The relationships between fungal growth and ergosterol content and between aflatoxins B1 and B2 production and ergosterol content were verified in corn grains. In the first experiment, fungal growth and ergosterol content were monitored during incubation of corn grains presenting water activities of 0.85a w and 0.92a w at 25ºC over a period of 18 days. For the Taiúba variety, the fungi growth and ergosterol content increased more rapidly for 0.92a w than 0.85a w. Maximum ergosterol levels were 2.8 and 4.6 µg/g, respectively, for 0.85a w and 0.92a w. For the Cargill hybrid 606, a more pronounced increase in fungal growth was verified just at the end of the incubation period, mainly for 0.92a w when an acentuated increase in ergosterol content was also observed. Maximum ergosterol levels detected were 1.6 µg/g and 5.8 µg/g, respectively, for 0.85a w and 0.92a w. There was a significant correlation between ergosterol content and log of CFU g-1 for 0.92a w but not for 0.85 a w. In the second experiment, samples of corn grains of the Taiúba variety at 0.87a w and 0.95a w were inoculated with a toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain and incubated at 25ºC. Ergosterol levels reached maximum values of 12.1 and 73.4 µg/g, respectively, for 0.87a w and 0.95a w. In both water activities, content aflatoxin B1 followed the same trend as ergosterol. For the aflatoxin B2 this trend was not observed. Ergosterol assay appears to be a useful test to measure fungal growth and to indicate the possibility of aflatoxin production in corn grains.
corn grains; ergosterol; fungal growth; aflatoxins
