INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF <i>Spirulina</i> sp. LEB 18

Uebel, Lívia da S.; Costa, Jorge A. V.; Olson, Adriana C.; Morais, Michele G. de

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20180361s20170284

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Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Bioprocess Engineering • Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 36 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20180361s20170284 copy

INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF Spirulina sp. LEB 18

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Biorefineries based on microalgae produce biofuels and co-products with added value. Microalgae mainly require water, carbon dioxide and sunlight for growth. The bioproducts of the cultivation of these microorganisms can be fully used in a microalgae photobiorefinery. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of physico-chemical variables and kinetic and biological responses in industrial cultivation of Spirulina sp. LEB 18, aiming at the operation of a microalgal photobiorefinery. The maximum specific growth rate (0.133 1/d), the minimum generation time (5.2 d) and maximum productivity (14.9 g/m².d) were obtained in the first 9 d of microalgae growth. The maximum biomass concentration (1.64 g/L) was obtained in 37 d of cultivation. The highest levels of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the biomass were 10.6, 57.0 and 11.7%, respectively. The plant monitoring demonstrated that the microalgae produced biomass with high quality for application as biofuels, energy, health and nutrition human.

Key words:
Cultivation; Microalgae; Nutrients; Raceway

Growth cycle	Number of days of growth	µ (1/d)	tg (d)	P (g/m².d)
1	9	0.133i	5.2a	14.9d
2	15	0.044^cd	15.8^ab	3.3^c
3	23	0.096^h	7.2^ab	0.2^ab
4	30	0.015^a	45.4^c	0.5^b
5	4	0.018^a	42.1^c	0.4^ab
6	11	0.036^bc	19.3^b	0.4^ab
7	5	0.057^fg	12.1^ab	0.3^ab
8	6	0.062^g	11.2^ab	0.3^ab
9	5	0.047^de	14.7^ab	0.3^ab
10	6	0.050^def	13.8^ab	0.3^ab
11	8	0.036^b	19.6^b	0.3^ab
12	6	0.060^g	11.6^ab	0.2^a
13	6	0.056^fg	12.4^ab	0.2^a
14	5	0.062^g	11.1^ab	0.2^a
15	7	0.063^g	11.0^ab	0.3^ab
16	6	0.056^fg	12.4^ab	0.3^ab
17	7	0.052^ef	13.4^ab	0.2^ab

Cultivation time in biomass collection (d)	Carbohydrates	Proteins	Moisture	Ashes	Lipids
Cultivation time in biomass collection (d)	(%)
80	6.4 ± 1.2^b	53.8 ± 6.4^a	7.0 ± 0.5^c	10.7 ± 0.1^a	11.1 ± 0.8^a
190	10.1 ± 0.9^a	50.4 ± 4.2^a	6.0 ± 0.1^b	23.5 ± 0.1^c	11.7 ± 0.8^a
250	10.6 ± 0.9^a	57.0 ± 1.5^a	4.4 ± 0.3^a	16.1 ± 0.3^b	10.5 ± 0.4^a

Fatty acid (%)		Cultivation time in biomass collection (d)
Fatty acid (%)		80	190	250
Lauric	C12:0	*	0.03	*
Tridecanoic	C13:0	0.22	*	*
Myristic	C14:0	6.94	3.79	6.13
Myristoleic	C14:1	0.10	2.34	0.27
Pentadecanoic	C15:0	0.04	0.05	0.05
10-pentadecenoic	C15:1	0.04	0.29	0.05
Palmitic	C16:0	5.52	17.59	6.40
Palmitoleic	C16:1	42.61	28.79	38.64
Heptadecanoic	C17:0	0.12	0.13	0.11
Heptadenoic	C17:1	0.12	0.11	0.14
Stearic	C18:0	24.48	15.18	25.25
Oleic	C18:1n9c	16.75	11.10	17.65
Elaidico	C18:1n9t	0.61	1.14	0.67
Linoleic	C18:2n6c	0.92	1.02	1.35
Linolelaidic	C18:2n6t	*	1.76	*
γ-linolenic	C18:3n6	*	*	*
α-linolenic	C18:3n3	0.93	1.04	1.34
Eicosanoic	C20:0	0.05	6.08	0.61
Gondoico	C20:1n9	0.02	8.26	0.62
11,14-eicosadienoic acid	C20:2	0.29	0.18	0.37
Dihomo-γ-linoleic	C20:3n6	0.28	0.22	0.33
Henecosanoic	C21:0	0.03	0.01	0.04
Eicosatrienoic	C20:3n3	0.05	0.01	*
Arachidonic	C20:4n6	0.10	0.03	0.06
Eicosapentaenoic	C20:5n3	*	0.13	0.09
Behenic	C22:0	*	0.72	0.08
Tricosanoic	C23:0	*	*	*
Nervonic	C24:1n9	*	0.17	*

Amino acid	g amino acid/100 g protein			FAO/ WHO (1991)	g amino acid/g biomass			Morais et al. (2009)
	Cultivation time in biomass collection (d)				Cultivation time in biomass collection (d)
	80	190	250		80	190	250
Aspartic acid	42.13	12.23	64.42		24.89	14.99	22.20	9.20
Threonine	14.22	7.96	16.64	0.90	8.40	9.76	5.73	4.87
Serine	0.23	0.06	0.52		0.13	0.07	0.18	4.31
Glutamic acid	0.84	< LQ	4.63		0.50	< LQ	1.60	10.70
Proline	2.80	2.95	6.22		1.65	3.61	2.14	4.04
Glycine	3.85	2.66	3.94		2.28	3.26	1.36	5.17
Alanine	0.72	0.57	0.57		0.42	0.69	0.20	6.51
Cysteine	1.82	< LQ	3.69		1.07	< LQ	1.27	0.47
Valine	0.10	0.59	1.69	1.30	0.06	0.72	0.58	4.61
Methionine	2.75	1.44	3.41	1.70	1.62	1.76	1.18	1.64
Isoleucine	12.24	7.30	13.67	1.30	7.23	8.95	4.71	4.36
Leucine	3.31	1.72	3.54	1.90	1.95	2.11	1.22	8.02
Tyrosine	2.72	0.03	2.28		1.61	0.04	0.78	3.20
Phenylalanine	0.94	0.92	1.51	1.90	0.56	1.13	0.52	5.75
Histidine	0.08	0.03	0.05	1.10	0.05	0.04	0.02	2.72
Lysine	0.91	0.96	1.43	1.60	0.54	1.17	0.49	2.95
Arginine	1.40	1.71	37.21		0.83	2.10	12.82	4.94

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[1] Corresponding author: Michele G. de Morais - E-mail: michele.morais@pq.cnpq.br