The thermostable proteolytic enzymes produced by the genus Bacillus are commercially very important, being predominantly applied (35%) in detergents. In this work the production of proteases by a thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 using low-cost substrates was evaluated. In order to assess the use of the protease for industrial use, the stability of the enzyme activity at different pH values and temperatures was also studied. The protease activity secreted by Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 in submerged cultures containing 0.5% (w/v) apple pectin, 0.1% (w/v) whey protein concentrate and 0.3% (w/v) corn steep liquor reached a maximum after 24 h, with levels of 54.3 U.mg-1 protein. A reduction in the pectin concentration to 0.3% (w/v) and increase in the whey protein levels to 0.3% (w/v) in the culture medium improved the protease production, which reached a maximum after 30 h, with levels of 72.2 U.mg-1 protein. Studies on the characterization of the protein revealed that the most important kinetic properties of the enzyme were the high optimal temperature (70 °C) and high stability in a very broad pH range. The protease retained about 80% of its original activity when incubated at room temperature for 2 h in a pH range between 6.0 - 12.0. These properties represent important advantages for the possible use of the enzyme in detergent industries.
Proteases; Bacillus sp.; Thermophilic bacterium; Detergents
