Pharmaceutical Care Practice and Consequences on Quality of Life and Satisfaction of Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Paulo, Patrícia Trindade Costa; Medeiros, Palas Atenéia Dantas de; Azevedo, Paulo Roberto Medeiros de; Diniz, Rodrigo dos Santos; Egito, Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do; Araújo, Ivonete Batista de

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902022e19500

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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Article • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 58 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e19500 copy

Pharmaceutical Care Practice and Consequences on Quality of Life and Satisfaction of Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The pursuit of quality of life, which has become marked in recent years, has translated into important population health benefits. This study assessed the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who received pharmaceutical care, and their satisfaction with the service provided in community pharmacies. This single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial included 100 patients. The intervention group (N=47) received pharmaceutical care by a clinical pharmacist and the control group (N=42) received standard care. The Quality of Life Diabetes Questionnaire (DQOL) was used to measure all participants´ quality of life at study enrollment and six months later. Satisfaction of the participants in the intervention group was measured using a validated 14-items questionnaire. At the end of the study, participants in the intervention group had a statistically significant improvement in DQOL scores ( -0.62 x 1.57, p < 0.001) and were highly satisfied with the intervention (96% excellent satisfaction scores). Pharmaceutical care practice was associated with high satisfaction and increased quality of life scores in T2DM patients. These results underscore the important role of pharmacists to improve the health of diabetic patients.

Keywords:
Pharmaceutical Services; Diabetes Mellitus; Type 2; Quality of Life; Patient Satisfaction

Variable		Intervention Group (N=47)	Control Group (N=42)	P - Value
Male		20 (42.5%)	20 (47.6%)	0.632
Age (years)		56.9 (10.0)	59.6(9.0)	0.184
Time since last medical consultation (months)		4.4 (3.7)	5.7 (4.1)	0.116
Diabetes duration (years)		6.6 (6.8)	7.2 (6.6)	0.692
Family history of diabetes	Yes	38(80.9%)	38(90.5%)	0.199
Family history of diabetes	No	9(19.1%)	4(9.5%)	0.199
Access to health service	Public	31(66.0%)	25(59.5%)	0.531
	Private	11(23.4%)	5(11.9%)	0.158
	Both	5(10.6%)	12(28.6%)	0.032
Schooling		3(6.4%)	5(11.9%)	0.363
Incomplete elementary		12(25.5)	14(33.3%)	0.419
Complete elementary		2(4.3%)	3(7.2%)	0.555
Complete secondary		23(48.9%)	12 (28.6%)	0.050
Complete university		7(14.9%)	8(19.0%)	0.601
Income (number of minimum monthly wages)		4.1 (4.6)	3.7 (3.2)	0.621

Outcome	Intervention Group (N=47)		Control Group (N=42)		p (baseline)	p (change)
Outcome	Baseline*	Changes after 6 months**	Baseline*	Changes after 6 months**
General DQOL	2.26	-0.62	2.28	1.57	0.865	0.000
General DQOL	(0.48)	(-0.75 to -0.49)	(0.45)	(1.43 to 1.71)
Satisfaction domain	2.7	-0.88	2.61	1.33	0.563	0.000
Satisfaction domain	(0.6)	(-1.05 to -0.71)	(0.7)	(1.11 to 1.55)
Impact domain	2.22	-0.54	2.29	2.02	0.576	0.000
Impact domain	(0.6)	(-0.7 to 0.38)	(0.46)	(1.87 to 2.16)
Social and vocational concerns domain	1.46	-0.28	1.47	0.75	0.937	0.020
Social and vocational concerns domain	(0.64)	(-0.47 to 0.08)	(0.56)	(0.49 to 1.01)
Diabetes- related concerns domain	2.19	-0.65	2.38	1.89	0.315	0.000
Diabetes- related concerns domain	(0.88)	(-0.92 to 0.38)	(0.84)	(1.60 to 2.17)

ITEMS		FREQUENCY	F (%)	F (%)	F (%)	F (%)
ITEMS		(%) Never	Hardly Ever	Some times	Almost always	Always
1.	Does the pharmacist stay with you as long as necessary?	-	-	0.5%	0.5%	99%
2.	Does the pharmacist explain the possible side effects that new medication could cause?	-	-	-	-	100%
3.	If you have any doubts regarding the prescription, is there always a pharmacist available to help you?	1.5%	-	-	3.5%	95%
4.	Does the pharmacist know how to explain things in a clear way?	-	-	2%	-	98%
5.	Is the pharmacist not as detailed as he/she could be?	96%	-	2%	-	2%
6.	Does the pharmacist make sure you understood how to take the medication?	-	-	-	-	100%
7.	Does the pharmacist sometimes not stay with you long enough?	89%	-	4.5%	-	6.5%
8.	Is the pharmacist friendly with you?	-	-	-	-	100%
9.	Is the pharmacist a competent professional?	-	-	-	-	100%
10.	Do you have to wait long before seeing the pharmacist?	85%	4.5%	6.5%	2%	2%
11.	Is the pharmacist difficult to understand?	89%		7%	2%	2%
12.	Is the pharmacist sincerely interested in you as a person?	-	-	-	-	100%
13.	Are there many distractions (in the Pharmaceutical Care room) that prevent you from receiving good care?	94%	2%	-	2%	2%
14.	Are you satisfied with the care provided by the pharmacist?	-	-	-	-	100%

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

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[1] *Correspondence: P. T. C. Paulo. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Campina Grande, Brasil. Rua: Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes, 205, Apto 1102. Tambaú, João Pessoa PB, CEP: 58039-110, Brasil. Phone: 55(83) 999119972. E-mail: patriciatrindad@yahoo.com.br Rodrigo dos Santos Diniz ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-0447 Patrícia Trindade Costa Paulo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5348-3948