Abstract
Pasteurization is a very important step for eliminating pathogens in milk and keeping the food-safe, the control of this process is fundamental from the point of view of food safety. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the applicability and sensitivity of the alkaline phosphatase detection procedures in bovine, buffalo, and goat milk, experimentally pasteurized and defrauded with raw milk aliquots. The milk was pasteurized and added raw milk in the following percentages: 0.1%; 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; 1%; 3%; 5% and 7%, 10%, 50%, besides the adoption of the controls: negative (pasteurized milk) and positive (raw milk). The methods used were: the official methodology of the Brazilian legislation, colorimetric strips, and a reagent kit. The results showed that in the tests performed with buffalo milk, there was a slight reaction when using the reagent kit and the colorimetric strips, while the methodology according to the legislation was inefficient. For goat milk, the enzyme was not detected in the milk samples tested by any of the adopted methodologies. For bovine milk, the most sensitive procedure to detect minimal portions of raw milk was the Brazilian legislation. The methodology of the Brazilian legislation is the one with the highest sensitivity to acknowledge the presence of alkaline phosphatase in bovine milk and the procedures for the control of pasteurization in bovine milk do not have the same efficacy for buffalo and goat milk that, in both it is necessary to be optimized.
Keywords:
Pasteurization; Quality control; Food safety; Fraud; Physical-chemical methods; Dairy