Cross-cultural adaptation of the new Reynell developmental language scales to Brazilian Portuguese

Queiroz, Carla A.U. Fortunato; Isaac, Myriam de Lima; Hyppolito, Miguel Angelo

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101332

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Sumário

REVIEW ARTICLE • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 89 (6) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101332 copy

Cross-cultural adaptation of the new Reynell developmental language scales to Brazilian Portuguese

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of The New Reynell Developmental Language Scales (NRDLS) to Portuguese spoken in Brazil.

Method:

We followed the steps recommended in the manual Multilingual Toolkit da NRDLS: translation of the test, adaptation of items from the scales, and use of NRDLS in a pilot study with Brazilian children. It was included a back-translation and analysis by a group of specialists in the area that helped to review the adapted version. A quantitative descriptive analysis of results from the pilot group was performed, and we used a one-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

The Brazilian Portuguese version of the NRDLS seems very similar to the original NRDLS in terms of conceptual equivalence. The children understood well the translated and adapted words, and they had more difficulty in the last sessions. Some of the mistakes made by the children helped us to adapt specific items for a better evaluation of the abilities of Brazilian children.

Conclusion:

The suggestions in the Multilingual Toolkit, the input from the group of specialists, and the experience with the children in the pilot group helped the adaptation of the NRDLS to Brazilian Portuguese. The adapted version of NRDLS was effective, it reflected the gradual evolution of complexity in the scales. We suggest the application of the adapted version in a large group of children with normal development to validate it.

KEYWORDS
Child language; Translating; Transcultural study; Language tests

HIGHLIGHTS

The NRDLS evaluates the verbal comprehension and production of children up to 7 years.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the NRDLS was made for Portuguese spoken in Brazil.

The version adapted to Brazilian Portuguese was similar to the original NRDLS.

Original	Translation	Back-translation	Final version	Notes
Section A: Selecting objects	Seção A: Seleção de objetos	Section A: Objects Selection	Seção A: Seleção de objetos
Section B: Relating two objects	Seção B: Relação de dois objetos	Seção B: Relationship between two objects	Seção B: Relação de dois objetos
Item 39: Monkey washing Teddy with a mop.	Item 39: O macaco lavando o ursinho com uma vassoura.	Item 39: Monkey washing Teddy with a broom.	Item 39: O macaco lavando o ursinho com uma vassoura.	“Vassoura” was considered the best translation of mop to Brazilian Portuguese.
Item 44: Look, this man pulls a sledge and this man pulls a sledge. Show me the man who pulled the sledge.	Item 44: Olhe, este homem puxa o trenó e este homem puxa o trenó. Mostre para mim o homem que puxou o trenó.	Item 44: Look, this man pulls the sledge and this man pulls the sledge. Show me the man who pulled the sledge.	Item 44: Olhe, este homem puxa o trenó e este homem puxa o trenó. Mostre para mim o homem que puxou o trenó.	It was decided to use only the definite article “o” in the adapted version. The same happened in Item 46.
Item 45: Look, the girl brushes her hair and this girl brushes her hair. Show me the girl who brushed her hair.	Item 45: Olhe, esta menina escova o cabelo e esta menina escova o cabelo. Mostre para mim a menina que escovou o cabelo.	Item 45: Look, the girl brushes her hair and this girl brushes her hair. Show me the girl who brushed her hair.	Item 45: Olhe, esta menina escova (ou penteia) o cabelo e esta menina escova o cabelo. Mostre para mim a menina que escovou o cabelo.	In the back translation, the translator emphasized that the verb “to brush” can mean “escovar” or “pentear”.
Item 65: Who is too young to eat food here?	Item 65: Quem é pequeno demais para comer comida aqui?	Item 65: Who is too small to eat food here?	Item 65: Quem é pequeno demais para comer comida aqui?	“Pequeno” was chosen instead of “jovem”.
Item 69: Who might not be able to have any food?	Item 69: Quem poderá ficar sem comida?	Item 69: Who might be without food?	Item 69: Quem poderá ficar sem comida?	Translation and retro translation are divergent but have the same meaning.

Original	Traslation	Back-translation	Final version	Notes
Section B: Relating two objects	Seção B: Relação de dois objetos	Seção B: Relationship between two objects	Seção B: Relação de dois objetos
Items VI / VII: Now you say it.	Agora você repete...	Now you repeat...	Agora você repete...	“Diz” replaced by “repete” to make instructions clearer to the children.
Item XXI: In this picture the boy who is pulling the lady is wearing a hat. And in this picture the lady who is pulling the boy is wearing a hat.	Item XXI: Nesta figura o menino que está puxando a mulher está usando um boné. E nesta figura, a mulher que está puxando / puxa o menino, está usando / usa um chapéu.	Item XXI: In this picture the boy who is pulling the lady is wearing a baseball cap. And in this picture the lady who is pulling the boy is wearing a hat.	Item XXI: Nesta figura o menino que está puxando a mulher está usando um boné. E nesta figura, a mulher que está puxando / puxa o menino, está usando / usa um chapéu.	We kept “boné” because it matches the test figure. In the figure the boy is wearing a baseball cap and the woman is wearing a hat.
Item 51: In this picture, the girl who is skipping is wearing a hat.	Item 51: Nesta figura, a menina que está pulando está usando um chapéu.	Item 51: In this picture, the girl who is jumping is wearing a hat.	Item 51: Nesta figura, a menina que está pulando está usando um chapéu.	Both “skipping” and “jumping” means “pulando”.
Item XXV: The boy carries a box.	Item XXV: O menino carrega a caixa.	Item XXV: The boy carries the box.	Item XXV: O menino carrega uma caixa.	A mistake was made during translation, and it was corrected during retro translation. The correct translation for “a box” is “uma caixa”.

	Mean	Minimum	Maximum
Age (years/months)	7 y/6 m	6 y/11 m	7 y/11 m
Scores - Comprehension Scale (CS)	69	67	72
Scores - Production Scale (PS)	62	60	64

Section	CS (%)
	Mean	SD	Median	Min	Max
Ai ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Aii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Bi ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Bii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Ci ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Di ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Dii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
E ^{(^b)}	89.6	19.8	100.0	50.0	100.0
F ^{(^b)}	91.7	15.4	100.0	66.7	100.0
G ^{(^a, ^b)}	93.8	10.6	100.0	70.0	100.0
H ^{(^b)}	91.3	6.4	90.0	80.0	100.0
Total	96.4	2.7	96.5	93.1	100.0

Section	PS (%)
	Mean	SD	Median	Min	Max
A ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Bi ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Bii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Ci ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Di ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Dii ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
E ^{(^a)}	100.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
F ^{(^a)}	96.3	7.4	100.0	80.0	100.0
G ^{(^b)}	81.3	13.4	75.0	62.5	100.0
Total	96.7	1.9	96.9	93.8	100.0

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail:mahyppo@fmrp.usp.br (M. Angelo Hyppolito).