Aplicação de coeficientes de correlação e análise de componentes principais na estabilidade de características quantitativas e qualitativas no cultivo de melhoramento de arroz

Semeskandi, M. Nikzad; Mazloom, P.; Arabzadeh, B.; Moghadam, M. N.; Ahmadi, T.

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Sumário

Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.268981 copiar

Aplicação de coeficientes de correlação e análise de componentes principais na estabilidade de características quantitativas e qualitativas no cultivo de melhoramento de arroz

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Para investigar a estabilidade dos caracteres qualitativos e quantitativos e escolher o método de cultivo e regime de irrigação mais adequados em plantas de arroz, o experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdivididas em blocos completos em três repetições e em dois anos de colheita. Os resultados da análise composta indicaram os seguintes fatores significativos: o efeito dos regimes de irrigação do ano X em termos de características, rendimento de grãos, pluviosidade, produtividade 2, número de grãos cheios, número de grãos ocos, índice de colheita, porcentagem de grãos esmagados e rendimento de arroz branco, o efeito do ano X, características do método de cultivo relativamente ao consumo de água, precipitação, produtividade 1, número de perfilhos, altura da planta, comprimento da espiga, número de grãos ocos, peso de 1000 sementes, porcentagem de grãos pequenos e rendimento de arroz branco e o efeito da irrigação no regime X, métodos de cultivo em relação a todos os caracteres, exceto os caracteres produtividade 2. Já os resultados da comparação média do efeito de interação entre regimes de irrigação e métodos de cultivo também mostraram que os tratamentos T1W1, T2W1 e T1W3 são favoráveis para todas as características avaliadas. Com base na tabela de coeficientes de correlação, diagrama de correlação e mapa da intensidade da correlação nos anos do experimento, é possível relatar a correlação da característica produtividade de grãos com as características consumo de água, pluviosidade, altura de planta, 100 - peso da semente, número de grãos cheios e rendimento do arroz branco. Além disso, os caracteres produtividade 1, produtividade 2 e porcentagem de grãos pequenos apresentaram correlação positiva e foi observada correlação negativa desses 3 caracteres com a maioria dos caracteres avaliados no experimento. Por fim, com base na análise dos componentes principais, os quatro primeiros componentes principais explicaram a maior variância dos dados, e os tratamentos T2W2 e T2W3 foram identificados como tratamentos adequados para o cultivo de arroz quanto aos primeiro e segundo componentes principais.

Palavras-chave:
estabilidade; arroz; adaptabilidade; regimes de irrigação; correlação; PCA

Treat Code.	Treatment	Traits Code.	Traits
T1	Permanent irrigation throughout the period	YLD	Grain Yield
T2	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground	CW	Consuming Water
T3	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season	RF	Rainfall
W1	Cultivation without plowing	PR1	Productivity 1
W2	Ridge Size 60cm	PR2	Productivity 2
W3	Ridge Size 80cm	NT	Number of Tiller
T1W1	Permanent irrigation throughout the period and Cultivation without plowing	PH	Plant Height
T1W2	Permanent irrigation throughout the period and Ridge Size 60cm	SL	Spike Length
T1W3	Permanent irrigation throughout the period and Ridge Size 80cm	NFS	Number of full Seeds
T2W1	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground and Cultivation without plowing	NES	Number of empty Seeds
T2W2	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground and Ridge Size 60cm	WTS	Weight of 1000 Seeds
T2W3	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground and Ridge Size 80cm	HI	Harvest Index
T3W1	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season and Cultivation without plowing	PCS	Percentage of Crushed Seeds
T3W2	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season and Ridge Size 60cm	WHS	Weight of 100 Seeds
T3W3	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season and Ridge Size 80cm	WRY	White Rice Yield

S.O.V	Df	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS	WRY
Year	1	26268.1^ns	9733.8^ns	96.36*	0.00002^ns	0.0001*	18.25**	1.85^ns	0.007^ns	728.2^ns	0.11*	0.13*	0.0003^ns	0.001*	0.001^ns	11791*
Block	2	8910342.2**	22097933.8**	2265.42**	0.07^ns	0.03*	0.47^ns	13.6*	0.18^ns	699.1^ns	0.03^ns	1.22^ns	0.0007^ns	0.93^ns	0.002^ns	399985*
Irrigation	2	31495.5*	52278.2*	3665.36*	0.004^ns	0.003*	8.21**	5.57^ns	2.75**	862.03*	38.7**	8.9**	0.007**	16.1**	0.001*	14138*
Year × Irri	2	351.5*	56519.9^ns	5469.2*	0.001^ns	0.0007*	0.23^ns	0.79^ns	0.4^ns	745.5*	0.86*	0.06^ns	0.0004*	1.05*	0.004^ns	157.7*
Error1	4	92851.9	32865.7	2364.1	0.002	0.001	0.77	3.62	0.37	701.7	1.5	0.97	0.0004	1.37	0.0003	41681.2
Cultivation	2	1084856.6**	6783483.8**	12642.1**	0.06*	0.03*	22.6**	301.2*	2.03**	616.5^ns	10.6**	0.06*	0.0007^ns	48.2**	0.003*	486992*
Year × Plant	2	0.41^ns	35517.1*	45365.1*	0.0002*	0.001^ns	0.001*	5.12*	0.61*	247.9^ns	2.99**	0.18*	0.0001^ns	0.02*	0.001^ns	7650.6*
Irrigaton × Cultivatiom	4	37914.3*	16013.6*	1215.3*	0.001*	0.001^ns	5.25**	16.9*	0.39*	205.7*	6.14**	1.89*	0.001*	6.005*	0.008*	17019*
Error 2	30	42053.3	47597.3	41232.2	0.002	0.0001	0.59	3.8	0.25	314.2	0.58	0.83	0.0003	0.67	0.0008	18877.7
CV%	-	3.2	3.44	3.08	4.63	4.46	2.91	1.99	1.79	17.5	1.83	3.49	3.7	7.3	1.59	2.23

Irrigation	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS	WRY
T1	6370.3^a	6276.6^b	7016.6^b	1.02^a	0.91^a	27.1^a	98.2^a	28.01^b	92.9^b	39.9^b	25.3^b	0.51^a	10.2^b	1.88^a	4268.09^a
T2	6337.4^a	6351.9^a	7091.9^a	1.008^a	0.9^a	26.2^b	97.7^b	27.9^b	104.9^a	42.7^a	36.7^a	0.52^a	12.12^a	1.87^a	4246.09^a
T3	6287.2^b	6381.1^a	7121.1^a	0.99^b	0.88^b	25.8^b	97.1^b	28.6^a	104.8^a	42.15^a	26.2^a	0.48^b	11.14^ab	1.87^a	4212.4^b
LSD	180.5	26	21	0.02	0.03	1.8	2	2.8	2.9	0.6	3	1	0.03	0.04	121
Cultivation	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS	WRY
W1	6556.9^a	6950^a	7690^a	0.94^c	0.85^b	25.3^c	102.2^a	28.2^ab	107.2^a	42.4^a	26.1^a	0.51^a	10.2^b	1.89^a	4393.1^a
W2	6368^a	6337.5^b	7077^b	1.01^b	0.9^a	27.5^a	96.6^b	28.5^a	99.7^a	40.9^b	26.1^a	0.5^a	10.2^b	1.87^a	4266.5^a
W3	6070^b	5722.2^c	6462^c	1.06^a	0.94^a	26.3^b	94.3^c	27.8^b	95.7^b	41.4^ab	26^a	0.5^a	13.05^a	1.86^b	4066.9^b
LSD	124.8	21	22	0.03	0.04	1.5	1.4	1.6	2.1	0.4	0.8	0.9	0.01	0.9	82.6
Irrigation × Cultivation	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS	WRY
T1W1	7255^a	8174^a	8914^a	0.88^b	0.81^b	25.4^b	103.5^a	28.3^a	108.4^a	42.8^a	26.5^a	0.51^a	9.7^c	1.9^a	4861^a
T1W2	5974^b	6284^bc	7024^b	0.95^b	0.85^b	25.1^b	101.3^a	28.06^a	106.8^a	42^a	26.2^a	0.51^a	10.3^b	1.8^a	4003^a
T1W3	6442^ab	6392^bc	7132^b	1.07^a	0.9^a	25.4^b	102^a	28.1^a	106.5^a	42.2^a	25^b	0.5^a	10.5^b	1.8^a	4316^a
T2W1	7028^a	7752^b	8492^a	0.91^b	0.83^b	27.5^a	97.5^b	28.5^a	87.9^b	40.9^b	26.4^a	0.51^a	9.8^c	1.8^a	4708^a
T2W2	5862^b	5491^bc	6231^b	1.06^a	0.94^a	27.3^a	96^b	28.6^a	105.8^a	40.8^b	26.3^a	0.5^a	10.4^b	1.8^a	3928^b
T2W3	6214^ab	5769^bc	6509^b	1.07^a	0.95^a	27.8^a	96.3^b	28.4^a	105.6^a	41.1^a	25^b	0.51^a	10.3^b	1.8^a	4163^a
T3W1	7051^a	6898^b	7638^b	1.02^a	0.92^a	26^ab	95.1^b	27.9^b	84.8^b	41.2^a	26.2^a	0.5^a	13.1^a	1.8^a	4724^a
T3W2	5394^c	4964^c	5704^c	1.08^a	0.94^a	26^ab	93.8^b	27.9^b	100.9^a	41.6^a	25^b	0.5^a	13.2^a	1.8^a	3616^c
T3W3	5765^b	5304^bc	6044^b	1.08^a	0.95^a	26^ab	94^b	27.7^b	101.3^a	41.5^a	26.3^a	0.51^a	12.8^a	1.8^a	3863^b
LSD	160.5	24.5	25	0.06	0.05	1.2	1.6	2	2.5	0.5	2.3	1	0.06	0.5	101

	Traits	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS
Year 1	CW	0.92**
	RF	0.92**	0.9**
	PR1	-0.6**	-0.9**	-0.4**
	PR2	-0.5**	-0.8**	0.6**	0.9**
	NT	0.1	-0.03	0.02	0.22	0.25
	PH	0.62**	0.75**	0.55**	-0.7**	-0.76**	-0.3*
	SL	0.07	0.05	0.03	-0.01	-0.006	0.47**	-0.14
	NFS	-0.31	-0.2	-0.17	0.16	0.13	-0.4*	-0.14	-0.03
	NES	0.11	0.09	0.01	-0.09	-0.08	-0.3	0.15	-0.17	0.16
	WTS	0.05	0.04	0.05	-0.04	-0.03	-0.04	-0.13	0.08	0.19	0.52**
	HI	0.004	-0.1	0.1	0.23	0.25	0.07	-0.1	-0.09	0.07	-0.04	-0.2
	PCS	-0.21	-0.3*	0.3	0.4*	0.4*	-0.1	-0.4*	-0.03	-0.1	0.35*	0.2	-0.04
	WHS	0.24	0.12	0.12	0.03	0.07	-0.2	0.3	-0.05	0.01	0.05	0.4	0.29	0.03
	WRY	0.9**	0.9**	0.8	-0.67**	-0.58**	0.1	0.6**	0.07	-0.3	0.11	0.05	0.004	-0.22	0.24
Year 2	CW	0.89**
	RF	0.89**	0.9**
	PR1	-0.4*	-0.81**	0.65
	PR2	-0.3*	-0.7**	-0.5	0.98**
	NT	0.08	-0.15	0.12	0.43*	0.47*
	PH	0.18	0.37*	0.44*	-0.52**	-0.5**	-0.43*
	SL	0.25	0.26	0.36	-0.18	-0.15	0.11	0.21
	NFS	0.37*	0.46*	0.51*	-0.46*	-0.4*	-0.1	0.69**	0.4*
	NES	0.09	0.25	0.2	-0.3*	-0.3*	-0.3	0.21	0.13	0.42*
	WTS	0.16	0.32*	0.16	-0.3*	-0.4*	0.3*	-0.03	-0.05	0.03	0.5
	HI	0.22	0.21	0.39	-0.14	-0.11	-0.09	0.13	-0.41*	0.04	-0.12	0.12
	PCS	-0.3*	-0.3*	-0.56	0.28	0.24	-0.18	-0.4*	-0.43	-0.4*	0.3	0.2	-0.15
	WHS	0.44*	0.48**	0.12*	-0.4*	-0.37*	0.16	0.5**	0.13	0.43*	-0.09	0.12	0.3	-0.4*
	WRY	0.9**	0.89**	0.63**	-0.4*	-0.34*	0.08	0.19	0.25	0.37*	0.09	0.16	0.22	-0.3*	0.44
Average of year 1 and 2	CW	0.92**
	RF	0.92**	0.9**
	PR1	-0.6**	-0.88*	-0.88**
	PR2	-0.55*	-0.82**	-0.82**	0.99*
	NT	0.09	-0.1	-0.1	0.3*	0.4**
	PH	0.4*	0.58**	0.58**	-0.6**	-0.6**	-0.4*
	SL	0.2	0.23	0.23	-0.2	-0.18	0.2	0.13
	NFS	-0.27	-0.13	-0.13	-0.05	-0.1	-0.3*	0.14	-0.02
	NES	0.11	0.17	0.17	-0.22	-0.2	-0.3*	0.2	0.07	0.34*
	WTS	0.18	0.23	0.23	-0.22	-0.2	-0.18	-0.1	0.14	0.23	0.6*
	HI	0.13	0.08	0.08	0.007	0.02	-0.01	0.08	-0.44*	-0.1	-0.04	-0.2
	PCS	-0.2	-0.3*	-0.3*	0.4	0.3*	-0.18	-0.5**	-0.47*	-0.07	0.3*	0.2	-0.1
	WHS	0.45*	0.4*	0.43*	-0.3	-0.2	-0.07	0.6**	-0.003	-0.04	-0.01	-0.18	0.2	-0.36
	WRY	0.9**	0.9**	0.92	-0.65**	-0.55*	0.09	0.43	0.21	-0.2	0.11	0.18	0.13	-0.28	0.45*

		PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7	PC8	PC9	PC10	PC11	PC12	PC13	PC14	PC15
Year 1	YLD	0.36	-0.08	0.01	0.29	0.13	0.01	0.28	0.07	0.03	-0.27	0.03	-0.30	-0.14	0.001	0.71
	CW	0.40	-0.02	-0.03	0.06	0.03	-0.05	0.11	-0.08	0.05	0.04	-0.13	0.52	0.16	0.71	0.0003
	RF	0.40	-0.02	-0.03	0.06	0.03	-0.05	0.11	-0.08	0.05	0.04	-0.13	0.52	0.16	-0.71	0.0001
	PR1	-0.37	-0.08	0.07	0.20	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.24	-0.03	-0.27	0.05	0.51	-0.62	0.001	0.002
	PR2	-0.35	-0.10	0.08	0.25	0.14	0.10	0.14	0.28	-0.04	-0.36	0.09	0.09	0.72	0.0003	0.005
	NT	-0.04	-0.53	-0.27	0.26	0.08	-0.07	-0.07	0.28	0.45	0.50	0.19	-0.02	0.001	0.0001	0.001
	PH	0.34	0.11	0.19	-0.16	-0.05	0.11	-0.32	0.29	-0.07	-0.08	0.77	0.11	0.01	-0.003	-0.002
	SL	0.02	-0.36	-0.34	-0.10	0.44	0.45	-0.25	-0.47	-0.16	-0.18	0.11	0.02	0.003	0.001	-0.003
	NFS	-0.11	0.52	0.06	-0.38	0.55	0.03	0.47	-0.06	0.40	0.13	0.21	0.02	0.002	0.002	0.0001
	NES	0.04	0.30	-0.12	0.31	0.24	0.06	-0.56	0.07	0.43	-0.15	-0.22	-0.02	0.002	0.0005	-0.0002
	WTS	0.00	0.34	-0.51	0.17	0.26	-0.10	0.09	0.28	-0.58	0.31	0.05	0.00	0.001	0.0001	0.001
	HI	-0.06	-0.14	0.41	0.49	0.44	-0.65	-0.23	-0.25	-0.19	0.06	0.09	0.00	0.001	0.0002	0.002
	PCS	-0.16	0.27	-0.03	0.23	-0.28	0.09	0.18	-0.55	0.07	0.15	0.41	0.06	0.01	0.0002	0.001
	WHS	0.06	0.01	0.56	0.21	0.18	0.56	-0.01	0.09	-0.18	0.45	-0.20	-0.05	0.0003	-0.005	0.001
	WRY	0.36	-0.08	0.01	0.29	0.13	0.01	0.28	0.07	0.03	-0.27	0.03	-0.30	-0.14	0.0001	-0.71
	Proportion	0.41	0.14	0.12	0.1	0.07	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.007	0.0002	0.0001	0.0001	0.00001
	Cumulative	0.41	0.55	0.68	0.78	0.85	0.9	0.93	0.96	0.98	0.99	0.999	0.9998	0.9999	0.9999	1
Year 2	YLD	0.32	0.20	0.31	0.17	0.10	-0.18	0.19	0.09	-0.08	-0.04	-0.02	-0.34	-0.15	0.71	0.0002
	CW	0.38	0.02	0.18	0.08	-0.08	-0.09	0.00	-0.08	0.01	-0.01	0.08	0.51	0.14	0.0001	0.71
	RF	0.38	0.02	0.18	0.08	-0.08	-0.09	0.00	-0.08	0.01	-0.01	0.08	0.51	0.14	0.0002	-0.71
	PR1	-0.35	0.21	0.05	0.08	0.29	0.01	0.25	0.20	-0.09	-0.12	0.00	0.47	-0.63	0.0001	0.0003
	PR2	-0.32	0.26	0.09	0.11	0.33	-0.03	0.30	0.24	-0.12	-0.11	-0.04	0.07	0.72	0.0001	0.0001
	NT	-0.09	0.46	0.12	0.22	0.25	0.26	-0.52	-0.28	-0.07	0.14	0.45	-0.05	0.001	0.0001	0.0001
	PH	0.24	-0.04	-0.46	-0.29	0.15	-0.17	0.16	0.22	-0.24	-0.07	0.68	-0.05	0.002	0.0001	0.001
	SL	0.13	0.17	-0.36	0.49	-0.17	0.27	0.21	0.28	0.57	0.13	0.11	-0.01	0.01	0.001	-0.004
	NFS	0.26	0.02	-0.39	0.04	0.48	0.02	0.11	-0.25	-0.18	0.54	-0.38	0.06	-0.01	0.002	0.0001
	NES	0.13	-0.42	-0.10	0.28	0.51	0.05	-0.13	-0.18	0.20	-0.60	-0.03	-0.04	0.0002	-0.004	0.0002
	WTS	0.13	-0.41	0.26	0.12	0.04	0.63	0.00	0.39	-0.38	0.17	0.06	-0.01	0.003	0.0002	-0.0001
	HI	0.09	0.05	0.30	-0.59	0.28	0.34	0.26	-0.13	0.51	0.08	0.11	-0.02	0.001	0.0001	0.0002
	PCS	-0.19	-0.38	0.24	0.12	0.25	-0.47	-0.22	0.27	0.31	0.47	0.20	0.02	0.01	0.0001	0.0001
	WHS	0.24	0.27	-0.11	-0.29	0.15	0.00	-0.53	0.57	0.10	-0.14	-0.33	0.05	0.002	-0.001	-0.001
	WRY	0.32	0.20	0.31	0.17	0.10	-0.18	0.19	0.09	-0.08	-0.04	-0.02	-0.34	-0.15	-0.71	0.0002
	Proportion	0.41	0.16	0.11	0.1	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.009	0.0003	0.0001	0.0001	0.00001
	Cumulative	0.41	0.57	0.69	0.79	0.85	0.89	0.93	0.96	0.97	0.99	0.999	0.999	0.9999	0.9999	1

	Treatments	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
Year 1	T1W1	4.46	2.36	1.31	-0.05
	T1W2	0.42	1.18	0.36	-1.49
	T1W3	0.62	1.61	-0.94	-0.85
	T2W1	3.17	-3.78	-0.45	-0.36
	T2W2	-1.92	-1.50	-0.94	-1.51
	T2W3	-1.97	-1.34	3.37	0.52
	T3W1	1.54	-0.21	-1.70	2.63
	T3W2	-3.26	0.87	-1.83	-0.02
	T3W3	-3.07	0.79	0.81	1.13
Year 2	T1W1	-5.48	0.07	-0.06	-0.05
	T1W2	-2.22	2.02	-1.96	0.43
	T1W3	-1.03	1.63	1.21	-1.10
	T2W1	-2.68	-1.83	0.12	-0.09
	T2W2	1.68	0.33	1.89	1.59
	T2W3	1.55	0.19	2.10	0.08
	T3W1	0.76	-3.10	-0.42	-0.38
	T3W2	4.44	0.76	-0.42	-1.17
	T3W3	2.99	-0.07	-2.46	0.67
Average of year 1 and 2	T1W1	-5.34	-1.23	0.05	-0.57
	T1W2	-1.45	-2.46	-0.16	1.41
	T1W3	-0.54	-1.52	0.61	-1.49
	T2W1	-2.79	3.00	0.04	1.23
	T2W2	2.01	1.02	2.12	-0.50
	T2W3	1.53	0.65	2.00	0.34
	T3W1	-0.16	2.12	-2.30	-1.11
	T3W2	4.18	-0.77	-0.75	0.11
	T3W3	2.56	-0.81	-1.61	0.58

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E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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[1] *e-mail: P_mazloom@iauc.ac.ir