Noctuóides (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) associados a soja <i>Bt</i> e não-<i>Bt</i> no Cerrado brasileiro

Luz, P. M. C.; Specht, A.; Paula-Moraes, S. V.; Malaquias, J. V.; Ferreira, L. F. M; Otanásio, P. N.; Diniz, I. R.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.179759

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 79 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.179759 copiar

Noctuóides (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) associados a soja Bt e não-Bt no Cerrado brasileiro

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O uso de OGM que expressam toxina Bt na produção de soja tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos no Brasil e são utilizados para conter os danos causados pelos lepidópteros pragas. Neste estudo comparamos a riqueza e a abundância de Noctuoides (Noctuoidea) associados à soja Bt e não-Bt. Determinamos as variações temporais em função da fenologia e correlacionamos às variações populacionais das espécies mais comuns com variáveis meteorológicas. A pesquisa foi conduzida na área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados. O método de coleta utilizado foi diferenciado sendo supressivo e absoluto. Um total de 13 espécies foram coletadas, das quais oito ocorreram em soja Bt. Os taxa mais representativos foram Chrysodeixis includens, Anticarsia gemmatalis e Spodoptera spp. O número de larvas pertencentes às espécies alvo da tecnologia Bt foram 10 vezes menores na soja Bt do que em soja não-Bt . Utetheisa ornatrix e Elaphria deltoides foram registradas na soja pela primeira vez, observando-se larvas de ambas espécies na soja não-Bt e as de U. ornatrix também na soja Bt. Somente as larvas de A. gemmatalis se correlacionaram (p <0,05) negativamente com a precipitação. Este estudo forneceu informações em campo sobre a abundância e riqueza de espécies na soja não- Bt, associada aos efeitos da soja Bt. A importância do monitoramento das lagartas é substancial, a fim de tomar a melhor decisão de controle, considerando-se os diferentes níveis de infestação entre cultivares como critério.

Palavras-chave:
Anticarsia gemmatalis; Chrysodeixis includens; toxina Cry1Ac; Spodoptera spp

Collecting date	Phenological state of the soy ( Ritchie et al., 1985 RITCHIE, S.W., HANWAY, J.J. and THOMPSON, H.E., 1985. How a soybean plant develops . Ames: University of Science and Technology, Cooperative Extension Service, 20 p. Special Report, no. 53. ) ^a a Source adapted from: Ritchie et al., (1985) .	Phytosanitary Control Field
Before Sampling	Seed	Treatment: Carboxin + Thiram Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC + inoculant developed by Embrapa Cerrados.
Nov. 15 2015	Vegetative stage	Helmoxone® + Mineral oil
Dec. 01 2015	V₃. Third node, second trefoil open.	----------
Dec. 08 2015	V₄. Fourth node, third trefoil open.	Roundup Transorb R® + Mineral oil
Dec. 15 2015	V₅. Fifth node, fourth trefoil open.	----------
Dec. 22 2015	V₆.V₇. Sixth and seventh node, fifth and sixth trefoil open.	----------
Dec. 29 2015	V₈.V₁₀. Eighth to tenth node, seventh to tenth trefoil open.	----------
Jan. 05 2016	V₁₁.V₁₅. 11^th to 15^th node, 24^th trefoil open.	Aproach® Prima + Mineral oil
Jan. 12 2016	V₁₆.V₁₉. 16^th to 19^th node, 15^th to 18^th trefoil open.	Priori Xtra® + Mineral oil
Jan. 19 2016	V₂₀.V_21. 20^th to 21^st node, last trefoil open before flowering.	----------
Jan. 26 2016	R₁. Beginning of blooming: up to 50% of the plants with flowers.	----------
Fev. 02 2016	R₂. Full bloom.	Fox® and Cercobim® 500 SC + Mineral oil
Fev. 09 2016	R₃.R₄. End of blooming: flowers and pods up to 1.5-3 cm.	----------
Fev. 16 2016	R₄. R_5.1. Most pods on upper 1/3 measuring 4 cm, grains perceived by touch at 10% graining.	Opera® + Mineral oil
Fev. 23 2016	R_5.2. Most pods with 10%-25% graining.	Fox® + Mineral oil
Mar. 01 2016	R_5.3. Most pods with 25% - 75% graining.	----------
Mar. 08 2016	R_5.5. Most pods with 75% - 100% graining.	----------
Mar. 15 2016	R_6. Pods 100% graining and green leaves.	----------
Mar. 22 2016	R_7. From 50% to 76% yellowing of leaves and pods.	----------
Mar. 29 2016	R_8. More than 50% defoliation, pre-harvest.	----------

Family	Subfamily	Species	Non-Bt	% ⁽¹⁾	Bt	% ⁽²⁾	Total	% ⁽³⁾
Erebidae	Eulepidotinae	Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818	192	18.15	17	18.48	209	8.13
	Erebinae	Mocis latipes Guenée, 1852	8	0.76	0	0.00	8	0.00
	Arctiinae	Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)	12	1.13	4	4.35	16	25.00
Noctuidae	Heliothinae	Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1809	6	0.57	1	1.09	7	14.29
	Noctuinae	Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766)	2	0.19	0	0.00	2	0.00
		Elaphria agrotina (Gueneé, 1852)	6	0.57	2	2.17	8	25.00
		Elaphria deltoides (Möschler, 1880)	1	0.09	0	0.00	1	0.00
		Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857)	8	0.76	0	0.00	8	0.00
		Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858)	5	0.47	3	3.26	8	37.50
		Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782)	28	2.65	10	10.87	38	26.32
		Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797)	4	0.38	2	2.17	6	33.33
	Plusiinae	Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858])	785	74.20	53	57.61	838	6.32
		Rachiplusia nu Gueneé, 1852	1	0.09	0	0.00	1	0.00
		Total	1058	-----	92	-----	1150	8.00

Phenological	non-Bt			Bt
Stage	$\bar{X}$ ± DP	CV %	χ²	$\bar{X}$ ± DP	CV %	χ²	P
	*All species*
V20-V21	0.2 ± 0.37	141	6.19	0.0 ± 0.05	173.21	3.50	^* * = significant at 5%,
R1	0.4 ± 0.47	101	19.40	0.00	0	0.00	^ = significant at 1%.
R2	2.4 ± 0.60	25	84.19	0.0 ± 0.11	173	3.29	^ = significant at 1%.
R3-R4	4.8 ± 2.15	44	116.94	0.5 ± 0.05	10	3.29	^ = significant at 1%.
R4-R5.1	10.1 ± 3.43	33	330.95	0.4 ± 0.66	153	24.80	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.2	7.5 ± 1.45	19	233.57	0.4 ± 0.69	173	29.73	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.3	4.1 ± 1.51	36	109.69	0.3 ± 0.05	15	1.83	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.5	3.2 ± 0.05	1	53.06	0.7 ± 0.65	93	11.15	^ = significant at 1%.
R6	1.1 ± 0.37	33	12.33	0.3 ± 0.15	41	3.14	^ = significant at 1%.
*Chrysodeixis includes*
V20-V21	0.2 ± 0.37	141	11.09	0.0	0	0.00	^ = significant at 1%.
R1	0.4 ± 0.47	101	19.40	0.0	0	0.00	^ = significant at 1%.
R2	2.1 ± 0.58	27	79.77	0.0 ± 0.05	173	1.63	^ = significant at 1%.
R3-R4	4.5 ± 2.23	48	116.08	0.0 ± 0.05	12	3.42	^ = significant at 1%.
R4-R5.1	7.7 ± 1.42	18	253.47	0.0 ± 0.49	147	16.02	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.2	5.2 ± 0.66	12	161.43	0.3 ± 0.51	173	20.70	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.3	2.3 ± 1.28	54	64.60	0.2 ± 0.10	50	0.85	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.5	2.1 ± 0.20	9	34.71	0.4 ± 0.56	121	15.39	^ = significant at 1%.
R6	0.5 ± 0.37	66	5.48	0.2 ± 0.00	0	1.22	^* * = significant at 5%,
*Anticarsia gemmatalis*
R3-R4	0.1 ± 0.11	86	5.54	0.0	0	0.00	^* * = significant at 5%,
R4-R5.1	1.2 ± 1.03	86	32.91	0.1± 0.17	173	9.69	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.2	1.6 ± 0.66	40	49.14	0.1 ± 0.17	173	9.44	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.3	1.5 ± 0.72	48	54.13	0.0 ± 0.05	173	1.32	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.5	1.0 ± 0.20	20	19.81	0.1± 0.15	91	4.33	^ = significant at 1%.
R6	0.5 ± 0.32	60	7.70	0.1 ± 0.15	114	5.19	^* * = significant at 5%,
Spodoptera spp.
V20-V21	0.0	0	0.00	0.0 ± 0.057	173	0.00	--
R1	0.0	0	0.00	0.0	0	0.00	--
R2	0.0	0	0.00	0.0	0	0.00	--
R3-R4	0.0	0	0.00	0.1 ± 0.10	100	4.15	^* * = significant at 5%,
R4-R5.1	0.6 ± 0.5	79	26.34	0.1 ± 0.10	100	0.00	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.2	0.6 ± 0.17	28	24.95	0.0 ± 0.05	86	0.00	^ = significant at 1%.
R5.3	0.1 ± 0.10	100	0.00	0.1 ± 0.10	100	0.00	ns
R5.5	0.0 ± 0.05	173	0.33	0.0 ± 0.05	86	1.04	ns
R6	0.0 ± 0.05	173	0.00	0.0 ± 0.05	173	0.00	ns

Species	Variables
Species	Mean temp.	Radiation	U.R.	Wind	Precipitation
Anticarsia gemmatalis	0.270ns	0.292 ns	-0.252ns	-0.065 ns	-0.509 ^* * = significant at 5%,
Chrysodeixis includens	-0.254ns	-0.041 ns	0.220 ns	0.143 ns	-0.141 ns
Spodoptera spp.	0.201 ns	0.284 ns	-0.196 ns	-0.105 ns	-0.289 ns

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[1] * e-mail: alexandre.specht@embrapa.br