Soybean germplasm characterization for human consumption aptitude in Uruguay

Vera, Giuliana; Condón Priano, Federico; Vázquez, Daniel

doi:10.1590/1981-6723.04823

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Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Braz. J. Food Technol. 27 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.04823 copy

Soybean germplasm characterization for human consumption aptitude in Uruguay

Caracterização do germoplasma de soja com aptidão ao consumo humano no Uruguai

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a crop of world economic importance; and its grain constitutes a significant source of protein and carbohydrates for human consumption. This work aimed to characterize soybean genotypes available in Uruguay for human consumption regarding protein quantity and quality, carbohydrate composition and oil content in relation to yield, both in genetically modified and conventional genotypes. In this study, 13 genotypes grown in three different environments (two locations, two years), a conventional set (22 genotypes) and a genetically modified set (36 genotypes), grown in a single environment were subject to study. The traits measured were yield, total protein, oil content, soluble protein, glycinin (11S), conglycinin (7S), the 11S/7S ratio, soluble carbohydrates, sucrose and total raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). A significant environmental and genotype effect was detected for most of the parameters. The interaction between genotype and environment was significant for total protein, oil content and sucrose. Soluble protein and the 11S fraction were only affected by environment; soluble carbohydrates and the 7S fraction were only affected by genotype. It was possible to identify genotypes with good characteristics for human consumption (high total protein, sucrose, ratio 11S/7S and low oligosaccharides) across environments, both genetically modified and conventional genotypes. Variability was found among the genotypes available in Uruguay in the parameters studied.

Keywords:
Soybean; Soy foods; Genotypes of Uruguay; Soybean protein; Soybean carbohydrates; Soybean composition; Genotype variability; Environmental variability

HIGHLIGHTS

• Soybean genotypes in Uruguay showed variability in human consumption quality parameters

• Genotype, environment, and their interaction influenced key quality parameters

• Genotypes with a desirable combination of quality parameters were identified

Genotypes	GxE	CONV	GM	MG	Genotypes	GM	MG
DM 50i17 IPRO*	x	x	x	5.0	SJ13619*	x	5.8
NA 5009 RG*	x	x	x	5.0	SJ12395*	x	5.2
NA 5909 RG*	x	x	x	5.9	SJ12394*	x	5.2
GE 590 CI*	x	x	x	5.9	SJ14507*	x	6.6
NA 5509 RG*	x	x	x	5.5	SJ13616*	x	6.5
5958 RSF IPRO*	x	x	x	5.9	SJ13425*	x	6.8
62R63 RSF*	x	x	x	6.2	SJ13327*	x	6.7
DM 6.8i*	x	x	x	6.8	SJ12210*	x	6.6
DM 6.2i*	x	x	x	6.2	SJ13618*	x	6.5
5351 RSF*		x	x	5.3	SJ14502*	x	6.6
SJ13621	x	x		5.7	SJ13626*	x	5.5
SJ13623	x	x		5.9	SJ13371*	x	6.0
SJ13624	x	x		6.2	SJ14504*	x	5.9
SJ13625	x	x		6.2	SJ14490*	x	5.0
SJ14494		x		6.0	SJ13064*	x	5.0
SJ14497		x		4.9	SJ13615*	x	5.2
SJ14498		x		5.0	GENESIS 6201*	x	6.2
SJ14508		x		6.2	GENESIS 5601*	x	5.6
SJ14509		x		6.6	GENESIS 6301*	x	6.3
SJ14511		x		5.7	GENESIS 5602*	x	5.8
SJ14513		x		6.1	GENESIS 5501*	x	5.5
SJ14514		x		5.5	GENESIS 6602*	x	6.6
SJ13614*			x	5.9	GENESIS 5901*	x	5.9
SJ14505*			x	6.0	FS 59*	x	5.9

Parameters	LED20			LEN19			YON19
Parameters	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max
Yield (kg/ha)	4561	3581	5374	3898	2966	5846	3820	3000	5237
Oil (%)	20.5	20.1	21.2	20.1	19.2	20.8	21.2	20.6	22.3
Total protein (%)	41.5	40.2	43.8	41.1	39.6	43.6	39.1	37.8	40.9
Soluble protein (%)	22.9	21.7	23.9	24.1	22.7	26.1	22.4	20.3	23.6
7S (%)	6.5	5.2	7.2	6.8	6.1	7.5	6.7	5.7	7.4
11S (%)	16.4	15.3	17.7	17.3	15.9	19.0	15.7	14.4	16.9
11S/7S ratio	2.4	2.1	3.2	2.5	2.3	2.8	2.2	2.0	2.5
Sol. carb. (%)	9.5	8.8	10.0	9.6	9.1	9.9	9.4	9.1	10.0
Sucrose (%)	5.4	4.6	6.3	5.4	4.5	6.2	5.0	4.3	5.8
RFOs (%)	3.9	3.2	4.3	4.0	3.5	4.7	4.4	3.6	4.9

	Yield (kg/ha)	Oil (%)	Total protein (%)	Soluble protein (%)	7S (%)	11S (%)	11S/7S ratio	Sol. carb. (%)	Sucrose (%)	RFOs (%)
G	S	S	S	NS	S	NS	S	S	S	S
E	S	S	S	S	NS	S	S	NS	S	S
GxE	NS	S	S	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	S	NS
5958 RSF IPRO	5429 ^a	21.1 ^bc	40.8 ^abcd	22.2	6.1 ^cd	16.0	2.5 ^abc	9.1 ^d	5.1 ^fg	3.9 ^cd
DM 6.8i	4738 ^b	20.4 ^fg	41.7 ^a	23.2	7.0 ^ab	16.2	2.2 ^cd	9.7 ^ab	5.6 ^bcd	4.0 ^cd
62R63 RSF	4355 ^bc	20.5 ^ef	39.8 ^de	22.9	6.7 ^abc	16.2	2.3 ^bcd	9.8 ^ab	5.7 ^ab	4.0 ^cd
SJ13625	4179 ^bcd	20.3 ^fg	39.8 ^de	23.1	6.6 ^abc	16.5	2.4 ^abcd	9.2 ^d	4.6 ⁱ	4.5 ^a
NA 5509 RG	4125 ^cd	20.7 ^de	40.7 ^bcd	24.4	6.9 ^ab	17.4	2.2 ^cd	9.7 ^ab	5.7 ^abc	3.9 ^cd
DM 6.2i	4050 ^cde	20.8 ^bcd	40.7 ^bcd	23.4	6.9 ^ab	16.5	2.3 ^bcd	9.9 ^a	5.9 ^a	3.9 ^d
GE 590 CI	4031 ^cde	21.1 ^b	40.6 ^bcd	22.5	6.3 ^cd	16.2	2.5 ^abc	9.7 ^ab	5.4 ^cde	4.2 ^cd
NA 5909 RG	4010 ^cde	21.4 ^a	41.5 ^ab	23.3	6.9 ^ab	16.3	2.3 ^bcd	9.6 ^bc	5.3 ^def	4.2 ^bc
SJ13624	3976 ^cde	20.3 ^fg	39.6 ^e	23.0	6.8 ^abc	16.3	2.2 ^d	9.3 ^cd	4.8 ^hi	4.5 ^ab
SJ13623	3889 ^cde	20.2 ^g	41.3 ^abc	22.9	6.7 ^abc	16.2	2.3 ^bcd	9.2 ^d	4.7 ^hi	4.5 ^ab
DM 50i17 IPRO	3650 ^def	20.8 ^cde	40.4 ^cde	22.4	5.9 ^d	16.5	2.6 ^a	9.1 ^d	4.9 ^gh	4.1 ^cd
SJ13621	3510 ^ef	20.4 ^fg	39.4 ^e	23.1	6.4 ^bcd	16.7	2.5 ^ab	9.3 ^cd	5.8 ^ab	3.4 ^e
NA 5009 RG	3273 ^f	20.2 ^g	41.1 ^abc	23.9	7.0 ^a	16.8	2.4 ^abc	9.4 ^cd	5.2 ^ef	4.1 ^cd

	Oil (%)	Total protein (%)	Sucrose (%)
Environment	87	90	50
Genotype	10	7	38
GxE	2	3	4
Rep	1	0	8

Parameters	CONV			GM
Parameters	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max
Yield (kg/ha)	4524	3581	5374	4575	3744	5316
Oil (%)	20.8	20.1	21.9	20.8	19.7	22.1
Total protein (%)	41.4	39.5	43.8	40.3	37.2	42.9
Soluble protein (%)	22.9	21.7	23.9	23.6	21.0	25.4
7S (%)	6.5	5.2	7.2	6.8	5.8	8.4
11S (%)	16.3	15.0	17.7	16.8	14.4	18.1
11S/7S ratio	2.4	1.9	3.2	2.3	1.6	3.2
Soluble carbohydrates (%)	9.4	8.4	10.0	9.9	9.2	10.4
Sucrose (%)	5.4	4.6	6.3	5.9	4.8	6.9
RFOs (%)	3.9	3.2	4.3	4.0	3.3	4.7

	Yield (kg/ha)	Oil (%)	Total protein (%)	Soluble protein (%)	7S (%)	11S (%)	11S/7S ratio	Sol. carb. (%)	Sucrose (%)	RFOs (%)
G	S	S	S	NS	S	NS	S	S	S	S
DM 6.8i *	5374 ^a	20.2 ^ghi	41.0 ^fgh	23.0	7.1 ^abc	16.0	2.2 ^cde	9.9 ^a	6.3 ^a	3.5 ^def
SJ14494	5338 ^ab	20.4 ^fghi	41.8 ^cdefg	23.0	7.2 ^a	15.8	2.0 ^de	9.3 ^bcde	5.4 ^efg	3.7 ^abcdef
5958 RSF IPRO*	5204 ^abc	20.7 ^def	42.1 ^bcde	22.3	6.2 ^de	16.1	2.5 ^bcd	9.1 ^def	5.3 ^ghi	3.6 ^cdef
SJ14514	5104 ^abcd	21.2 ^bc	39.5 ^j	22.1	7.1 ^ab	14.9	1.9 ^e	9.1 ^de	5.4 ^fgh	3.7 ^cdef
SJ13623	5065 ^abcd	20.1 ⁱ	42.8 ^abc	22.9	6.3 ^cd	16.6	2.5 ^bcd	9.2 ^de	4.9 ^jk	4.1 ^abcd
62R63 RSF*	4785 ^abcde	20.4 ^fghi	40.3 ^hij	21.9	6.6 ^abcd	15.3	2.2 ^cde	9.8 ^abc	6.0 ^bc	3.8 ^abcde
SJ13625	4755 ^bcde	20.1 ⁱ	41.9 ^bcdef	22.8	6.1 ^de	16.7	2.6 ^bc	9.2 ^bcde	4.8 ^kl	4.3 ^a
NA 5509 RG*	4725 ^cde	21.1 ^bcd	40.9 ^ghi	23.6	7.2 ^a	16.4	2.1 ^de	9.9 ^ab	6.0 ^bc	3.8 ^abcde
SJ14511	4690 ^cdef	20.7 ^def	41.8 ^cdefg	23.9	6.8 ^abcd	17.1	2.4 ^bcde	9.5 ^abcd	5.6 ^de	3.9 ^abcde
SJ13624	4680 ^cdef	20.2 ^hi	42.9 ^ab	23.4	7.1 ^ab	16.3	2.0 ^de	9.0 ^def	4.9 ^jk	4.0 ^abcd
DM 6.2i*	4561 ^defg	20.6 ^efg	41.0 ^fgh	21.7	6.4 ^abcd	15.3	2.3 ^cde	10.0 ^a	6.1 ^ab	3.8 ^abcde
GE 590 CI*	4525 ^defgh	20.9 ^cde	40.6 ^hi	23.4	6.6 ^abcd	16.8	2.4 ^bcde	9.6 ^abcd	5.4 ^fgh	4.1 ^abc
SJ14498	4523 ^defgh	21.3 ^bc	41.7 ^defg	22.8	5.5 ^ef	17.3	2.8 ^ab	9.1 ^def	5.1 ^hij	3.9 ^abcde
SJ14497	4441 ^efghi	21.9 ^a	41.9 ^bcdef	23.3	6.4 ^abcd	16.8	2.3 ^bcde	8.4 ^f	5.1 ^ij	3.3 ^ef
DM 50i17 IRPO*	4112 ^fghij	21.3 ^bc	41.2 ^defgh	22.9	5.2 ^f	17.7	3.2 ^a	8.8 ^ef	4.6 ^l	4.1 ^abcd
5351 RSF*	4091 ^fghij	21.4 ^b	39.9 ^ij	22.8	6.3 ^cde	16.5	2.3 ^bcde	8.7 ^ef	4.6 ^l	4.0 ^abcd
NA 5909 RG*	4076 ^ghij	21.0 ^bcd	40.3 ^hij	22.8	6.6 ^abcd	16.1	2.2 ^cde	9.6 ^abcd	5.4 ^fgh	4.2 ^abc
SJ14513	4051 ^ghij	20.5 ^fgh	42.2 ^bcd	23.1	6.6 ^abcd	16.4	2.2 ^cde	9.2 ^cde	5.1 ^hij	4.0 ^abcd
SJ14509	4046 ^ghij	21.2 ^bc	41.2 ^defgh	21.8	6.4 ^bcd	15.4	2.3 ^cde	9.9 ^a	5.6 ^def	4.3 ^a
SJ14508	3955 ^hij	21.2 ^bc	41.0 ^fgh	22.8	7.1 ^ab	15.6	2.0 ^de	9.9 ^ab	5.7 ^de	4.1^abc
NA 5009 RG^*	3854 ^ij	20.4 ^fghi	41.1 ^efgh	23.2	6.5 ^abcd	16.7	2.4 ^bcde	9.6 ^abcd	5.3 ^ghi	4.2 ^ab
SJ13621	3581 ^j	20.1 ⁱ	43.8 ^a	23.9	6.3 ^cd	17.6	2.7 ^bc	9.1 ^def	5.8 ^cd	3.2 ^f

	Yield (kg/ha)		Oil (%)		Total protein (%)		Soluble protein (%)	7S (%)	11S (%)	11S/7S ratio	Sol. carb. (%)		Sucrose (%)		RFOs (%)
G	S		S		S		NS	NS	NS	NS	S		S		S
5958 RSF IPRO	5316	^a	20.6	^hijk	40.9	^cdef	21.0	7.6	16.3	1.6	9.7	^abcdef	5.7	^fghij	4.0	^defghijk
FS 59	5236	^ab	20.4	^ijk	40.4	^cdefghij	24.6	7.3	17.3	2.4	10.0	^abc	5.5	^ghijk	4.4	^abcdef
62R63 RSF	5125	^abc	20.3	^ijk	40.5	^cdefghi	23.1	6.0	17.0	3.0	10.1	^abc	6.2	^bcdef	3.8	^hijkl
NA 5909 RG	5067	^abcd	20.8	^fghi	40.1	^efghij	23.7	6.7	17.0	2.5	10.0	^abc	6.0	^bcdefghi	3.9	^efghijkl
GENESIS 5501	4994	^abcde	21.4	^bcde	39.5	^ijk	24.1	7.5	16.6	1.9	10.4	^a	6.4	^abc	3.9	^ghijkl
SJ14504	4993	^abcde	20.4	^ijk	42.3	^ab	23.4	7.9	15.6	1.8	9.2	^ef	5.1	^klm	4.1	^bcdefghij
DM 6.8i	4991	^abcde	20.3	^ijk	40.5	^cdefghij	21.0	6.6	14.4	2.3	9.9	^abcde	6.6	^ab	3.3	^m
SJ14505	4916	^abcdef	20.7	^ghijk	40.8	^cdef	23.3	7.0	15.6	2.1	10.0	^abc	6.0	^bcdefghi	3.9	^fghijkl
SJ13619	4833	^abcdefg	20.6	^hijk	41.3	^cd	23.9	6.3	17.6	2.7	10.2	^ab	6.9	^a	3.3	^m
SJ14502	4803	^abcdfgh	20.3	^ijk	42.9	^a	25.4	8.4	17.1	1.9	9.2	^f	5.4	^jkl	3.8	^ijkl
SJ13614	4792	^abcdefgh	20.2	^jk	41.3	^bc	23.8	6.6	17.2	2.6	9.8	^abcdef	5.6	^ghij	4.1	^cdefghij
GENESIS 5901	4777	^abcdefgh	21.4	^cde	38.4	^l	24.2	6.3	17.9	2.8	10.4	^a	6.4	^abc	3.9	^fghijkl
GENESIS 6201	4758	^abcdefghi	20.4	^ijk	39.9	^fghijk	23.0	7.3	15.9	1.9	9.9	^abcdef	5.5	^hijk	4.3	^abcdefg
SJ13064	4720	^abcdefghij	20.9	^efghi	39.2	^jkl	23.2	6.4	16.8	2.4	10.2	^abc	5.9	^bcdefghij	4.1	^abcdefghij
SJ13615	4698	^bcdfghij	20.5	^ijk	41.4	^bc	23.3	6.5	16.7	2.4	10.3	^ab	5.8	^efghij	4.4	^abcd
SJ14490	4638	^bcdefghij	21.7	^abc	39.6	^ghijk	23.7	6.8	16.9	2.4	10.2	^abc	6.0	^bcdefgh	4.0	^cdefghij
NA 5509 RG	4623	^bcdefghij	20.8	^fghi	39.6	^hijk	23.8	5.8	17.9	3.2	10.2	^abc	6.1	^bcdefg	4.0	^defghijk
GENESIS 5602	4595	^cdefghij	21.3	^cde	39.5	^ijk	24.0	7.0	17.0	2.2	9.8	^abcdef	5.4	^jkl	4.4	^abcde
SJ13327	4529	^cdefghijk	21.0	^efgh	40.0	^efghij	22.5	6.8	15.7	1.9	10.3	^ab	6.4	^abc	3.8	^hijkl
GENESIS 6602	4524	^cdefghijk	20.4	^ijk	40.2	^defghij	23.4	7.4	15.9	1.8	9.9	^abcd	5.9	^cdefghij	4.0	^defghijk
SJ12210	4519	^cdfghijk	19.7	^l	41.3	^bc	24.3	6.2	18.0	2.7	9.9	^abcd	6.3	^bcde	3.6	^jklm
GE 590 CI	4517	^cdefghijkl	21.2	^def	39.2	^jkl	24.3	6.4	17.9	2.8	9.7	^bcdef	5.4	^jkl	4.2	^abcdefghi
SJ13618	4479	^defghijkl	20.2	^kl	42.5	^a	25.2	7.3	17. 9	2.5	9.8	^abcdef	5.8	^efghij	4.0	^defghijkl
SJ14507	4445	^efghijkl	20.8	^fghi	40.6	^cdefgh	23.2	6.4	16.7	2.7	10.1	^abc	6.0	^bcdefghi	4.0	^defghijk
DM 50i17 IPRO	4412	^efghijkl	21.7	^abc	40.1	^efghij	23.7	6.9	16.8	2.2	9.3	^def	4.9	^lm	4.4	^abcdef
SJ13626	4383	^efghijkl	21.0	^efgh	39.7	^ghijk	22.8	6.2	16.6	1.9	9.9	^abcdef	6.2	^bcdef	3.6	^klm
GENESIS 5601	4368	^fghijkl	21.2	^defg	40.5	^cdefghij	22.4	6.0	16.4	2.7	9.5	^cdef	5.7	^efghij	3.7	^jklm
DM 6.2i	4300	^ghijklm	20.7	^fghij	40.1	^efghij	23.4	6.7	16.7	2.5	10.3	^ab	6.4	^abcd	3.8	^hijkl
GENESIS 6301	4252	^ghijklm	21.5	^bcde	38.9	^kl	23.0	6.5	16.6	2.3	10.1	^abc	5.8	^defghij	4.2	^abcdefghi
SJ12394	4211	^hijklm	22.1	^a	37.2	^m	24.7	7.6	17.0	1.9	9.9	^abcd	5.6	^ghij	4.2	^abcdefgh
SJ13616	4155	^ijklm	19.7	l	41.1	^cde	23.3	6.1	17.2	2.9	10.0	^abc	6.1	^bcdefg	3.9	^ghijkl
SJ12395	4115	^jklm	21.7	^abcd	39.2	^jkl	23.7	6.6	17.1	2.4	10.4	^a	5.8	^defghij	4.5	^abc
SJ13371	4025	^jklm	20.5	^hijk	40.7	^cdefg	23.9	7.3	16.6	1.9	9.5	^cdef	5.6	^fghij	3.8	^hijkl
SJ13425	3957	^klm	20.7	^fghij	40.7	^cdefg	22.3	6.3	16.1	2.4	9.4	^cdef	5.8	^defghij	3.5	^lm
5351 RSF	3903	^lm	21.9	^ab	38.2	^lm	22.5	6.9	15.6	1.9	9.5	^cdef	4.8	^m	4.7	^a
NA 5009 RG	3744	^m	20.8	^fghi	40.4	^cdefghij	24.2	6.4	17.8	2.6	10.1	^abc	5.5	^ijk	4.5	^ab

	GxE			CONV	GM
	LED20	LEN19	YON19	CONV	GM
Total protein/oil	-0.60^* * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Sol. carb.: Soluble carbohydrates. GxE: Genotype x Environment interaction; CONV: conventional; GM: genetically modified.	-0.56*	-0.36	-0.48*	-0.78**
Total protein/sol. carb.	-0.67*	-0.03	-0.56*	-0.32	-0.34*
Total protein/11S	0.47	0.30	0.16	0.50*	0.01
Total protein/7S	-0.12	0.60*	-0.23	-0.16	0.22
Total protein/ 11S/7S ratio	0.26	0.44	0.22	0.31	0.05
Total protein/soluble protein	0.44	0.43	0.02	0.48*	0.16
Soluble protein/11S	0.72**	0.96**	0.82**	0.72**	0.75**
Soluble protein/7S	0.23	0.71**	0.75**	0.15	0.42*
Sucrose/RFOs	-0.65*	-0.91**	-0.71**	-0.36	-0.70**

Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL Av. Brasil, 2880, 13070-178 Campinas - SP / Brasil, Tel 55 19 3743-1762 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjftsec@ital.sp.gov.br

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[1] *Corresponding Author: Daniel Vázquez, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Agroalimentos, Ruta 50, km 11.500, 70000, La Estanzuela/Colonia - Uruguay, e-mail: dvazquez@inia.org.uy