Avaliação antimicrobiana e toxicológica de <i>Origanum vulgare</i>: um estudo in vivo

Figure 1
Histological study of kidney and Liver (A) Photomicrograph of kidneys from control group showing normal renal parenchyma (NRP) (H&E Staining 400X); (B) Photomicrograph of kidneys from O. vulgare 200mg/ml treated group showing normal renal parenchyma (H&E Staining 400X); (C) Photomicrograph of kidneys from O. Vulgare 400mg/ml treated group showing tubular necrosis (TN) (H&E Staining 400X); (D) Photomicrograph of Liver from control group showing normal hepatic parenchyma, consisting of cells that are large and polyhedral, with round nuclei and abundant heterochromatin and nucleoli. A typical portal triad displays a portal vein (PV), bile duct (BD), and hepatic artery (HA). Capillary sinusoids (S) are of normal caliber and there is no evidence of congestion (H&E Staining 400X); (E) Photomicrograph of Liver from O. vulgare (200mg/ml) showing almost normal hepatic parenchyma (NHP) (H&E Staining 400X); (F) Photomicrograph of Liver from O. vulgare (400mg/ml) showing marked hepatocellular degeneration and distortion around the central vein (CV), Inflammatory cell infiltration (IF), and cytoplasmic vacuolization (HV) of hepatic cells. Sinusoidal congestion (SC) was also apparent. Apoptotic hepatocytes (AH) were also observed in areas of centrilobular necrosisvacuolar (H&E Staining 400X).

Thumbnail

Table 1
Effects of O. vulgaris extract treatment on clinical outcome of infected animals at 8 days post infection.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Comparison of Gross lesion scores in lungs and heart following treatment of infection with O. vulgaris extract.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Effect of treatment with O. vulgaris on bacterial load of different tissues.

Thumbnail

Table 4
Effect of different doses of O. vulgaris on liver and renal function markers after 7 days treatment.

Thumbnail

Table 5
Effect of O. vulgaris extract on hematological parameters of mice at 8^th -day post infection.

Thumbnail

Table 6
In vitro and In vivo work carried out on the extract of O. vulgare.

Parameters	Infected group (n=6)	Negative control	Antibiotic-treated	*O. vulgaris*
Mortality	1/6	0/6	0/6	0/6
Body weight	23.36±0.65	26.83±0.29	25.18±1.05	25.93±0.95
Re-isolation at day 8 post infection
Throat	6/6	0/6	3/6	6/6
Lung	6/6	0/6	3/6	5/6
Heart	6/6	0/6	0/6	0/6
Joint	6/6	0/6	0/6	0/6
Blood	6/6	0/6	0/6	0/6

Treated groups	Positive control	Antibiotic-treated	Negative control
Antibiotic treated	0.034,0.43
Negative control	0.034,0.034	1.00, 0.317
O. vulgaris	0.005, 0.005	1.00, 1.57	1.00, 1.00

Plants treated	Organs
Plants treated	Throat	Lungs	Heart	Joints	Blood
Positive control	4.88± 0.20 ^a	5.36±0.58^a	4.52±0.09 ^a	3.89±0.23 ^a	4.11±0.11 ^a
Vancomycin	2.50±1.02^c	2.50± 1.02^c	0.00±0.00 ^b	0.00±0.00 ^b	0.00±0.00^b
O. vulgaris	3.18±0.65^bc	3.19±0.60^bc	0.00±0.00 ^b	0.00±0.00 ^b	0.00±0.00 ^b

	AST	ALT	ALP	Bilirubin	Urea	Creatinine
Control	51.65 ± 2.34^b	45.83 ± 2.23^b	96.8 ±5.25	0.43 ± 0.03^b	44.36 ± 3.30^a	1.2 ± 0.23^a
O. vulgaris (200mg/kg)	49.4 ± 3.24^b	29.08 ± 7.13^c	111.14 ± 20.23	1.52 ± 0.23^a	36.88 ± 1.21^b	0.64 ± 0.17^b
O. vulgaris (400mg/kg)	62.82 ± 5.30^a	38 ± 3.21^a	103.5 ± 2.27	1.9 ± 0.15^a	38.15 ± 1.30^b	0.9 ± 0.15^ab

Parameter	Positive control	Negative control	Vancomycin	*O. vulgare*
Hb (g/dL)	10.10 ± 1.25 ^b	14.33 ± 0.33 ^a	14.67 ± 0.33 ^a	14.17 ± 0.40 ^a
RBC(x 10⁶/mm³⁾	6.19 ± 0.80^c	7.34 ± 0.33^b	8.79 ± 0.30^a	8.67 ± 0.00^a
Platelets(x 1000)	129.33 ± 3.48^b	380.00 ± 22.91^a	385 ± 7.63^a	372.50 ± 12.69^a
PCV (%)	33.53 ± 4.61^b	40.00^a±0.00^a	41^a±0.00^a	40.00 ± 0.25^a
ESR (mm/hr)	32.00 ± 1.73^a	6.50 ± 0.33^b	3.67 ± 0.33^c	6.67 ± 1.28^b
TLC (x 1000)	9.0 ± 0.23^a	5.63 ± 0.02^c	6.10 ± 0.02^b	5.83 ± 0.06^bc
Neutrophil (%)	21.00 ± 2.08^a	10.67 ± 0.42^b	12.33 ± 1.45^b	12.33 ± 1.45^b
Lymphocyte (%)	86.33 ± 5.20^a	71.17 ± 2.55^b	72.22 ± 1.20^b	72.39 ± 2.33^b
Monocyte (%)	2.00 ± 0.00	1.33 ± 0.33	1.33 ± 0.33	1.00 ± 0.00
Eosinophil (%)	2.33 ± 0.33	1.2 ± 0.2	1.33 ± 0.33	1.17 ± 0.16

Plant name	*In vitro*	References	*In vivo*	References
Origanum vulgare	Anti-oxidant	Barros et al. (2010)BARROS, L., HELENO, S.A., CARVALHO, A.M. and FERREIRA, I.C., 2010. Lamiaceae often used in Portuguese folk medicine as a source of powerful antioxidants: vitamins and phenolics. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, vol. 43, no., 3, pp. 544-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.09.024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.09....	Anti diabetic	Vujicic et al. (2015)VUJICIC, M., NIKOLIC, I., KONTOGIANNI, V.G., SAKSIDA, T., CHARISIADIS, P., ORESCANIN-DUSIC, Z., BLAGOJEVIC, D., STOSIC-GRUJICIC, S., TZAKOS, A.G. and STOJANOVIC, I., 2015. Methanolic extract of Origanum vulgare ameliorates type 1 diabetes through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity. The British journal of Nutrition, vol. 113, no. 5, pp. 770-782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514004048. PMid:25671817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514004...
	Anti-bacterial	Chaudhry et al. (2007)CHAUDHRY, N.M.A., SAEED, S. and TARIQ, P., 2007. Antibacterial effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare) against gram negative bacilli. Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 609.	Anti inflammatory	Vujicic et al. (2015)VUJICIC, M., NIKOLIC, I., KONTOGIANNI, V.G., SAKSIDA, T., CHARISIADIS, P., ORESCANIN-DUSIC, Z., BLAGOJEVIC, D., STOSIC-GRUJICIC, S., TZAKOS, A.G. and STOJANOVIC, I., 2015. Methanolic extract of Origanum vulgare ameliorates type 1 diabetes through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity. The British journal of Nutrition, vol. 113, no. 5, pp. 770-782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514004048. PMid:25671817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514004...
	Anti cancer	Paur et al. (2010)PAUR, I., BALSTAD, T.R., KOLBERG, M., PEDERSEN, M.K., AUSTENAA, L.M., JACOBS JUNIOR, D.R. and BLOMHOFF, R., 2010. Extract of oregano, coffee, thyme, clove, and walnuts inhibits NF-κB in monocytes and in transgenic reporter mice. Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.), vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 653-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0089. PMid:20424131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR...	Analgesic effect	Afarineshe Khaki et al. (2013)AFARINESHE KHAKI, M.R., PAHLAVAN, Y., SEPEHRI, G., SHEIBANI, V. and PAHLAVAN, B., 2013. Antinociceptive effect of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare l. in male rats: possible involvement of the GABAergic system. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research. IJPR, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 407-413. PMid:24250616.
			Antinociceptive	Rukh et al. (2016)RUKH, R., NAQVI, B.S. and ISHAQ, H., 2016. Investigating antinociceptive potential of origanum vulgare l. extract using animal models of pain. Science International, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 2577.

[1] *e-mail: najmaarshad@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Avaliação antimicrobiana e toxicológica de Origanum vulgare: um estudo in vivo

Resumo