Relações entre atributos do solo e a abundância do <i>Bacillus thurigiensis</i> no Cerrado do estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Santos, S. R. N.; Silva, J. Soares-da; Souza, M. Oda; Souza, H. A.; Pinheiro, V. C. S.

S. R. N. Santos

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – UEMA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Caxias, MA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-4313

J. Soares-da Silva

Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, Centro de Ciências de Codó, Codó, MA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-7916

M. Oda Souza

Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-4298

H. A. Souza

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-4285

V. C. S. Pinheiro ^**e-mail: Vc_pinheiro@hotmail.com

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Caxias, MA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-4884

*e-mail: Vc_pinheiro@hotmail.com

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
Soil sampling areas in the Cerrado, Maranhão state, Brazil.

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Figure 2
Biplot showing the association between iBt, chemical and physical attributes in soil samples in the Maranhão eastern Cerrado. Note: High Cos2 values are associated with a color scale and proximity to the circle of correlations; the warmer the color (red) and closer to the circle of correlation the greater the importance of these variables for the interpretation of these components. iBt: index of Bacillus thuringiensis; OM: organic matter; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Na: sodium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; Al: aluminum; H+Al: potencial acidity; SB: sum of bases; CEC: cation exchange capacity; BS: base saturation; m: aluminum saturation.

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Figure 3
Similarity dendrogram between iBt, chemical and physical soil attributes in the Maranhão eastern Cerrado. Notes: A: Group 1 (G1) in the red line cluster, Group 2 (G2) in the green line cluster, Group 3 (G3) in the purple line cluster. B: Legend of the abbreviations SM: São Mateus do Maranhão; AT: Alto Alegre; CT: Coroatá; TB: Timbiras; CD: Codó. Source: Authors.

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Table 1
Values of bacterial colony number, Bt, iBt, chemical and physical attributes in soil samples collected in different municipalities in the Maranhão eastern Cerrado.

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Table 2
Estimated variances (eigenvalues) and accumulated percentage of the total variance (%) obtained through the principal component (PC) analysis considering 15 samples of soils in the Maranhão eastern Cerrado.

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Table 3
Correlation, quality of representation (Cos2) and contribution (%) between original variables and principal components (PC) in iBt and the chemical and physical attributes of soils in the Maranhão eastern Cerrado.

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Table 4
Mean values of iBt, chemical and physical attributes in soil samples, collected in the Maranhão eastern Cerrado for different sample groups.

Sample	No. of bacterial colonies	No. of Bt colonies	iBt	pH	OM	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	SB	CEC	BS	m	Sand	Clay	Silt
	(ncb)	(nbt)	%	(H₂O)	(dag kg^-1)	(mg dm^-3)	(cmol_c dm^-3)								(%)
SM01	14	4	0.29	4.24	0.52	6.39	0.11	0.11	1.29	0.42	2.38	8.89	1.93	10.82	17.84	55.22	56.10	10.29	33.61
SM02	8	5	0.63	4.2	0.83	6.64	0.06	0.02	0.98	0.39	1.7	7.55	1.44	8.99	16.04	54.14	79.50	7.22	13.28
SM03	10	3	0.3	4.05	1.03	5.41	0.06	0.02	1.47	0.48	2.99	10.83	2.02	12.85	15.69	59.71	74.15	5.98	19.87
AT04	5	1	0.2	4.84	0.61	4.59	0.14	0.02	2.44	0.48	0.14	6.5	3.08	9.59	32.14	4.35	61.31	6.95	31.74
AT05	15	5	0.33	4.82	0.94	3.93	0.4	0.03	3.26	1.42	0.19	9.82	5.11	14.93	34.21	3.53	57.45	12.57	29.98
AT06	10	1	0.1	4.4	0.85	6.8	0.4	0.03	2.12	1.4	0.7	9.35	3.94	13.29	29.65	15.09	49.55	12.69	37.77
CT07	17	0	0	4.35	1.48	6.23	0.28	0.03	3.94	1.1	1.84	15.18	5.35	20.53	26.05	25.64	21.51	27.92	50.57
CT08	11	0	0	4.18	1.34	3.19	0.45	0.05	2.77	1.94	4.74	18.91	5.21	24.13	21.6	47.61	27.37	27.61	45.02
CT09	16	6	0.38	4.92	0.76	10.49	0.31	0.03	3.82	1.09	0.07	7.68	5.25	12.94	40.61	1.31	58.71	10.31	30.98
TB10	11	7	0.64	4.39	1.21	10.08	0.57	0.14	2.88	0.95	1.17	13.07	4.53	17.6	25.76	20.46	51.98	18.14	29.88
TB11	20	10	0.5	4.25	0.89	7.54	0.34	0.11	1.13	0.71	2.19	12.79	2.28	15.07	15.15	48.99	48.91	20.54	30.55
TB12	20	3	0.15	4.59	0.99	4.83	0.34	0.05	2.62	1.79	1.12	10.48	4.79	15.28	31.38	18.94	36.89	20.04	43.07
CD13	18	11	0.61	4.42	0.71	6.31	0.17	0.02	1.26	0.73	1.21	10.7	2.18	12.88	16.91	35.77	61.43	11.9	26.67
CD14	10	5	0.5	4.27	0.77	7.95	0.06	0	1.03	0.34	1.47	8.03	1.42	9.45	15.05	50.81	82.81	7.71	9.48
CD15	7	3	0.43	4.37	0.52	7.04	0.06	0.02	0.83	0.34	1.17	6.77	1.24	8.01	15.49	48.47	86.15	7.19	6.66
Total	192	64	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mean	12.8	4.27	0.34	4.42	0.90	6.49	0.25	0.05	2.12	0.91	1.54	10.44	3.32	13.76	23.57	32.67	56.92	13.80	29.28
CV(%)	36.90	77.46	64.19	5.90	31.34	31.24	66.81	90.52	50.11	59.10	79.22	32.55	48.44	32.30	35.76	63.94	33.35	53.24	43.29

PC	Eigenvalues	% Accumulated
1	8.63	50.74
2	4.33	76.18
3	1.85	87.04

Variables	Correlation		Cos2	Contribution (%)
Variables	PC 1	PC2	Cos2	Contribution (%)
iBt	-0.64**	-0.04	0.41	3.17
pH	0.23	-0.93**	0.92	7.08
OM	0.77**	0.38	0.73	5.67
P	-0.24	-0.25	0.12	0.93
K	0.83**	-0.10	0.70	5.37
Na	0.29	0.23	0.14	1.04
Ca	0.83**	-0.44	0.87	6.73
Mg	0.88**	-0.06	0.77	5.98
Al	0.18	0.92**	0.88	6.82
H+Al	0.75**	0.62*	0.95	7.30
SB	0.93**	-0.31	0.97	7.47
CEC	0.91*	0.36	0.96	7.40
BS	0.57*	-0.80**	0.96	7.43
m	-0.49	0.86**	0.97	7.48
Sand	-0.94**	-0.15	0.90	6.98
Clay	0.86**	0.38	0.88	6.78
Silt	0.91**	0.01	0.82	6.37

Groups	iBt	pH	OM	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	SB	CEC	BS	m	Sand	Clay	Silt
	%	(H₂O)	(dag kg^-1)	(mg dm^-3)	(cmol_c dm^-3)								(%)
G1	0.46	4.26	0.75	6.75	0.12	0.04	1.14	0.49	1.87	9.37	1.79	11.15	16.03	50.44	69.86	10.12	20.02
G2	0.00	4.27	1.41	4.71	0.37	0.04	3.35	1.52	3.29	17.05	5.28	22.33	23.83	36.62	24.44	27.77	47.80
G3	0.30	4.66	0.89	6.79	0.36	0.05	2.86	1.19	0.56	9.49	4.45	13.94	32.29	10.61	52.65	13.45	33.90

[1] *e-mail: Vc_pinheiro@hotmail.com

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Relações entre atributos do solo e a abundância do Bacillus thurigiensis no Cerrado do estado do Maranhão, Brasil

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