A simulation study about the impact of biodiesel use on the atmosphere of Rio de Janeiro city

Oliveira, R. C. G.; Cunha, C. L.; Corrêa, S. M.; Torres, A. R.; Lima, E. R. A.

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150729

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Environmental Engineering • Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 34 (3) • July 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150729 copy

A simulation study about the impact of biodiesel use on the atmosphere of Rio de Janeiro city

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of biofuels on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro using an air quality model based on the trajectory model OZIPR associated with the SAPRC chemical model. The results show that the increase in biodiesel use reduces ozone levels in the atmosphere by 10.2 %, using Biodiesel with Ethanol and Diesel mixture (BE-Diesel), in 5.28 %, using B20 mixture and only 0.33 % using B10. An increase was observed in NOx emissions of 5.66 and 2.83 % for BE-Diesel mixture and B20, respectively. The low ozone levels are attributed to its consumption by NO. The CO concentration reductions for BE-Diesel, B20 and B10 were 13.11, 6.56 and 4.12 %, respectively. The presence of oxygen atoms within the biodiesel chain leads to a better combustion process, reducing CO emissions.

Keywords:
Modeling; Simulation; Biofuels; Air quality

Pollutant	Fixed	Mobile	Total
Pollutant	kt year^-1
PM₁₀	10.6	7.8	18.4
SO₂	55.8	7.5	63.3
NO_x	30.3	60.2	90.5
CO	6.3	314.7	321
HC	25.9	53.4	79.3

Vehicles	CO (%)	HC (%)	NOx (%)
light vehicles	57.95	61.10	11.99
light commercial (diesel)	0.40	0.57	3.67
trucks + buses	8.36	12.04	81.54
others	6.80	7.14	1.39
motorcycles	26.49	19.15	1.41
total	100	100	100

Source	Emissions (%)			Blend (%)
Source	CO	NOx	HC	biodiesel	ethanol	vehicle
U.S.EPA (2002)	-11.00	2.00	-21.00	20	-	heavy
Shi et al. (2006Shi, X., Xiaobing, P., Yujing, M., Hong, H., Shijin, S., Jianxin, W., Hu, C., Rulong, L., Emission reduction potential of using ethanol-biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on a heavy-duty diesel engine. Atmospheric Environment , 40, 2567 (2006).)	0.00	11.40	-4.20	20	5	heavy
Yanowitz and McCormick (2009Yanowitz, J., McCormick, R.L., Effect of biodiesel blends on North American heavy-duty diesel engine emissions. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 111, 763 (2009).)	-10.10	2.00	-21.10	20	-	heavy
Hoekman et al. (2009Hoekman, S.K., Gertler, A., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Investigation of biodistillates as potential blendstocks for transportation fuels CRC project No. AVFL-17, Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (2009).)	-18.70	-0.60	-21.00	20	-	heavy
Hoekman et al. (2009Hoekman, S.K., Gertler, A., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Investigation of biodistillates as potential blendstocks for transportation fuels CRC project No. AVFL-17, Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (2009).)	-10.40	10.80	-17.40	20	-	light
Karavalakis et al. (2009Karavalakis, G., Alvanou, F., Stornas, S., Bakeas, E., Regulated and unregulated emissions of a light duty vehicle operated on diesel/palm-based methyl ester blends over NEDC and a non-legislated driving cycle. Fuel, 88, 1078 (2009).)	11.78	13.70	0.00	20	-	light
Anderson (2012Anderson, L.G., Effects of biodiesel fuels use on vehicle emissions. Journal of Sustainable Energy Environment, 3, 35 (2012).)	-0.70	1.10	-1.60	5	-	light
Anderson (2012Anderson, L.G., Effects of biodiesel fuels use on vehicle emissions. Journal of Sustainable Energy Environment, 3, 35 (2012).)	2.70	5.10	4.20	10	-	light
Anderson (2012Anderson, L.G., Effects of biodiesel fuels use on vehicle emissions. Journal of Sustainable Energy Environment, 3, 35 (2012).)	-4.10	3.50	-5.70	20	-	heavy
Kalam et al.a(2011Kalam, M.A., Masjuki, H.H., Jayed, M.H., Liaquat, A.M., Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil. Energy, 36, 397 (2011).)	-21.00	2.00	-17.00	5	-	light
Kalam et al.b(2011Kalam, M.A., Masjuki, H.H., Jayed, M.H., Liaquat, A.M., Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil. Energy, 36, 397 (2011).)	-7.30	-1.00	-23.00	5	-	light

Compound or group	Initial concentration
CO	0.49 ppm
NO_x	0.09 ppm
VOC	1.12 ppmC

Hour	T (ºC)	RH (%)	Mixing height (m)
06:30	25.37	77.76	200
07:30	26.72	72.10	250
08:30	28.16	65.74	300
09:30	29.33	60.24	650
10:30	30.44	56.00	1000
11:30	31.53	51.78	1450
12:30	32.13	50.12	1600
13:30	32.33	49.76	1700
14:30	32.28	50.05	1750
15:30	31.77	52.07	1050
16:30	31.07	53.86	800
17:30	30.10	56.27	400

Pollutants	Base case	B10	B20	BE - Diesel	Hour
Pollutants	ppb
CO max	610	580	570	530	8:00
NO_x max	106	106	109	112	8:00
O₃ max	30.3	30.2	28.7	27.2	14:00

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[1] * Corresponding Author: sergiomc@uerj.br