Removal and killing of multispecies endodontic biofilms by <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine

Choi, Young-Suk; Kim, Cheul; Moon, Ji-Hoi; Lee, Jin-Yong

doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.003

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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Sumário

Fungal and Bacterial Physiology, Short Communication • Braz. J. Microbiol. 49 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.003 copy

Removal and killing of multispecies endodontic biofilms by N-acetylcysteine

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Removal of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system is essential for the management of endodontic disease. Here we evaluated the antibacterial effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant and mucolytic agent, against mature multispecies endodontic biofilms consisting of Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis on sterile human dentin blocks. The biofilms were exposed to NAC (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL), saturated calcium hydroxide or 2% chlorhexidine solution for 7 days, then examined by scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm viability was measured by viable cell counts and ATP-bioluminescence assay. NAC showed greater efficacy in biofilm cell removal and killing than the other root canal medicaments. Furthermore, 100 mg/mL NAC disrupted the mature multispecies endodontic biofilms completely. These results demonstrate the potential use of NAC in root canal treatment.

Keywords:
Antibacterial; Biofilm removal; Multispecies endodontic biofilm; N-acetylcysteine; Root canal medicament

Medicaments	CFU/dentin block^a a Mean cell counts from three replicates, with standard deviations (SD) in parentheses.	% RLU^b b ATP-based luminescence quantification was assessed in at least three independent experiments and was expressed as the mean value (SD) percent relative light units (RLU) vs. saline-treated biofilms (control). The data were analyzed by use of 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Dunnett T3 as a post hoc test. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 22 statistical software (IBM SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).
Saline	16.3 (1.75) × 10⁷	100
NAC 25 mg/mL	8.3 (3.5)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control. ^, ^d d p < 0.05 vs. CH-treated biofilms. ^, ^e e p < 0.05 vs. CHX-treated biofilms.	0.49 (0.0)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control. ^, ^d d p < 0.05 vs. CH-treated biofilms. ^, ^e e p < 0.05 vs. CHX-treated biofilms.
NAC 50 mg/mL	5.0 (4.4)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control. ^, ^d d p < 0.05 vs. CH-treated biofilms. ^, ^e e p < 0.05 vs. CHX-treated biofilms.	0.05 (0.0)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control. ^, ^d d p < 0.05 vs. CH-treated biofilms. ^, ^e e p < 0.05 vs. CHX-treated biofilms.
NAC 100 mg/mL	0.0 (0.0)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control. ^, ^d d p < 0.05 vs. CH-treated biofilms. ^, ^e e p < 0.05 vs. CHX-treated biofilms.	0.00 (0.0)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control. ^, ^d d p < 0.05 vs. CH-treated biofilms. ^, ^e e p < 0.05 vs. CHX-treated biofilms.
2% CHX	76.7 (8.6)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control.	1.16 (0.0)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control.
Saturated CH	47.8 (4.3) × 10⁴ ^c c p < 0.01 vs. control.	7.98 (0.0)^c c p < 0.01 vs. control.

Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia USP - ICB III - Dep. de Microbiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP - Brasil, Ramal USP 7979, Tel. / Fax: (55 11) 3813-9647 ou 3037-7095 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjm@sbmicrobiologia.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding authors at: Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. E-mails: prudence75@khu.ac.kr (J. Moon), ljinyong@khu.ac.kr (J. Lee).