Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and mycorrhiza on quantitative and qualitative traits of maize

Younespour, M. P.; Samdeliri, M.; Mazloom, P.; Mirkalaei, A. M.; Moballeghi, M.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.274601

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Brazilian Journal of Biology

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274601 copy

Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and mycorrhiza on quantitative and qualitative traits of maize

Efeito da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico e micorrizas em características quantitativas e qualitativas do milho

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

An experiment was performed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and foliar application of salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of maize during 2018 and 2019 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. Split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Experimental factors included mycorrhiza species of (G. mosseae), (G. geosporum) and (G. intraradices) at two levels (no consumption and consumption of mycorrhiza) and salicylic acid at two levels (no consumption and consumption of 1 mμ of salicylic acid). Results of interaction effects of mycorrhiza and salicylic acid on the measured traits revealed that the maximum 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen percentage and yield of maize grain protein were observed in G. mosseae treatment under foliar application of salicylic acid. Foliar application of salicylic acid increases the root length and provides the necessary conditions for increasing water and nutrient uptake alongwith increase in photosynthesis and thus allocates more photosynthetic substance for development of reproductive organs. Hence, it increases maize grain weight and accordingly grain yield. In general, the results revealed that mycorrhiza and foliar application of salicylic acid increase growth indicators, yield and yield components. It also improved the quality traits of the maize plant. Based on results, the interaction effect of G. mosseae treatment and foliar application of salicylic acid yielded better results than other treatments. Mycorrhiza increases the number of grain in the ear, the number of rows in the ear, increases the plant's ability to absorb phosphorus, and the increase of mycorrhiza along with salicylic acid shows the maximum grain yield in maize. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of mycorrhiza and salicylic acid can be effective in increasing grain in the plant.

Keywords:
salicylic acid; growth indices; grain yield; mycorrhizal symbiosis

Depth (cm)	Soil texture	PH	Electrical conductivity	Organic carbon (%)	Total nitrogen (%)	Absorbable phosphorus ppm	Absorbable Potassium ppm
0-30	Loam- sandy clay	7.2	1.13	1.3	0.09	11	314

Source of variations	degree of freedom	Mean of squares
Source of variations	degree of freedom	Number of rows per ear	Number of grains per ear	1000-grain weight	Grain yield	Biologic yield	Harvest index
Year	1	6.27 ^ns	11689.69^ns	6813.94 ^ns	10902308.38 ^ns	1536456.43 ^ns	182.81 ^ns
Replication (year)	4	0.22	2712.40	1220.39	1416884.43	1495281.49	41.81
mycorrhiza	3	2.49 ^ns	9104.55 ^ns	1807.07^ns	2891305.16 ^ns	5529093.56 ^ns	42.75 ^ns
year × mycorrhiza	3	2.16 ^ns	9832.12*	5886.15**	9417845.89**	3944936.17*	132.66 ^ns
Salicylic acid	1	109.91^* * , ** and ns are significant at the level of 5 and 1% and non-significant (ns), respectively.	3839.48 ^ns	1549.50 ^ns	2479201.24 ^ns	24594455.87*	28.00 ^ns
Year × Salicylic acid	1	0.53 ^ns	2137.48 ^ns	667.60 ^ns	1068161.77 ^ns	107088.07 ^ns	46.68 ^ns
Mycorrhiza × salicylic acid	3	2.22 ^ns	4713.38*	2210.89*	3537416.72*	12238588.95*	87.27 ^ns
Year × Mycorrhiza × Salicylic acid	3	4.06**	449.08 ^ns	238.78 ^ns	382052.74 ^ns	1024318.54 ^ns	33.72 ^ns
Total error	28	0.76	2236.50	1191.83	1596289.73	979152.00	48.59
Coefficient of variations (%)	-	15.42	16.38	14.36	13.14	15.13	13.93

Mycorrhiza	Salicylic acid	Year	Number of rows per ear
G. geosporum	Lack of foliar application	First	15.38 b
	Lack of foliar application	Second	15.37 b
	foliar application	First	17.67 ab
	foliar application	second	18.57 a
G. intraradices	Lack of foliar application	First	14.49 b
	Lack of foliar application	second	14.73 b
	foliar application	First	17.29 ab
	foliar application	second	18.03 a
G. mosseae	Lack of foliar application	First	15.43 b
	Lack of foliar application	second	15.50 b
	foliar application	First	17.73 ab
	foliar application	second	17.73 ab
control	Lack of foliar application	First	11.60 c
	Lack of foliar application	second	15.03 b
	foliar application	First	17.16 ab
	foliar application	second	17.57 ab

Mycorrhiza	Year	Number of grains per ear	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield (kg/ha)	Biological yield (kg/ha)
G. geosporum	First	275.97 bcd	233.48 bc	9339.05 bc	19485.63 b
G. geosporum	second	321.28 ab	245.48 bc	9819.20 bc	19226.38 b
G. intraradices	First	339.50 a	262.71 ab	10508.48 ab	19527.27 b
G. intraradices	second	299.37 abc	236.92 bc	9476.83 bc	18581.78 bc
G. mosseae	First	243.30 d	208.37 c	8334.80 c	19403.11 b
G. mosseae	second	331.28 ab	289.34 a	11573.79 a	20825.06 a
Control	First	233.34 d	209.28 c	8371.39 c	17877.32 c
Control	second	265.04 cd	237.41 bc	9496.56 bc	19091.40 b

Mycorrhiza	Salicylic acid	Number of grains per ear	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain yield (kg/ha)	Biological yield (kg/ha)
G. geosporum	Lack of foliar application	293.40 ab	243.75 ab	9749.84 abc	20133.82 b
G. geosporum	Foliar application	303.84 ab	235.21 ab	9408.42 abc	18587.20 cde
G. intraradices	Lack of foliar application	337.06 a	257.20 a	10288.06 ab	17899.55 de
G. intraradices	Foliar application	301.81 ab	242.43 ab	9697.26 abc	20209.50 b
G. mosseae	Lack of foliar application	264.55 bc	228.66 ab	9146.29 bc	18671.12 cd
G. mosseae	Foliar application	310.04 ab	269.06 a	10762.30 a	21557.05 a
Control	Lack of foliar application	223.76 c	209.17 b	8366.81 c	17441.25 e
Control	Foliar application	274.62 bc	237.53 ab	9501.14 abc	19527.47 bc

Source of variations	degree of freedom	Mean of squares
Source of variations	degree of freedom	Grain phosphorus	Grain potassium	Grain nitrogen	Protein	Protein yield
Year	1	0.09 ^ns	10.96 ^ns	0.39 ^ns	15.26 ^ns	14310.23 ^ns
Replication (year)	4	0.01	0.26	0.05	1.98	1925.02
Mycorrhiza	3	0.03 ^ns	2.79 ^ns	0.10 ^ns	4.05 ^ns	4180.20 ^ns
Year × Mycorrhiza	3	0.09**	8.70**	0.34**	13.18**	13489.34**
Salicylic acid	1	0.27 ^ns	1.92 ^ns	0.09 ^ns	4.37 ^ns	2278.18^ns
Year × Salicylic acid	1	0.00 ^ns	0.66 ^ns	0.04 ^ns	1.49 ^ns	647.99 ^ns
Mycorrhiza × salicylic acid	3	0.03^* * , ** and ns are significant at the level of 5 and 1% and non-significant (ns), respectively.	3.13*	0.13 *	4.95 *	4952.46*
Year × Mycorrhiza × Salicylic acid	3	0.00 ^ns	0.25 ^ns	0.01 ^ns	0.53 ^ns	568.33 ^ns
Total error	28	0.01	0.74	0.06	2.23	2254.19
Coefficient of variations (%)	-	19.19	18.26	13.14	13.15	20.54

Mycorrhiza	Year	Grain phosphorus (%)	Grain potassium (%)	Grain nitrogen (%)	grain protein (%)	Protein yield (kg/ha)
G. geosporum	first	0.39 cde	4.40 cde	1.76 bc	11.05 bc	166.11 bc
G. geosporum	second	0.44 bc	4.92 bc	1.85 bc	11.62 bc	185.59 bc
G. intraradices	first	0.51 b	5.45 b	1.98 ab	12.43 ab	211.79 ab
G. intraradices	second	0.40 cde	4.52 bcde	1.79 bc	11.21 bc	170.10 bc
G. mosseae	first	0.32 de	3.59 de	1.57 c	9.86 c	134.65 c
G. mosseae	second	0.62 a	6.77 a	2.18 a	13.69 a	255.36 a
Control	first	0.31 e	3.55 e	1.58 c	9.90 c	133.96 c
Control	second	0.41 bcd	4.60 bcd	1.79 bc	11.23 bc	173.59 bc

Mycorrhiza	Salicylic acid	Grain phosphorus (%)	Grain potassium (%)	Grain nitrogen (%)	grain protein (%)	Protein yield (kg / ha)
G. geosporum	Lack of foliar application	0.38 cd	4.87 b	1.84 abc	11.53 abc	183.62 abc
G. geosporum	Foliar application	0.46 bc	4.45 bc	1.78 abc	11.13 abc	168.08 abc
G. intraradices	Lack of foliar application	0.43 bcd	5.25 ab	1.94 ab	12.17 ab	203.84 ab
G. intraradices	Foliar application	0.48 b	4.72 b	1.83 abc	11.47 abc	178.05 abc
G. mosseae	Lack of foliar application	0.34 de	4.43 bc	1.73 bc	10.82 bc	166.51 bc
G. mosseae	Foliar application	0.60 a	5.92 a	2.03 a	12.73 a	223.50 a
Control	Lack of foliar application	0.26 e	3.55 c	1.58 c	9.90 c	134.04 c
Control	Foliar application	0.47 bc	4.60 b	1.79 abc	11.24 abc	173.51 abc

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *e-mail:‎ P_mazloom@iauc.ac.ir, pooriamazloom4@gmail.com