Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> essential oil contained and synthesis thymus (<i>Vulgaris</i>) silver nanoparticles

Aldosary, S. K.; El-Rahman, S. N. A.; Al-Jameel, S. S.; Alromihi, N. M.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.244675

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244675 copy

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thymus vulgaris essential oil contained and synthesis thymus (Vulgaris) silver nanoparticles

Atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris contido e síntese de nanopartículas de prata de timo (Vulgaris)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Several species of thymus have therapeutic properties, so they are used in traditional medicine. In this work was carried out to synthesize Thymus vulgalis silver nanoparticles (TSNP_S) and evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of TSNP_S and T. vulgalis essential oil extract (TEOE). The essential oils analyzed by GC-MS and were characterized. Major compounds of phenol, 2 methyl 5 (1 methylethyle) (CAS), thymol and 1,2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid, 3 nitro (CAS) (48.75%, 32.42% and 8.12%, respectively) were detected. Results demonstrated that the TSNP_S gave a highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, it was obtained 97.2 at 1000 ug/ml. TSNP_S, Thymus + Hexane (T+H), Thymus + Ethanol (T+E) gave the greatest antimicrobial activity than amoxicillin (AM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). In conclusion: The essential oil of thymus (Vulgaris) and thymus (Vulgaris) silver nanoparticles can be a good source of natural preservatives as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for increasing the shelf life of foodstuffs.

Keywords:
antioxidant; antimicrobial; thymus (Vulgaris); GC/MS; essential oil; silver nanoparticles

Compound Name	RT	Area%
Á Myrcene	10.69	0.26
1(7),4,8oMenthatrieNe	14.23	0.62
(1S-(1Alpha,2alpha,4beta))1isopropenyl4methyl1,2cyclohexanediol	18.74	0.09
1,7,7trimethyl2hydroxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes	19.66	0.29
3Cyclohexen1ol,4methyl1(1methylethyl)(CAS)	20.10	0.19
Thymoquinone	22.67	1.81
Ncarbobenzyloxycyst Eine	24.06	0.25
Phenol,2methyl5(1methylethyl)(CAS)	24.42	48.75
Thymol	24.80	32.42
Docosane (CAS)	27.58	0.06
Caryophyllene	28.31	0.46
àHumulene(CAS)	29.37	0.18
NAPHTHALENE,1,2,3,4,4A,5,6,8AOCTAHYDRO7METHYL4METHYLENE1(1METHYLETHYL),(1à,4Aà,8Aà)	30.06	0.07
Octadecane,3ethyl5(2ethylbutyl)	30.69	0.07
BUTYL HYDROXYTOLUENE	31.13	0.52
Phenol,2,5bis(1,1dimethylethyl)	31.23	0.34
Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8ahexahydro4,7dimethyl1(1methylethyl),(1Scis)	31.49	0.09
2,3dicyano7,7dimethyl5,6benzonorbornadiene	31.96	0.03
Caryophyllene oxide	33.30	0.26
Hexadecane (CAS)	33.64	0.13
Docosane (CAS)	36.44	0.09
Docosane (CAS)	39.10	0.10
1,2Benzenedicarboxylic acid,bis(2methylpropyl)ester(CAS)	40.91	0.41
Nonacosane (CAS)	41.64	0.04
2,5,5,8aTetramethyl1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8aoctahydronaphthalen1ol	41.79	0.12
4Fluorobiphenyld(5)	42.44	0.14
3,4,7Triphenylpyridazino[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2b][1,8]naphthyridine	43.30	0.08
Octadecane,3ethyl5(2ethylbutyl)	44.06	0.03
TrimethyltriphenylcyclOtrisiloxane	48.20	0.04
Benzo[h]quinolino[1",2":1',2']imidazo[4',5':4,5]imidazo[1,2a]benzo[h]quinolone	48.90	0.31
5OMethylxanthoneV1	49.27	0.08
Methyl3bromo5chloro6methyl2,4bis[2(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy]benzoate	50.85	0.11
9,19Cyclo9álanost7en3áol,Acetate	51.71	0.11
3Hydroxy4,4,6a,8a,11,11,14bheptamethyl1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14boctadecahydro2Hpicen13one	54.82	0.11
Methyl3bromo5chloro6methyl2,4bis[2(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy]benzoate	55.27	1.30
1,2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 3nitro(CAS)	55.79	8.12
(22E)3áAcetoxy7.alpha,hydroperoxystigmasta5,22diene	57.24	0.30
Methyl3',4,4',5,5',6hexamethoxybiphenyl2carboxylate	64.05	0.86
METHYLCOMMATE D	64.33	0.22
16(1,3Dimethyl1Hpyrazol4ylmethylene)3hydroxy10,13dimethyl1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren17one	65.20	0.53

	Radical scavenging activity in %
	10 (µg/ml)	50 (µg/ml)	100 (µg/ml)	500 (µg/ml)	1000 (µg/ml)
Thymus (Vulgaris) essential oil (Methanol solvent)	20.8	78.4	81.7	87.3	88.5
Thymus (nanoparticles)	38.9	90.3	95.1	96.1	97.2
Ascorbic acid (positive control)	48.2	93.2	96.3	97.6	97.2

microorganisms	Inhibition zone diameter (mm)
microorganisms		AM	CIP	AgNO₃	W	H	E	TSNPs	T+W	T+H	T+E
1- E.coli	ATCC 25922	26	R	20	R	R	28	18	19	29	19
2- Kelbsiella oxytoca	ATCC 700324	14	R	20	R	R	19	15	11	26	17
3- Klebsiella peneumonia	ATCC 100324	10	37	28	R	R	15	24	14	24	16
4- Pesudomones aeruginosg	ATCC 27853	R	35	28	R	R	22	15	13	15	16
5- Acinetobacter baumanii	ATCC mra 747	19	20	17	R	R	17	19	R	32	22
6- Enterobacter aerogenes	ATCC 13048	17	35	16	R	R	23	15	24	21	16
7- Streptococcus dgalacticae	ATCC 12336	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R
8- Staphylococcus epidermindis	ATCC 12228	30	36	24.3	R	18	14	28	16	35	29
9- Streptococcus pyogenes	ATCC 19615	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R
10- Staphylococcus aureus	ATCC 29213	22	19	18	R	R	15	15	18	33	27
11- Candida albicans	ATCC 14053	R	R	R	R	22.3	26	R	R	31	31

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