Isospora bertoi n. sp. of the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) from Brazil

Oliveira, F. C. R.; Gallo, S. S. M.; Elizeu, T. K. S.; Ederli, N. B.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.270649

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.270649 copy

Isospora bertoi n. sp. of the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) from Brazil¹ 1 This study was approved by the Biodiversity Authorization and Information System (SISBIO) under protocol number 78016-1.

Isospora bertoi n. sp. do canário-da-terra, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A new species of coccidia (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola, is reported from Brazil. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora bertoi n. sp. are spherical to subspherical; 23.6 (21.1-26.5) x 22.0 (19.4-24.6) µm; shape Index (L/W ratio) 1.1 (1.0-1.2) µm; with bilayer smooth walls, ~1.1 μm. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but polar granules are present. Sporocysts are elongated ellipsoidal, 16.2 (13.6-17.9) x 10.1 (8.9-12.4) µm. Stieda body is button-shaped and Sub-Stieda and Para-Stieda body are absent. Sporocyst residuum is compact and composed of hundreds of granules scattered among the sporozoites. The sporozoite is claviform with an elongated posterior refractile body and nucleus.

Keywords:
Isospora bertoi n. sp.; sporulated oocysts; saffron finch; coccidian

Species	*Isospora bertoi*	*Isospora cetasiensis*	*Isospora sicalisi*	*Isospora paroariae*	*Isospora rotunda*	*Isospora fragmenta*	*Isospora exigua*	*Isospora temeraria*
Host	*Sicalis flaveola*	*Sicalis flaveola*	*Sicalis flaveola*	*Paroaria coronata*	*Camarhynchus parvulus*	*Camarhynchus parvulus*	*Camarhynchus parvulus*	*Camarhynchus parvulus*
Reference	Present research	Coelho et al., 2011 COELHO, C.D., BERTO, B.P., NEVES, D.M., OLIVEIRA, V.M., FLAUSINO, W. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2011. Two new Isospora species from the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola in Brazil. Acta Parasitologica, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 239-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-011-0051-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-011-005...	Coelho et al., 2011 COELHO, C.D., BERTO, B.P., NEVES, D.M., OLIVEIRA, V.M., FLAUSINO, W. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2011. Two new Isospora species from the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola in Brazil. Acta Parasitologica, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 239-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-011-0051-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-011-005...	Upton et al., 1985 UPTON, S.J., CURRENT, W.L. and CLUBB, S.L., 1985. Two new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from passeriform birds of South America. Systematic Parasitology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 227-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011453...	McQuistion and Wilson, 1988	McQuistion and Wilson, 1988	McQuistion and Wilson, 1988	McQuistion and Wilson, 1988
Oocyst
Shape	Subspherical to Ellipsoidal	Subspherical to Ellipsoidal	Subspherical to Ellipsoidal	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Ellipsoidal
Larger diameter	23.6 (21.1-26.5)	23.1 (19-27)	27.5 (25-29)	22.3 (19.5-25.5)	21.8 (20-24)	25.3(24-27)	20.4 (20-23)	25.4 (21-30)
Smaller diameter	22.0 (19.4-24.5)	21.6 (19-26)	25.2 (22-28)	21.4 (18.5-24.0)	20.9 (19-23)	24.2 (23-25)	20.1 (18-23)	21.1 (17-23)
Shape-index	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.1).	1.01	1.05	1.02	1.21
Wall	Bi-layered 1.1 (0.9-1.3)	Bi-layered 1.0 (0.7-1.2)	Bi-layered 1.1 (0.9-1.3)	Bi-layered ~1.8	One layer ~1.0	One layer ~1.0	One layer ~1.0	One layer ~1.0
Micropyle	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Polar granule	1-2 (varied formats)	Absent	Absent	Absent	Large	10-20 small splinter-like	Absent	1 large round
Oocyst residuum	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Sporocyst
Shape	Elongated ellipsoid	Ovoid	Ellipsoid	Ovoid	Ovoid	Piriform	Ovoid	Piriform
Larger diameter	16.2 (13.6-17.9)	15.1 (13-19)	17.2 (15-19)	15.2 (14.0-16.5)	15 (13-16)	15.4 (14-17)	14 (13-15)	15 (14-15)
Smaller diameter	10.1 (8.9-12.4)	10.9 (10-13)	11.7 (11-12)	10.0 (8.0-11.5)	9.7 (9-10)	11.5 (11-12)	9.5 (8-10)	10 (9-11)
Shape-index	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	1.4 (1.3-1.6)	1.5 (1.3-1.6)	1.5 (1.3-1.7)	1.55	1.34	1.47	1.50
Stieda body (Width x Height)	Button-shaped	Knob-like (2.5x1.0)	Knob-like (2.0x1.5)	2.3 x 0.8	knob-like	knob-like	Small	knob-like
Sub-Stieda body (Width x Height)	Absent	Rounded (2.5x1.5)	Trapezoidal (6.0x2.5)	Prominent (3.3 x 1.7)	Prominent	Prominent	Small	Prominent
Sporocyst residuum	Granular Compact	Granular Diffuse	Granular Diffuse	Granular Spherical or subspherical,	Round, well consolidated	Granular irregular-shaped	Granular irregular-shaped	Granular Round consolidated
Sporozoite
Larger diameter	-	-	-	11.3 (10.0-13.5)	-	-	-	-
Smaller diameter	-	-	-	3.4 (3.2-4.0)	-	-	-	-
Refractile body	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2
Nucleus	Present	Present	Present	Not discernible	-	-	-	-
Species	*Isospora bertoi*	*lsospora geospizae*	*Isospora daphnensis*	*Isospora tiaris*	*Isospora sporophilae*	*Isospora flausinoi*	*Isospora teixeirafilhoi*	*Isospora curio*
Host	*Sicalis flaveola*	*Geospiza fuliginosa*	*Geospiza fortis*	*Asemospiza fuliginosa*	*Sporophila caerulescens*	*Sporophila caerulescens*	*Sporophila caerulescens*	*Oryzoborus angolensis*
Reference	Present research	McQuistion and Wilson, 1989 MCQUISTION, T.E. and WILSON, M., 1989. Isospora geospizae, a new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) and the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) from the Galapagos Island. Systematic Parasitology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 141-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016908...	McQuistion, 1990 MCQUISTION, T.E., 1990. Isospora daphnensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) from the Galapagos Island. The Journal of Parasitology, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 30-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282623. PMid:2299524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282623...	Ball and Daszak, 1997 BALL, J. and DASZAK, P., 1997. Isospora tiaris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the sooty grassquit (Tiaris fuliginosa), a passeriform bird of South America. The Journal of Parasitology, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 465-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284411. PMid:9194828. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284411...	Carvalho Filho et al., 2005	Carvalho Filho et al., 2005	Carvalho Filho et al., 2005	Silva et al., 2006 SILVA, E.A.T., LITERÁK, I. and KOUDELA, B., 2006. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the lesser seed-finch, Oryzoborus angolensis (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 573-576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006000500016. PMid:17072465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006...
Oocyst
Shape	Subspherical to Ellipsoidal	Spherical to Subspherical	Ellipsoidal	Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical
Larger diameter	23.6 (21.1-26.5)	15.5 (13-17)	27.3 (22-30)	27.1 (24.7-30)	21.6 (19.2-23.2)	17.3 (14-20)	17.4 (1.6-19.4)	24.6 (22-26)
Smaller diameter	22.0 (19.4-24.5)	14.5 (12-17)	23.6 (20-27)	23.8 (21.2-26.5)	20.9 (18.4-22.6)	16.5 (13.6-20)	16.8 (14.2-18.8)	23.6 (22-25)
Shape-index	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.0 (1.0-1.1)	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	1.1	1.0 (1-1.10)	1.0 (1-1.2)	1.0 (1-1.1)	1.0 (1.0-1.1)
Wall	Bi-layered 1.1 (0.9-1.3)	One layer ~1.0	Bi-layered ~1.5	Bi-layered ~1.0	Bi-layered 1.3	Bi-layered 1.0	Bi-layered 1.2	Bi-layered ~1.5
Micropyle	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Polar granule	1-2 (varied formats)	1 ovoid	Present	1 Ellipsoidal	Splinter-like or comma-like	1 Large	Small double-lobuled	Absent
Oocyst residuum	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Sporocyst
Shape	Elongated ellipsoid	Ovoid	Ovoid	Ovoid	Ovoid	Piriform	Ovoid	Ovoid
Larger diameter	16.2 (13.6-17.9)	10 (10-12)	15.2 (15-16)	14.7 (12.4-16.8)	15.1 (12.8-17.4)	14.9 (11.8-18)	11.7 (9-14.2)	13.2 (15-17)
Smaller diameter	10.1 (8.9-12.4)	7.5 (6-9)	10.2 (9-11)	10.8 (8.8-12.4)	10.6 (8.4-12.6)	10.7 (8-12.4)	8.1 (6.2-9.4)	10.9 (10-13)
Shape-index	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	1.3 (1.2-1.5)	1.5 (1.4-1.7)	1.4	1.4 (1.2-1.8)	1.4 (1.1-1.8)	1.5 (1.1 -1.9)	1.6 (1.4-1.7)
Stieda body (Width x Height)	Button-shaped	Small rounded	Nipple-like	Prominent	knob-like	Rounded	knob-like	Present (2.0-2.5 x 0.7)
Sub-Stieda body (Width x Height)	Absent	Small	Small	Prominent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Sporocyst residuum	Granular Compact	Granular Irregular-shaped	Granular Compact	Granular Irregular-shaped	Granular Irregular-shaped	Granular Compact	Granular Compact	Granular Diffuse
Sporozoite
Larger diameter	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	18.2 (16-19)
Smaller diameter	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.5 (3-4)
Refractile body	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	2
Nucleus	Present	-	-	-	-	-	-	Present
Species	*Isospora bertoi*	Isospora braziliensis	*Isospora paranaensis*	*Isospora frontalis*	*Isospora teresopoliensis*	*Isospora chanchaoi*	*Isospora ticoticoi*
Host	*Sicalis flaveola*	*Oryzoborus angolensis*	*Oryzoborus angolensis*	*Sporophila frontalis*	*Sporophila frontalis*	*Sporophila frontalis*	*Zonotrichia capensis*
Reference	Present research	Silva et al., 2006 SILVA, E.A.T., LITERÁK, I. and KOUDELA, B., 2006. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the lesser seed-finch, Oryzoborus angolensis (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 573-576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006000500016. PMid:17072465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006...	Silva et al., 2006 SILVA, E.A.T., LITERÁK, I. and KOUDELA, B., 2006. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the lesser seed-finch, Oryzoborus angolensis (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 573-576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006000500016. PMid:17072465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006...	Berto et al., 2009 BERTO, B.P., BALTHAZAR, L.M.C., FLAUSINO, W. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2009. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the buffy-fronted seedeater Sporophila frontalis Verreaux, 1869 (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from South America. Systematic Parasitology, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 65-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9180-z. PMid:19337860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-918...	Berto et al., 2009 BERTO, B.P., BALTHAZAR, L.M.C., FLAUSINO, W. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2009. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the buffy-fronted seedeater Sporophila frontalis Verreaux, 1869 (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from South America. Systematic Parasitology, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 65-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9180-z. PMid:19337860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-918...	Berto et al., 2009 BERTO, B.P., BALTHAZAR, L.M.C., FLAUSINO, W. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2009. Three new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the buffy-fronted seedeater Sporophila frontalis Verreaux, 1869 (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) from South America. Systematic Parasitology, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 65-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9180-z. PMid:19337860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-918...	Balthazar et al., 2009 BALTHAZAR, L.M.C., BERTO, B.P., FLAUSINO, W. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2009. Isospora ticoticoi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the rufous-collared sparrow Zonotrichia capensis in South America. Acta Protozoologica, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 345-349.
Oocyst
Shape	Subspherical to Ellipsoidal	Spherical to Subspherical	Subspherical to elliptical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical
Larger diameter	23.6 (21.1-26.5)	17.8 (16-19)	24.3 (22-26)	27.9 (27-29)	25.7 (24-27)	24.2 (23-26)	23.3 (20-25)
Smaller diameter	22.0 (19.4-24.5)	16.9 (16-18)	19.8 (18-22)	26.9 (25-28)	24.3 (23-25)	22.0 (21-23)	22.4 (20-24)
Shape-index	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.1)	1.2 (1.1-1.4)	1.0 (1.0-1.1)	1.1 (1.0-1.1)	1.1 (1.0-1.1)	1.0 (1.0-1.1)
Wall	Bi-layered 1.1 (0.9-1.3)	Bi-layered ~1.0	One layer ~1.5	Bi-layered 1.4 (1.3-1.5)	Bi-layered 1.3 (1.2-1.4)	Bi-layered 1.2 (1.1-1.2)	Bi-layered 1.2 (1.1-1.3)
Micropyle	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Polar granule	1-2 (varied formats)	Absent	1 Ellipsoid	Splinter-like or comma shaped	Absent	1-2	Usually absent
Oocyst residuum	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Sporocyst
Shape	Elongated ellipsoid	Ellipsoid	Ovoid	Ellipsoid	Ovoid	Ellipsoid	Ellipsoid
Larger diameter	16.2 (13.6-17.9)	13.2 (12-14)	15.7 (14-18)	19.6 (19-21)	18.8 (18-20)	6.1 (15-17)	17.0 (15-18)
Smaller diameter	10.1 (8.9-12.4)	10.8 (9-12)	10.1 (8-12)	11.1 (10-12)	11.2 (10-12)	10.3 (10-11)	10.8 (10-11)
Shape-index	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	1.5 (1.3-1.6)	1.5 (1.3-1.7)	1.8 (1.6-1.9)	1.7 (1.6-1.7)	1.6 (1.5-1.6)	1.6 (1.5-1.7)
Stieda body (Width x Height)	Button-shaped	Fine plug (~ 1 wide)	Present (2.0-2.5 x 1.5)	Knob-like (1.7 x 0.8)	Nipple-shaped (1.9 x 0.8)	Nipple-shaped (2 x 0.8)	Nipple-shaped (2 x 1)
Sub-Stieda body (Width x Height)	Absent	Absent	Present (2-2.5 x 2-2.5)	Slight	Large, Prominent (3.7 x 2.2)	Small, Prominent (2.2 x 1.4)	Prominent, Compartmentalized (2.4 x 1.5)
Sporocyst residuum	Granular Compact	Granular Diffuse	Granular Diffuse	Granular Diffuse	Granular Diffuse	Granular Compact	Granular Diffuse
Sporozoite
Larger diameter	-	13.2 (12-14)	14.9 (13-16)	-	-	-	-
Smaller diameter	-	3.1 (2.5-3.5)	3.0 (2-4)	-	-	-	-
Refractile body	1	2	2	1	1	1	1
Nucleus	Present	Present	Present	Present	Present	Present	Present
Species	*Isospora bertoi*	*Isospora bocamontensis*	*Isospora nigricollis*
Host	*Sicalis flaveola*	*Gubernatrix cristata*	*Sporophila nigricollis*
Reference	Present research	Pereira et al., 2011 PEREIRA, L.Q., BERTO, B.P., FLAUSINO, W., LOVATO, M. and LOPES, C.W.G., 2011. Isospora bocamontensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the yellow cardinal Gubernatrix cristata (Vieillot) (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) in South America. Systematic Parasitology, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 73-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-010-9278-3. PMid:21161493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-010-927...	Barreto, 2014 BARRETO, C., 2014. Ocorrência e identificação de coccídeos em amostras fecais de passeriformes silvestres (Aves: Passeriformes) no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do IBAMA em Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 57 p. Dissertação.
Oocyst
Shape	Subspherical to Ellipsoidal	Subspherical	Spherical to Subspherical
Larger diameter	23.6 (21.1-26.5)	32.1 (27-34)	18 (16-20)
Smaller diameter	22.0 (19.4-24.5)	28.9 (26-32)	17 (15-20)
Shape-index	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1 (1 - 1.1)
Wall	Bi-layered 1.1 (0.9-1.3)	Bi-layered 1.5 (1-2)	Bi-layered ~1.0
Micropyle	Absent	Absent	Absent
Polar granule	1-2 (varied formats)	1 ellipsoidal	Absent
Oocyst residuum	Absent	Absent	Absent
Sporocyst
Shape	Elongated ellipsoid	Ellipsoid	Ellipsoid
Larger diameter	16.2 (13.6-17.9)	17.3 (16-19)	12 (12-13)
Smaller diameter	10.1 (8.9-12.4)	12.2 (11-13)	8
Shape-index	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	1.4 (1.3-1.5)	1.5
Stieda body (Width x Height)	Button-shaped	Half-moon-shaped (2.3 x 0.7)	Flattened
Sub-Stieda body (Width x Height)	Absent	Prominent, homogeneous (3.7 x 2.1)	Absent
Sporocyst residuum	Granular Compact	Granular Compact	Granular Diffuse
Sporozoite
Larger diameter	-	-	-
Smaller diameter	-	-	-
Refractile body	1	1	1
Nucleus	Present	Present	Present

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Isospora bertoi n. sp. of the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) from Brazil1 1 This study was approved by the Biodiversity Authorization and Information System (SISBIO) under protocol number 78016-1.

Isospora bertoi n. sp. do canário-da-terra, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) do Brasil

Abstract

Isospora bertoi n. sp. of the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola (Aves: Passeriformes) from Brazil¹ 1 This study was approved by the Biodiversity Authorization and Information System (SISBIO) under protocol number 78016-1.