New record of parasitic infection among school children of Lower Dir Pakistan

Fadladdin, Y. A. J.; Rahman, H. Ur.; Kabir, M.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.244747

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 82 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244747 copy

New record of parasitic infection among school children of Lower Dir Pakistan

Novo registro de infecção parasitária entre crianças em idade escolar de Lower Dir Paquistão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major cause of morbidity worldwide and have been described as an important public health problem. The present study aimed to determine the un usual parasitic infection and identification of risk factors among 4-12years old school age children residing in lower dir district, Pakistan from 2018- 2019. Of the 400 children studied in which the overall prevalence rate for intestinal parasitic infections was found to be 71.75%. Children infected with single parasite accounted for 67.94% and 32.05% were detected with poly-parasitism. Shistosoma japonicum (0.69%), Taxocara spp (0.69%) and cryptosporidium (0.69%), were identified in children living in studied areas. We conclude that there is a need for mass scale campaigns to create awareness regarding health and hygiene in children and the need for development of effective poverty control programmes.

Keywords:
new records; Cryptosporidium spp; Schistosoma spp; Toxocara spp; urban areas

Type of infection	No. of species	Species associated	Cases (%)
	1species (n=5)	Taxocara spp	2 (0.69)
		Cryptosporidium sp	2 (0.69)
		Shishtosoma japanicum	1 (0.34)
Total mono -parasitism			5 (1.25)
	2 species (n=4)	T. saginata, cryptosporidium	2 (0.69)
		A. lumbricoides, Taxocara spp	2 (0.69)
			4 (1)
Total poly parasitism			4 (1)
Total of infected individuals			287 (71.7)
Total No. Examined			400

Group	Parasite species	Population infected	Prevalence (%)
Helminth	Ascaris lumbricoides	95	33.1
	Taenia saginata	65	22.64
	Hook worms	57	19.86
	Hymenolepis nana	54	18.81
	Enterobius vermiculari	4	1.39
	Hymenolepis.diminuta	4	1.39
	Trichuris trichura	3	1.04
	Shistosoma japanicum spp	1	0.34
	Taxocara spp	2	0.69
Total helminth infection		285	99.3
Protozoan	Cryptosporidium spp	2	0.69
Total protozoan infection		2	0.69
Total number of infection		287	71.75
Total number of individual			400

Parasite	Ages		Sex		Over all	%
Parasite	<8	>8	Male	Female
Nematode
Ascaris lumbcoides	57	38	77	18	95	33.1
Ancylostoma duodenale	30	27	41	16	57	19.86
Enterobius v ermicularis	3	1	3	1	4	1.39
Trichuris trichura	3	-	3	-	3	1.04
Taxocara spp	1	1	1	1	2	0.69
Cestodes
Taenia saginata	45	20	48	17	65	22.64
Hymenolepis nana	36	18	45	9	54	18.81
Hymenolepis diminuta	3	1	2	2	4	1.39
Trematoda
Schistosoma japonicum	1	-	1	-	1	0.34
Protozoans
Cryptosporidium spp	1	1	1	1	2	0.69
Total No. of infection					287	71.75
Total No. of samples						400

variable		Individual		Parasitic infection		2(0.69)	1(0.34)	2(0.69)
variable		frequency	%	frequency	%	*Taxocara spp*	Schistosoms japonicum	Cryp[tosporidium spp
sex	male	400		287
Ages (year)	5-6	109	27.25	75	26.13	1(100)	-	-
	7-8	102	25.5	95	33.10		1(100)	-
	9-10	100	25	87	30.31	-	-	1(100)
	11-12	89	22.25	30	10.45	1(100)	-	1(100)
Grade level	1st	77	19.25	56	19.51	-	-	-
	2nd	95	23.75	58	20.20	-	1(100)	1(100)
	3rd	83	20.75	67	23.34	1(100)	-	1(100)
	4rth	67	16.75	52	18.11	-	-	-
	5th	78	19.5	54	18.81	1(100)	-	-
Height(inches)	40-50	145	36.25	133	46.34	-	-	-
	50-60	183	45.75	107	37.28	-	1(100)	1(100)
	60-70	64	16	47	16.37	-	-	1(100)
Weight(K.G)	15-30	211	52.75	144	50.17	-	1(100)	-
	30-45	95	23.75	80	27.87	1(100)	-	1(100)
	45-60	94	23.5	63	21.95	1(100)	-	1(100)

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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[1] *e-mail: yfadladdin@kau.edu.sa; hafeezzoologest@gmail.com