Kidney involvement in leishmaniasis — a
               review

Silva Junior, Geraldo Bezerra da; Barros, Elvino José Guardão; Daher, Elizabeth De Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2013.11.013

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Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Review Articles • Braz J Infect Dis 18 (4) • Jul-Aug 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2013.11.013 copy

Kidney involvement in leishmaniasis — a review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by insects of the genus Lutzomyia sp. or Phlebotomus sp. The main syndromes are cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. This article reviews kidney involvement in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, highlighting the aspects of their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, histopathological findings, outcome and treatment.

Visceral leishmaniasis; American cutaneous leishmaniasis; Kala-azar; Kidney disease

Reference	Number of cases	Age (years)	Sex	Immunosuppression	Kidney biopsy	Clinical presentation
Duarte et al. (1983)³⁷	21			No	Interstitial nephritis
Dutra et al. (1985)³⁸	7			No	Diffuse proliferative lesion	AKI Proteinuria
Caravaca et al. (1991)³⁹	1	33	M	No	Interstitial nephritis	AKI
Leblond et al. (1994)⁴⁰	1	16	F	No	Collapsing segmental and focal glomerular sclerosis	AKI Proteinuria
Chaigne et al. (2004)⁴¹	1	20	M	No	Necrotizing segmental and focal glomerular sclerosis	AKI Nephrotic syndrome
Kumar et al. (2004)³³	1	29	F	No	Membranoproliferative lesion	Fever
Navarro et al. (2006)³⁴	1	28	M	HIV	AA amyloid glomerular deposits, no mesangial hyperplasia	Nephrotic syndrome AKI
Efstratiadis et al. (2006)⁴²	1	65	M	No	Chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis, arteriolosclerosis	AKI
Lima Verde et al. (2007)³²	50	18-55	M (83%)	No	No	AKI (28%) Concentration defect (68%) Acidification defect (64%)
Alex et al. (2008)⁴³	1	32	F	HIV	Tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, mononuclear infiltrate, mesangial hyperplasia, peritubular Leishmania-loaded histiocytes	Nephrotic syndrome
Daher et al. (2008)⁴⁴	57	28 ± 18	M (74%)	No	No	AKI (26%)
Dettwiler et al. (2010)⁴⁵	1	69	M	Kidney transplant l	Moderate to severe lymphocyte, histiocyte and plasma cell interstitial infiltrates; Leishmania-loaded macrophages	Acute interstitial nephritis AKI
Oliveira et al. (2010)²⁹	224	15-84	M (77%)	No	No	AKI (34%)
Suankratay et al. (2010)⁴⁶	1	37	M	HIV	Membranoproliferative lesion	Nephritic/nephrotic syndrome
Daher et al. (2011)²⁶	14	18-64	M (57%)	No	No	Concentration defect (21%)

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[1] * Corresponding author at: Rua Vicente Linhares, 1198, 60135-270, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. E-mail addresses: geraldobezerrajr@yahoo.com.br (G.B. da Silva Junior), elvino.barros@gmail.com (E.J. Guardão Barros), ef.daher@uol.com.br (E. De Francesco Daher).