mL, + Lidocaine 2% orBupivacaine 50%	3-6 mL	4-20	every 15 days- every 3 weeks	complete resolution	2-7 y	None
Haldar, 1976Haldar B. Cheilitis glandularis treated by injection of intralesional triamcinolone. Indian J Dermatol. 1976;21(3):53-4.	Cheilitis glandularis	Triamcinolone 1.5 mg/mL	2 to 3 mg in 10 to 15 Places	10	4 weekly and 2 biweekly, 2 monthly, 2 bimonthly	complete resolution	8 m	None
Sugaya, Migliari, 2018Sugaya N, Migliari D. Cheilitis glandularis of both lips: successful treatment with a combination of an intralesional steroid injection and tacrolimus ointment. Case Rep Dent. 2018;2018:9169208.	Cheilitis glandularis	10 mg triamcinolone suspension 0.1% tacrolimus ointment)		2	Monthly Twice daily, 2 w	completely resolving	1 y	None
Samiee, 2011Samiee A, Sabzerou D, Edalatpajouh F, Clark GT, Ram S. Temporomandibular joint injection with corticosteroid and local anesthetic for limited mouth opening. J Oral Sci. 2011;53(3):321-325.	TMD	Triamcinolone acetonide, 40 mg/mL	0/5 mL	1	-	reduced signs and symptoms	1 w	temporary facial palsy
*Stoll et al., 2012*Stoll ML, Good J, Sharpe T, Beukelman T, Young D, Waite PD, Cron RQ. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections to the temporomandibular joints are safe and appear to be effective therapy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(8):1802-1807.	TMD	Triamcinolone hexacetonide, 20 mg/mL	0/5-1 mL	1	-	reduced signs and symptoms	0.5 - 23 m	None
*Alstergren et al.,* 1996**Alstergren P, Appelgren A, Appelgren B, Kopp S, Lundeberg T, Theodorsson E. The effect on joint fluid concentration of neuropeptide Y by intraarticular injection of glucocorticoid in temporomandibular joint arthritis. Acta Odontol Scand. 1996;54(1):1-7.	TMD	methylprednisolone 40 mg/mL + lidocaine	0/5-0/7 mL	1	-	reduced signs and symptoms and NPY-LI	6 w	None
Bjørnland, Gjaerum, Møystad, 2007Bjørnland T, Gjaerum A, Møystad A. Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: an evaluation of the effects and complications of corticosteroid injection compared with injection with sodium hyaluronate. J Oral Rehabil. 2007;34(8):583-9.	TMD	Betamethasone sodium phosphate+ acetate	0/7-1 mL	2	Biweekly	reduce pain and improve function	6 m	Temporary pain after injections
*Lee et al., 2013*Lee S-H, Yoon H-J. Intralesional infiltration of corticosteroids in the treatment of localized Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible: report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;116(4):e255-60.	Langerhans cell histiocytosis	methylprednisolone, 40 mg/mL	3 mL	1	-	complete resolution	35 mo	None
Milián, 2001Milián MA, Bagán JV, Jiménez Y, Pérez A, Scully C, Antoniades D. Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis restricted to the oral mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;91(1):76-9.	Langerhans cell histiocytosis	Triamcinolone acetonide	25 mg	8	every 3 weeks	complete resolution	1 y	none
*Esen et al., 2010*Esen A, Dolanmaz D, Kalaycı A, Gunhan Ö, Avunduk MC. Treatment of localized Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis of the mandible with intralesional steroid injection: report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(2):e53-8.	Langerhans cell histiocytosis	methylprednisolone succinate (40 mg/mL)	2 mL	3	Every 4 month	Near-complete resolution	36 m	None
*Putters et al., 2005*Putters TF, De Visscher J, Van Veen A, Spijkervet F. Intralesional infiltration of corticosteroids in the treatment of localised langerhans’ cell histiocytosis of the mandible: Report of known cases and three new cases. Int J Oral And Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(5):571-575.	Langerhans cell histiocytosis	methylprednisolone succinate (40 mg/mL)	1-2 mL	1	-	complete resolution	9 y	None
Graham, Barret, Goltz, 1999Graham BS, Barrett TL, Goltz RW. Nodular fasciitis: response to intralesional corticosteroids. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40(3):490-492.	Nodular fasciitis	Triamcinolone acetonide (10mg/mL)	1.5 mL.	1	-	completeresolution	1 y	None
Kaplan, 2012Kaplan I, Alterman M, Kleinman S, Reiser V, Shuster A, Dagan Y, Shlomi B. The clinical, histologic, and treatment spectrum in necrotizing sialometaplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114(5):577-85.	necrotizing sialometaplasia	Dexamethasone+ 2% lidocaine	10 mg	1	-	The lesion got worsen.	1 w	None
*Keogh et al., 2004*Keogh P, O’regan E, Toner M, Flint S. Necrotizing sialometaplasia: an unusual bilateral presentation associated with antecedent anaesthesia and lack of response to intralesional steroids. Case report and review of the literature. Br Dent J. 2004;196(2):79-81.	necrotizing sialometaplasia	Triamcinolone	10 mg	3	Weekly	There was no difference in the rate of healing	1 m	None
*Picciani et al.,* 2010**Picciani BLS, Silva-Junior GO, Barbirato DS, Ramos RT, Cantisano MH. Regression of major recurrent aphthous ulcerations using a combination of intralesional corticosteroids and levamisole: a case report. Clinics. 2010;65(6):650-652.	RAS	Betamethasone dipropionate+ disodiumphosphate	5 mg/mL + 2 mg/mL	1	-	partial regression in first week. No recurrence in 6 months	6 m	None
*Ohbayashi et al., 2007*Ohbayashi Y, Imataki O, Higuchi A, Miyake M, Ohue Y, Ohnishi H. Topical steroid injection for refractory oral chronic graft-versus-host disease. [Rinsho ketsueki]. Jap J Clin Hematol. 2007;48(11):1508-1510.	GVHD	0.2% dexamethasone	0.5 mg/cm²	1	-	drastically improving	-	None
*De Oliveira et al., 2011*De Oliveira MA, Martins E Martins F, Wang Q, Sonis S, Demetri G, George S, Butrynski J, Treister NS. Clinical presentation and management of mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis. Oral oncol. 2011;47(10):998-1003.	mTOR inhibitor stomatitis	Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL (4 case clobetasol gel 0.05%	8 to 24 mg	1-9	biweekly	drastically improving	-	None
*Villa et al., 2015*Villa A, Aboalela A, Luskin KA, Cutler CS, Sonis ST, Woo SB, Peterson DE, Treister NS. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor-associated stomatitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients receiving sirolimus prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(3):503-508.	mTOR inhibitor stomatitis	Triamcinolone acetonide	-	1-4	Weekly (4-15d)	immediate symptomatic improvement, complete resolution 2 to 70 days	-	None
*Xia et al.,* 2006**Xia J, Li C, Hong Y, Yang L, Huang Y, Cheng B. Short-term clinical evaluation of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for ulcerative oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2006;35(6):327-331.	Ulcerative OLP	Triamcinolone (40 mg/mL	0/5 mL	1 and 2	biweek	Relief of sign & symptoms and reduction in size	4 week	None
*Lee et al., 2013*Lee YC, Shin SY, Kim SW, Eun YG. Intralesional injection versus mouth rinse of triamcinolone acetonide in oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;148(3):443-9.	OLP	(40 mg/mL) Triamcinolone acetonide	0.5 mL	5	4 weekly and 1 biweekly	significantly improve in pain and burning mouth	1 y	cushingoid features.
*Liu et al.,* 2013**Liu C, Xie B, Yang Y, Lin D, Wang C, Lin M, Ge L, Zhou H. Efficacy of intralesional betamethasone for erosive oral lichen planus and evaluation of recurrence: a randomized, controlled trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;116(5):584-90.	OLP	Betamethasone Triamcinolone	1.4 mg 8 mg	2	weekly	Betamethasone wes better than triamcinolone	3m	None
Borahan, Fisekcioglu, Alpay, 2014Borahan MO, Fisekcioglu E, Alpay MS. A complication after intralesional methylprednisolone acetate application to oral mucosa: A case report. Balk J Dent Med 2014;18:154-156.	Erosive OLP	Methylprednisolone acetate	0.1 cc	5	biweekly	significantly improvement		Abscess formation Mucosal atrophy
*Metwalli et al., 2018*Metwalli MI, Marei AM, Toama MA, Soliman MI, Fawzy MM. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid extract versus triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a comparative study. Egyptian J Dermatol Venerol. 2018;38(1):1-11.	OLP	Triamcinolone acetonide	20 mg/mL	2	weekly	significantly improvement but no statistically significant differences with BCG-PSN	2 w	2 case atrophy and persistent \ erythema
Tilakaratne, 2016Tilakaratne WM, Ekanayaka RP, Herath M, Jayasinghe RD, Sitheeque M, Amarasinghe H. Intralesional corticosteroids as a treatment for restricted mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;122(2):224-31.	OSF	Methylprednisolone	40 mg	6	monthly	improving mouth opening	1 y	None
Singh, 2014Singh D, Shashikanth MC, Misra N, Agrawal S. Lycopene and intralesional betamethasone injections in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2014;26(3):264-8.	OSF	Betamethasone Lycopene	4 mg	16	Twice weekly	Lycopene is better than betamethasone.	4 m	None
James, 2015James L, Shetty A, Rishi D, Abraham M. Management of oral submucous fibrosis with injection of hyaluronidase and dexamethasone in grade III oral submucous fibrosis: A retrospective study. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(8):82-5.	OSF	Dexamethasone+ Hyaluronidase + Lignocaine HCL	1.5 mL 1500 IU 0.5 mL	2	biweekly	Improvement in mouth opening Reduction in burning sensation and ulceration	9 m	None
Kumar, 2007Kumar A, Bagewadi A, Keluskar V, Singh M. Efficacy of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103(2):207-13.	OSF	Betamethasonee + Lycopene	2 1-mL ampules of 4 mg	4	biweekly	Mouth opening was increased more in steroid group.	6 m	None
Singh, 2010Singh M, Niranjan HS, Mehrotra R, Sharma D, Gupta SC. Efficacy of hydrocortisone acetate/hyaluronidase vs triamcinolone acetonide/hyaluronidase in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. ndian J Med Res. 2010;131:665-9.	OSF	Hydrocortisone acetate+ Hyaluronidase Triamcinolone+ Hyaluronidase	1.5 mL 1500 IU 10 mg 1500 IU	22 11	Weekl Biweekly	Biweekly injections was more convenient because of number of visits and cost	3 m	None
Nguyen, Ahmed, 2014Nguyen T, Ahmed AR. Pemphigus vulgaris localized to the tongue. J Dermatol Case Rep. 2014;8(2):55-57.	Pemphigus vulgaris	Triamcinolone acetonidein 2% xylocaine	10-15 mg	4	Every three weeks	lesions resolved within five to sevendays.	18 m	None
*Abbas et al.,* 2014**Abbas Z, Safaie Naraghi Z, Behrangi E. Pemphigus vulgaris presented with cheilitis. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2014;2014:147197.	Pemphigus vulgaris	Triamcinolone + 2gcellcept	10 mg/mL +daily	2		Resolving within 2 months.	1 year	None
*Mignogna et al., 2010*Mignogna M, Fortuna G, Leuci S, Adamo D, Dell’Aversana Orabona G, Ruoppo E. Adjuvant triamcinolone acetonide injections in oro-pharyngeal pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(10):1157-1165.	Pemphigus vulgaris	Triamcinolone acetonide	40 mg ⁄mL diluted 2 : 1 with saline (i.e. 25 mg ⁄mL) per four lesions	2-8	weekly	Reducing time of remission and total number of corticosteroids	5.3 years	Gingival pellets and Candidiasis
*Kalinska-Bienias et al., 2016*Kalinska-Bienias A, Kalowska M, Kwiek B, Jakubowska B, Ishii N, Hashimoto T, Kowalewski C, Wozniak K. Efficacy and safety of perilesional/intralesional triamcinolone injections in oral mucous membrane pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174(2):436-8.	MMP	Triamcinolone	0.3 - 2 mL per erosion	2- 18	-	remission	6-10 m	None
*Leroux et al., 2011*Leroux E, Valade D, Taifas I, Vicaut E, Chagnon M, Roos C, Ducros A. Suboccipital steroid injections for transitional treatment of patients with more than two cluster headache attacks per day: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(10):891-7.	Cluster headache	Cortivazol+ verapamil	3.75 mg in 1.5 mL	3	48-72 hours	Rapidly relief was seen in steroid group	3-11 m	None
*Gaul et al., 2016*Gaul C, Roguski J, Dresler T, Abbas H, Totzeck A, Görlinger K, Diener H-C, Weber R. Efficacy and safety of a single occipital nerve blockade in episodic and chronic cluster headache: A prospective observational study. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(9):873-880.	Cluster headache	Triamcinolone and bupivacaine	10 mg	1	-	Steroid ijectiois an easy, safe and effective	60 days	None
Sinha R, 2016Sinha R, Sarkar S, Khaitan T, Kabiraj A, Maji A. Nonsurgical management of oral mucocele by intralesional corticosteroid therapy. Int J Dent. 2016;2016:2896748.	Mucocele	Betamethason 4 mg/ mL	1 mL	2-4	weekly	18 case complete resolved, 2 case Reduced in size	6 m	Mild discomfort
*Mortazavi et al., 2017*Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Alirezaei S, Noor-Mohammadi R. Combination therapy in a large lower lip mucocele: a non-invasive recommended technique. Dental Hypotheses. 2014;5(3):127-29.	M ucocele	dexamethasone (8 mg/2 mL + silk sutures )		3	weekly	Complete healing	6 m	None
*Baharvand et al., 2014*Baharvand M, Sabounchi S, Mortazavi H. Treatment of labial mucocele by intralesional injection of dexamethasone: case series. J Dent Mater Tech. 2014;3(3):128-133.	Mucocele	8 mg/mL Dexamethasone	1 mL	3	weekly	7 case complete resolved 2 case Reduced in size	(6-20 m)	Mild discomfort
*Mignogna et al., 2004*Mignogna M, Fedele S, Russo LL, Adamo D, Satriano R. Effectiveness of small-volume, intralesional, delayed-release triamcinolone injections in orofacial granulomatosis: a pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(2):265-268.	orofacial granulomatosis	Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL	1 mL (4 mg)	2-3	weekly	lip swellingsettle in all patients with 3 recurrences	3-30 m	Hypopigmentation of the upper lip skin
Ravindran, Karunakaran, 2013Ravindran R, Karunakaran A. Idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis with varied clinical presentation. Case Rep Dent. 2013;2013:701749.	orofacial granulomatosis	Triamcinolone acetonide	-	2	biweekly	Improvement with no recurrences	1 y	None
*van der Waal et al., 2002*Van Der Waal RI, Schulten EA, Van Der Meij EH, Van De Scheur MR, Starink TM, Van Der Waal I. Cheilitis granulomatosa: overview of 13 patients with long-term follow-up-results of management. Int J Dermatol. 2002;41(4):225-229.	orofacial granulomatosis	Triamcinolone acetonide		Within 2-6 m	biweekly to monthly	Patients responded to ICSI.	8.2 y	None
*Yang et al., 2005*Yang JH, Lee UH, Jang SJ, Choi JC. Plasma cell cheilitis treated with intralesional injection of corticosteroids. J Dermatol. 2005;32(12):987-990.	Plasma Cell Cheilitis	Triamcinolone acetonide	5.0-4.0 mg/mL	2-4	biweekly	lesions healedcompletely	-	None
*Tseng et al., 2008*Tseng JP, Cheng CJ, Lee WR, Wang KH. Plasma-cell cheilitis: successful treatment with intralesional injections of corticosteroids. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34(2):174-177.	Plasma Cell Cheilitis	Triamcinolone acetonide (2.5 mg ⁄ mL ).	0.1 mL	2	biweekly	healedcompletely	1 y	None
*Kaur et al., 2001*Kaur C, Thami G, Sarkar R, Kanwar A. Plasma cell mucositis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15(6):566-7.	Plasma Cell Cheilitis	triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/mL		3	biweekly	healedcompletely	3 m	None
Ebrahimi, Nader, Kendall, 2016Ebrahimi A, Nader A, Kendall M. (389) Treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia caused by head and neck radiation with ultrasound guided trigeminal nerve block. J Pain. 2016;17(4):S72.	trigeminal neuralgia			2		excellent pain relief
Elshiek, Amr, 2016Elsheikh N, Amr YM. Calcitonin as an additive to local anesthetic and steroid injection using a modified coronoid approach in trigeminal neuralgia. Pain Physic. 2016;19(7):457-64.	trigeminal neuralgia	Methylprednisolone	40 mg	1	-	Calcitonin was better than steroid	2w to 12m	None
Hannon, 1983Hannon SM, Pickett AB, Frost JM. Foreign-body (silica) granuloma of the lip. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1983 Jul;41(7):470-2.	Foreign-body Granuloma	Triamcinolone diacetate	0.7 mL and 0.5 mL	2	biweekly	healed completely	6 w	None
*Anjomshoaa et al., 2013*Anjomshoaa I, Bulford LA, Dym H, Woo S.-B. Florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the hard palatal mucosa managed with intralesional steroids: a case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(7):1202-8.	Follicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia	Triamcinolone acetonide	40 mg in 1 mL	4	weekly	completely resolved .	7 m	none

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Correspondence: N. Sheykhbahaei. Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9128090967 / Fax: +98-2181633501. E-mail: dsheykhbahaei@gmail.com