Use of medication and associated factors in adults living in Rio Branco, Acre. Use of medication in adults

Neves, Luana Christina Esteves das; Amaral, Thatiana Lameira Maciel; Amaral, Cledir de Araújo; Monteiro, Gina Torres Rego; Vasconcellos, Maurício Teixeira Leite de; Costa, Emmerson Corrêa Brasil da

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902022e19645

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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Article • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 58 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e19645 copy

Use of medication and associated factors in adults living in Rio Branco, Acre. Use of medication in adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

We analyzed use of medication and associated factors in adults aged 18-59 years living in Rio Branco, Acre. This is a cross-sectional and population-based study that used a probabilistic sample of the population from rural and urban areas of the city of Rio Branco, Acre. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals and associations were estimated by Poisson regression. This study found a 29.4% prevalence ratio of use of medication among individuals aged from 18 to 59 years (685 adults: 473 women and 212 men; producing estimates for 211,902 adults: 110,769 women and 101,133 men). After adjusted analysis, their use was associated with: age (50-59 years, PR: 2.36; 95%CI: 2.29-2.43); women (PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.23-1.27); up to elementary school (PR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.11-1.15); and poor or very poor self-rated health (PR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.43-1.51). The health conditions associated with use of medication were: number of comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes, insomnia, depression, number of health complaints and use of health services. The most frequently used drugs were those belonging to the following ATC categories: alimentary tract and metabolism, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and the musculoskeletal system.

Keywords:
Use of medication; Pharmacoepidemiology; Public health

	Therapeutic class	n	N	%
A	Alimentary tract and metabolism	88	22,341	10.5
	A02 - Drugs for acid related disorders	44	10,721	5.1
	A10 - Drugs used in diabetes	21	5,891	2.8
	A11 - Vitamins	26	6,939	3.3
C	Cardiovascular system	107	22,345	10.5
	C03 - Diuretics	46	9,482	4.5
	C07 - Beta blocking agents	24	5,697	2.7
	C09 - Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system	72	15,847	7.5
J	Antiinfectives for systemic use	23	6,361	3.0
	J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use	18	4,629	2.2
M	Musculoskeletal system	40	8,932	4.2
	M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products	31	7,055	3.3
N	Nervous system	68	18,540	8.7
	N02 - Analgesics	20	6,601	3.1
	N03 - Antiepileptics	30	8,113	3.8
	N06 - Psychoanaleptics	22	5,197	2.4

Variables	Medicine use						p-value	PR_Gross* (95%CI)
	Yes			No
	n	N	%	n	N	%
Age							<0.001
18-29	41	13,452	15	176	74,281	85		1
30-39	44	15,340	26	115	43,374	74		1.70 (1.66-1.75)
40-49	66	17,695	44	79	22,347	56		2.88 (2.81-2.96)
50-59	99	15,797	62	65	9,616	38		4.05 (3.95-4.16)
Sex							<0.001
Male	70	24,311	24	142	76,821	76		1
Female	180	37,973	34	293	72,796	66		1.43 (1.40-1.45)
Marital status							0.300
Married	120	29,431	31	196	65,548	69
Single	96	26,759	27	195	73,656	73
Others	33	5,884	38	41	9,500	62
Occupation							0.230
Yes	118	31,952	27	221	85,658	73
No	130	29,911	32	216	64,381	68
Color/Ethnicity							0.870
White	50	12,202	31	79	27,655	69
Brown	178	44,248	29	315	109,066	71
Others	22	5,835	31	41	12,896	69
Education^a							0.040
High school and higher education	91	23,210	24	201	72,622	76		1
Up to elementary school	155	37,979	34	224	74,266	66		1.40 (1.37-1.42)
Smoking^a							0.040
Nonsmoker	120	30,973	26	248	88,606	74		1
Smoker	45	11,487	28	92	29,150	72		1.09 (1.07-1.15)
Former smoker	83	19,241	38	92	31,144	62		1.47 (1.45-1.50)
Alcohol consumption^a							0.400
Yes	56	17,106	27	119	47,022	73
No	186	43,163	31	298	96,524	69
Practice of physical activity^a							0.020
Yes	54	16,081	23	126	54,433	77		1
No	194	45,770	33	308	94,440	67		1.43 (1.40-1.46)
Total	250	62,284	29.4	435	149,618	70.6

Variables	Drug use						p-value	PR_Gross* (95%CI)
	Yes			No
	n	N	%	n	N	%
BMI							0.001
Eutrophic (<25)	91	24792	29	165	60220	71		1
Overweight (25 to 29.9)	82	18967	26	161	53425	74		0.89 (0.88-0.91)
Obese (> or =30)	67	15572	42	74	21895	58		1.42 (1.39-1.46)
Number of morbidities							<0.001
None	26	7743	11	161	63325	89		1
1 or 2	96	25433	30	187	60683	70		2.71 (2.64-2.79)
3 or more	128	29109	53	87	25610	47		4.88 (4.75-5.02)
Morbidities
Cardiovascular diseases	23	6042	62	13	3705	38	<0.001	2.23 (2.15-2.30)
Respiratory diseases	42	9724	31	63	21913	69	0.770	-
Osteomuscular diseases	32	5351	71	10	2168	29	<0.001	2.56 (2.46-2.65)
Hypertension*	108	23548	60	59	15986	40	<0.001	2.58 (2.54-2.63)
Diabetes*	25	6854	66	9	3517	34	0.001	2.39 (2.33-2.45)
Dyslipidemia*	190	45805	32	301	96793	68	0.100	-
Insomnia*	96	23314	48	78	25541	52	<0.001	1.98 (1.94-2.02)
Depression*	43	10769	59	27	7524	41	<0.001	2.20 (2.14-2.25)
Number of complaints							<0.001
None	24	5215	14	84	31630	86		1
Up to 3 complaints	71	18413	26	152	52451	74		1.84 (1.78-1.90)
4 or more complaints	155	38657	37	199	65536	63		2.62 (2.54-2.71)
Health service use in the past 6 months							<0.001
No	66	16413	18	212	75290	82		1
Yes	180	44672	38	216	71401	62		2.15 (2.11-2.19)
Self-rated health							<0.001
Very good, good	62	15330	17	204	75553	83		1
Fair	122	31498	33	199	63935	67		1.96 (1.92-2.00)
Poor, very poor	66	15457	63	29	8937	37		3.76 (3.66-3.86)

Variables	PR_Adjust (95%CI) Model 01	PR_Adjust (95%CI) Model 02	PR_Adjust (95%CI) Model 03
Age
18-29	1	1	1
30-39	1.69(1.65-1.73)	1.76(1.71-1.80)	1.53(1.49-1.58)
40-49	2.88(2.81-2.95)	2.63(2.57-2.70)	2.16(2.10-2.22)
50-59	3.96(3.88-4.06)	3.46(3.37-3.55)	2.36(2.29-2.43)
Sex
Male	1	1	1
Female	1.34(1.31-1.36)	1.38(1.36-1.41)	1.25(1.23-1.27)
Education
High school and higher education	1	1	1
Up to elementary school	1.16(1.14-1.18)	1.08(1.06-1.10)	1.13(1.11-1.15)
Number of morbidities
None			1
1 or 2			1.65(1.61-1.70)
3 or more			1.87(1.80-1.93)
Morbidities
Hypertension			1.55(1.52-1.58)
Diabetes			1.56(1.52-1.60)
Insomnia			1.19(1.17-1.21)
Depression			1.19(1.16-1.22)
Number of complaints
None			1
Up to 3 complaints			1.28(1.23-1.32)
4 or more complaints			1.35(1.31-1.14)
Health service use in the past 6 months
No			1
Yes			1.72(1.68-1.75)
Self-rated health
Very good, good		1	1
Fair		1.67(1.64-1.71)	1.19(1.16-1.21)
Very poor, poor		2.68(2.61-2.74)	1.47(1.43-1.51)

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

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[1] *Correspondence: L. C. E. Neves. Pós-graduação em Ciência da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental. Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto. Universidade Federal do Acre. Rodovia BR 364, Km 04, 6637. 69915-900, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil. Phone: +55 68 99911-1511. E-mail: luanaesteves@yahoo.com.br. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2531-640X