INVESTIGATION OF IMPREGNATED ACTIVATED CARBON PROPERTIES USED IN HYDROGEN SULFIDE FINE REMOVAL

Isik-Gulsac, Isil

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20160334s20150164

Isil Isik-Gulsac ^**To whom correspondence should be addressed

TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Energy Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey. E-mail: isil.gulsac@tubitak.gov.tr

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Schematic of the experimental set-up F: Furnace, FB: Fixed bed, GC: Gas Chromatographs, MFC: Mass flow control valves, I: Stainless steel impinger, M: Mixing manifold, NV: Needle valve, PG: Pressure gauge, TC: Thermocouple.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Effect of relative humidity on the outlet H₂S concentration in (a) N₂ gas (b) N₂/CO₂ (63.3% N₂/36.7% CO₂) gas mixture at T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1 50 ppm H₂S inlet conc.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Effect of relative humidity on outlet H₂S concentration in CO₂/CH₄ (36.7% CO₂/55.2% CH₄/8.1% N₂) gas mixture at T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm H₂S inlet conc.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
SEM images of (a) fresh and (b) exhausted activated carbon in N₂/CO₂/O₂ (62.3% N₂/36.7% CO₂/1% O₂) gas mixture at RH 70, T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
XRD patterns of fresh and exhausted activated carbons in different conditions (T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.).

Thumbnail

Figure 6
First derivative of weight loss of the fresh and exhausted (RH 35, RH 70, T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.) activated carbon samples in nitrogen as a function of temperature.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
FTIR spectra of fresh and exhausted activated carbon in N₂/CO₂ (63.3% N₂/36.7% CO₂) gas mixture at RH 35, T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.

Thumbnail

Figure 8
Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of (a) fresh (b) exhausted activated carbon in N₂/CO₂ (62.5% N₂/37.5% CO₂) gas mixture at RH 0, T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Analytical conditions of gas chromatographs used in gas composition.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Experimental matrix used in the adsorption experiments (T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm H₂S inlet conc.).

Thumbnail

Table 3
Experimental matrix used in the adsorption experiments (RH 90, T= 25 ºC, 400 ppm H₂S inlet conc.).

Thumbnail

Table 4
Adsorption capacities of samples with respect to moisture and gas composition (T= 25 ºC, 15000 h-1, 50 ppm H2S inlet conc.).

Thumbnail

Table 5
Adsorption capacities of samples in different moisture contents and gas compositions.

Thumbnail

Table 6
SEM-EDS analyses results of pure and exhausted activated carbon in a N₂/CO₂/O₂ (62.3% N₂/36.7% CO₂/1% O₂) gas mixture at RH 70, T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.).

Thumbnail

Table 7
Physical properties of fresh and exhausted activated carbons at T= 25 ºC, 15000 h^-1, 50 ppm inlet conc.

(i)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

	GC parameters
Detector type	TCD	FPD
Phase	Bonded polystyrene-divinylbenzene with molecular sieve PLOT	100% Dimethylpolysiloxane WCOT
Dimensions	75 m x 530 µm x 40 µm	105 m x 0.53 mm x 5 µm
Oven	60 °C for 8 min.	60 °C for 3 min., 10 °C/min. ramp to 180 °C and hold for 5 min.
Carrier	Helium, 23.36 psig, 9.9 mL/min at 60 °C	Helium, 7.24 psig, 2.9 mL/min at 60 °C
Inlet temperature	94 °C	150 °C
Detector temperature	250 °C	250 °C

50 ppm H₂S	RH 0	RH 35	RH 70
CH₄ / CO₂ / N₂ %	0 / 0 / 100	0 / 0 / 100	0 / 0 / 100
CH₄ / CO₂ / N₂ %	0 / 37.5 / 62.5	0 / 36.7 / 63.3	0 / 36.2 / 63.8
CH₄ / CO₂ / N₂ %	56.3 / 37.5 / 6.2	55.2 / 36.7 / 8.1	54.2 / 36.2 / 9.6
CH₄ / CO₂ / N₂/ O₂ %	-	0 / 36.7 / 62.3 / 1	0 / 36.7 / 62.3 / 1

400 ppm H₂S / RH 90	5000 h^-1	15000 h^-1
CH₄ / CO₂ / O₂ %	60 / 38 / 2	60 / 38 / 2

Gas Matrix	Relative Humidity (RH)	Scap [w/w %] @ 1 ppm
N₂	0	1.4
	35	2.5
	70	2.2
N₂/CO₂	0	0.28
	35	2.10
	70	1.04
CH₄/CO₂	0	0.12
	35	0.52
	70	-
N₂/CO₂/O₂	35	4.32
N₂/CO₂/O₂	70	4.46

Gas Matrix	Relative Humidity (RH)	GHSV (h^-1)	Scap [w/w %] @ 1 ppm
CH₄/CO₂/O₂	90	5000	13.0
CH₄/CO₂/O₂	90	15000	0.5

Element	Pure AC	Exhausted Sample
Element	Weight %
C	79.1	79.5
O	11.3	12.4
K	5.4	5.5
Ca	4.2	1.9
S	-	0.7

Parameters	Pure AC	AC-N₂CO₂ RH0	AC-N₂ RH35
BET surface area (m²/g)	878.1	824	826
Average pore diameter (Å)	21.05	19.64	15.96
Micropore area (m²/g)	7.31 x 10²	7.05 x 10²	8.01 x 10²
Total pore volume (cm³/g)	4.62 x 10^-1	4.04 x 10^-1	3.29 x 10^-1
External surface area (m²/g)	1.47 x 10²	1.18 x 10²	2.45 x 10¹

[1] *To whom correspondence should be addressed

Brasil

Brasil

INVESTIGATION OF IMPREGNATED ACTIVATED CARBON PROPERTIES USED IN HYDROGEN SULFIDE FINE REMOVAL

Abstract