Plankton crustaceans in bays with different trophic status in Llanquihue lake (41° S Chile)

Escalante, P. De los Ríos; Soto, D.; Santander-Massa, R.; Acevedo, P.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.15515

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 77 (3) • July-Sept 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.15515 copy

Plankton crustaceans in bays with different trophic status in Llanquihue lake (41° S Chile)

Crustáceos planctónicos crustáceo em baías com estado trófico diferente no lago Llanquihue (41° S Chile)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Llanquihue lake is included in the called Araucanian or Nord Patagonian lakes located between 38-41° S. These lakes are characterized by their oligo-mesotrophic status due to human intervention which takes to the increase in nutrients inputs from industries and towns. Effects on zooplankton assemblages are observed with marked increase of daphnids abundance. The aim of the present study is to analyze the trophic status and zooplankton relative abundance in different bays of Llanquihue lake. It was found direct associations between chlorophyll a with daphnids percentage, total dissolved nitrogen with reactive soluble phosphorus nitrogen/phosphorus molar radio with cyclopoids percentage, and an inverse relation between daphnids and calanoids percentages. The occurrence of three kinds of microcrustacean assemblages and environmental conditions was evidenced: the first one with high calanoids percentage, low species number and low chlorophyll and nutrients concentration, a second with moderate chlorophyll and nutrients concentration and moderate daphnids percentage; high species number and a third site with high chlorophyll and nutrients concentration, high daphnids percentage and high species number. Daphnids increase under mesotrophic status, agree with similar results observed for southern Argentinean and New Zealand lakes.

Keywords:
zooplankton; trophic conditions; daphnids; calanoids

Name of bays	Llanquihue	Puerto Chico	Puerto Phillippi	Puerto Rosales	Ensenada	Puerto Octay	Volcanes bay	Venado beach
Kind of bay	Town	Town	Aquaculture	Aquaculture	Without use	Town	Aquaculture	Without use
Geographical location	41°14’00”S; 72°02’00”W	41°19’00”S; 72°58’ 00”W	41°13’00”S; 72°02’ 00”W	41°17' 02”S; 72°51’57”W	41°12’00”S; 72°35’00”W	40°58’00”S; 72°54′ 00” W	41°08’56”S; 72°34’37”W	41°15’52”S; 72°49’00”W
Soluble reactive phosphorus	1.80	1.00	2.10	30.20	1.00	2.10	1.00	1.00
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen	10.50	2.79	18.51	181.10	4.00	6.50	3.50	3.10
N/P	3.07	5.97	21.69	12.85	8.86	6.63	7.50	6.86
Chlorophyll “a”	15.95	6.5	8.75	12.7	1.95	8.20	7.40	3.9
% Daphnidae	56.34	33.33	55.07	33.34	13.60	0.10	0.10	0.01
% Other Cladocerans	0.00	66.67	0.00	0.00	2.28	0.30	0.30	1.00
% Calanoids	43.19	0.00	35.22	66.67	72.73	99.70	99.70	99.00
% Cyclopoids	0.47	0.00	1.21	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894	X		X	X
Daphnia pulex Leydig, 1860	X	X	X	X	X
Neobosmina chilensis (Daday, 1902)		X			X	X	X	X
Diaphanosoma chilense Daday, 1902			X
Boeckella gracilipes Daday, 1902	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935)			X	X
Mesocyclops araucanus Löffler, 1962.	X		X

Variables	Dissolved inorganic nitrogen	N/P	Chlorophyll “a”	% Daphnidae	% Other Cladocerans	% Calanoids	% Cyclopoids	Species number
Soluble reactive phosphorus	0.9	0.2	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen		0.3	0.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.3
N/P			-0.1	0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.7	0.7
Chlorophyll “a”				0.6	-0.1	-0.2	0.3	0.4
% Daphnidae					0.1	-0.7	0.7	0.8
% Other Cladocerans						-0.7	-0.2	0.0
% Calanoids							-0.3	0.6
% Cyclopoids								0.8

	Component 1	Component 2
Soluble reactive phosphorus	-0.1	-0.5
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen	-0.2	-0.5
N/P	-0.3	-0.1
Chlorophyll “a”	-0.3	-0.2
% Daphnidae	-0.4	0.1
% Other Cladocerans	0.1	0.3
% Calanoids	0.3	-0.3
% Cyclopoids	-0.3	0.2
Species number	-0.4	0.1

Model	Observed index	Mean index	Standard effect size	P
Fixe-fixed	2.4	1.7	5.7	< 0.01
Fixed-proportional	2.4	1.8	1.2	0.12
Fixed-equiprobable	2.4	2.0	0.8	0.24

Estimator	Estimate	Estimate standard error	95% confidence interval
Homogeneous model	7.6	1.0	(7.1-13.1)
Chao2	7.2	0.7	(7.0-11.3)
Chao2-bc	7.0	0.1	(7.0-7.0)
Model 1(h)	7.3	0.8	(7.0-12.1)
Model 1(h)-1	7.3	0.8	(7.0-12.1)
Model (th)	7.2	0.8	(7.0-12.7)
Model (th)-1	7.2	1.0	(7.0-13.5)
1^st Order jackkniffe	7.9	1.3	(7.0-14.1)
2^nd Order jackkniffe	7.3	2.0	(7.0-20.5)

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