The optimization problem of a fed-batch alcoholic fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis, solved using Pontryagin's maximum principle and the singular control theory, is used to discuss the main challenges that usually arise during the implementation of optimal strategies. For each problem a practical solution is proposed. In order to solve the optimization problem, a hybrid neural model is developed using experimental data from batch and fed-batch fermentations. The calculated optimal solution is experimentally implemented in open-loop scheme.
optimization; fed-batch processes; control theory
