Genetic parameters controlling the inheritance of glaucousness and yield traits in bread wheat

Al-Naggar, A. M. M.; Al-Azab, K. F.; Younis, A. S. M.; Hassan, I. O.; Basyouny, M. A. E.; Ayaad, M.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.253864

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 82 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253864 copy

Genetic parameters controlling the inheritance of glaucousness and yield traits in bread wheat

Parâmetros genéticos que controlam a herança de glaucosidade e características de produção em trigo mole

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Wheat breeders frequently use generation mean analysis to obtain information on the type of gene action involved in inheriting a trait to choose the helpful breeding procedure for trait improvement. The present study was carried out to study the inter-allelic and intra-allelic gene action and inheritance of glaucousness, earliness and yield traits in a bread wheat cross between divergent parents in glaucousness and yield traits; namely Mut-2 (P₁) and Sakha 93 (P₂). The experimental material included six populations, i.e. P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁, and BC₂ for this wheat cross. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used, and a six parameters model was applied. Additive effects were generally more critical than dominance for all studied traits, except for plant height (PH) and grain yield/plant (GYPP). The duplicate epistasis was observed in spike length; SL, spikes/plant; SPP and days to heading; DTH. All six types of allelic and non-allelic interaction effects controlled SL, GYPP, DTH and glaucousness. All three types of epistasis, i.e. additive x additive, additive x dominance, and dominance x dominance, are essential in determining the inheritance of four traits (SL, GYPP, DTH and glaucousness). Dominance × dominance effects were higher in magnitude than additive × dominance and additive × additive in most traits. The average degree of dominance was minor than unity in six traits (glaucousness, grains/spike, spike weight, days to maturity, 100-grain weight and SL), indicating partial dominance and selection for these traits might be more effective in early generations. Meanwhile, the remaining traits (PH, SPP, GYPP and DTH) had a degree of dominance more than unity, indicating that overdominance gene effects control such traits and it is preferable to postpone selection to later generations. The highest values of narrow-sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded by glaucousness trait followed by SL and SPP, indicating that selection in segregating generations would be more effective than other traits.

Keywords:
Triticum aestivum; generation mean analysis; gene effects; epistasis; heritability

S. O. V.	df	Mean Squares
		Plant height	Spike length	Spikes/plant	100-grain weight	Grain yield/plant
Replications	2	13.72	0.06	2.67	0.48	4.29
Genotypes	5	164.98**	39.68**	18.36**	0.57	369.7**
Error	10	5.92	1.32	1.33	0.27	5.81
		50% Heading	50% Maturity	Spike weight	Grains /spike	Wax content
Replications	2	9.06	7.39	0.01	2.39	0.02
Generations	5	144.2**	127.5**	0.33**	214.8**	0.75**
Error	10	1.66	2.79	0.01	4.86	0.001

Trait	Genotypes						LSD
	P₁	P₂	F₁	F₂	BC₁	BC₂	0.05	0.01
Plant height (cm)	91.00	86.67	105.67	99.00	97.00	93.33	4.43	6.30
Spike length(cm)	23.00	11.67	18.00	17.67	18.00	19.00	2.09	2.97
Spikes/plant	8.00	10.67	15.00	13.33	13.33	12.67	2.10	2.98
100-Grain weight (g)	4.90	5.50	6.20	5.20	5.53	5.60	0.95	1.34
Grain yield /plant (g)	43.33	67.17	76.37	68.73	64.70	66.03	4.39	6.24
50% Heading (day)	74.67	96.00	86.00	88.00	84.00	88.00	2.34	3.33
50% Maturity (day)	119.00	139.33	129.00	130.33	128.33	131.33	3.04	4.32
Spike weight (g)	4.20	5.23	4.80	4.67	4.67	4.77	0.18	0.26
Grains / spike	90.00	66.67	89.33	83.67	84.33	82.33	4.01	5.70
Wax content (mg/dm²)	2.95	1.55	2.54	2.31	2.56	1.94	0.04	0.06

Trait	A	B	C	D
Plant height	-8.88**	-7.35**	-1.21	7.67**
Spike length	-2.69**	7.11**	0.56	-1.66
Spikes/plant	2.44*	-0.21	4.84**	0.66
100 grain weight	0.27	0.78	-0.31	-0.73
Grain yield /plant	-13.57**	3.95**	2.13	6.73**
50% Heading	-7.70**	6.34**	1.00	4.00**
50% Maturity	-5.29**	9.59**	1.63	1.00
Spike weight	-0.66	0.32	-0.63	-0.10
Grains/spike	-10.08**	12.61**	3.01*	0.68
Wax content	-0.39	-0.25	-0.3	0.12**

Trait	Mean	additive	dominance	aa	ad	dd	Epistasis
Plant height	99**	4.33*	1.495	-15.34**	1.505	23.69**	Complementary
Spike length	17.67**	-11.33**	3.985**	3.32**	4.665**	-6.65**	Duplicate
Spikes/plant	13.33**	2.67*	4.345**	-1.32	-0.675	-2.01*	Duplicate
Grain yield /plant	68.73**	-23.84**	7.66**	-13.46**	10.59**	15.24**	Complementary
50% Heading	88**	-21.33**	-7.335**	-8**	6.665**	6.67**	Duplicate
50% Maturity	130.33**	-20.33**	-2.165	-2.0	7.165**	-0.99	Complementary
Grains/spike	83.67**	-23.33**	9.635**	-1.36	9.665**	3.37*	Complementary
Wax content	2.31**	1.4**	0.05*	-0.24**	-0.08**	0.82**	Complementary

Parameter	Plant height	Spike length	Spikes/ plant	100-Grain weight	Grain yield/ plant	Days to heading	Days to mature	Spike weight	Grains/ spike	Wax content
Additive	6.34	14.39	6.75	0.59	1.28	22.94	17.45	0.23	6.7	0.75
Dominance	18.67	6.65	5.01	0.27	8.61	13.13	6.42	0.13	2.17	0.23
Genotypic	25.01	21.04	11.75	0.87	9.89	36.07	23.87	0.36	8.87	0.98
Environmental	1.85	0.46	0.45	0.01	6.72	0.59	40.06	0.01	1.57	0.01
Phenotypic	26.86	21.5	12.2	0.88	16.61	36.66	63.93	0.37	10.44	0.99
*h² _b%*	93.08	97.88	96.31	99.1	59.55	98.38	37.34	97.97	84.95	98.89
*h² _n%*	23.59	66.94	55.28	68.0	7.71	62.57	27.3	62.77	64.18	75.76
GA %	2.54	36.19	29.84	25.27	0.94	8.87	3.45	16.84	5.11	67.22
“a”	2.43	0.96	1.22	0.96	3.67	1.07	0.86	0.84	0.80	0.78
Heterosis%	18.95**	3.84	60.69**	19.23**	38.23**	0.78	-0.13	1.80*	14.04**	12.89**
Heterobeltiosis%	21.92	-21.74	40.58**	12.73**	13.70**	15.17**	8.40**	-8.22**	-0.74	-13.89**
ID%	6.31**	1.83**	11.13**	16.13**	10.00**	-2.33	-1.03	2.71*	6.34**	9.06**

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[1] *e-mail: Mohammed_ayaad@mail.hzau.edu.cn