Bioecology and breeding performance of cattle egret (<i>Bubulcus ibis</i>) in selected sites at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

Issa, M. A. A.; Ismail, S. A. A.; El-Bakhshawngi, M. I. A. A.; Abed, M.; Ghaffar, R.A.; De los Ríos-Escalante, P. R.; Hassan, H. Ul

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.271632

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271632 copy

Bioecology and breeding performance of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) in selected sites at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

Bioecologia e desempenho reprodutivo da garça-boieira (Bubulcus ibis) em locais selecionados na província de Sharkia, Egito

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis, feeds on insect pests in many agro-ecosystems. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the breeding chronology of cattle egret, in order to develop suitable protection programs for this beneficial bird to perform its role as abiological control agent in Egyptian agro-ecosystems. The study was conducted at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from December 2018 to December 2020; in different habitats (irrigation canals, drainage canals, garbage collection areas and Abbasa ponds). The mean clutch size ranged from 2-5 eggs/nest with an incubation period ranging between 21-25 days. The mean percentage of hatching success was 90.21%, while the total number of mortality eggs was 47 and the total egg hatching was 433. Also the total number of nests located nearby tree trunks were 73, while nests located in the core of the tree were 47 nests, and nests located at the peripherals were 15 nests.

Keywords:
breeding; cattle egret; hatching; incubation; nests; trunks

Colony site nearby		Nest monitored	Total eggs laid	Total egg hatching	% hatching success	Chick hatching	Chick fledging	% Fledging rate
IC	2019	19	67	59	88.06	59	33	55.93
	2020	10	32	28	87.5	28	15	53.57
	Total	29	99	87	-	87	48	-
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 4.5	49.5 ± 17.5	43.5 ± 15.5	87.78	43.5 ± 15.5	24 ± 9	54.75
	t-value		0.984	1.435	-	1.435	1.056	-
	P		0.341	0.179	-	0.179	0.302	-
	Sig		NS	NS	-	NS	NS	-
DC	2019	14	55	51	92.73	51	23	45.1
	2020	15	49	42	85.71	42	25	59.52
	Total	29	104	93	-	93	48	-
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 0.5	52 ± 3	46.5 ± 4.5	89.42	46.5 ± 4.5	24 ± 1	52.31
	t-value		2.901	4.942	-	4.942	0.081	-
	P		0.008	0	-	0	0.936	-
	Sig		S	S	-	S	NS	-
GC	2019	23	83	76	91.57	76	39	51.32
	2020	18	77	70	90.91	70	28	40
	Total	41	160	146	-	146	67	-
	M ± SE	20.5 ± 2.5	80 ± 3	73 ± 3	91.25	73 ± 3	33.5 ± 5.5	45.66
	t-value		3.068	4.198	-	-	0.761	-
	P		0.003	0.0001	-	-	0.451	-
	Sig		S	S	-	-	NS	-
AP	2019	24	79	74	93.67	74	35	47.3
	2020	12	38	33	86.84	33	18	54.55
	Total	36	117	107	-	107	53	-
	M ± SE	18 ± 6	58.5 ± 20.5	53.5 ± 20.5	91.45	53.5 ± 20.5	26.5 ± 8.5	50.92
	t-value		0.485	1.886	-	1.886	0.157	-
	P		0.632	0.069	-	0.069	0.875	-
	Sig		NS	NS	-	NS	NS	-
Total		135	480	433	90.21	433	216	49.88
F value			5.368	9.170	-	9.170	0.405	-
P			0.001	0.00001	-	0.00001	0.749	-
Sig			S	S	-	S	NS	-

Colony site nearby		No. of nests	Number of nests containing (X) number of eggs				Total No. of eggs / nests	Mean No. of eggs / nests
Colony site nearby		No. of nests	X= 2	X= 3	X= 4	X= 5	Total No. of eggs / nests	Mean No. of eggs / nests
IC	2019	19	0	11	6	2	67	3.53
	2020	10	2	5	2	1	32	3.2
	Total	29	2	16	8	3	99	-
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 4.5	1 ± 1	8 ± 3	4 ± 2	1.5 ± 0.5	49.5	3.41
	t-value		0.984				-	-
	P		0.341				-	-
	Sig		NS				-	-
DC	2019	14	0	4	7	3	55	3.93
	2020	15	0	11	4	0	49	3.27
	Total	29	0	15	11	3	104	-
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 0.5	0	7.5 ± 3.5	5.5 ± 1.5	1.5 ± 1.5	52	3.59
	t-value		2.902				-	-
	P		0.008				-	-
	Sig		S
GC	2019	23	1	9	11	2	83	3.61
	2020	18	0	2	9	7	77	4.28
	Total	41	1	11	20	9	160	-
	M ± SE	20.5 ± 2.5	0.5 ± 0.5	5.5 ± 3.5	10 ± 1	4.5 ± 2.5	80	3.9
	t-value		3.068				-	-
	P		0.003				-	-
	Sig		S				-	-
AP	2019	24	3	12	8	1	79	3.29
	2020	12	2	6	4	0	38	3.17
	Total	36	5	18	12	1	117	-
	M ± SE	18 ± 6	2.5 ± 0.5	9 ± 3	6 ± 2	0.5 ± 0.5	58.5	3.25
	t-value		0.485				-	-
	P		0.632				-	-
	Sig		NS				-	-
Total		135	8	60	51	16	480	3.56
F value			5.368				-	-
P			0.001				-	-
Sig			S				-	-

Colony site nearby		Total nests	No. of nests/Days of incubation period
Colony site nearby		Total nests	21	22	23	24	25	Total	Incubation duration in days
IC	2019	19	6	5	6	2	0	422	22.21
	2020	10	2	4	2	2	0	224	22.4
	Total	29	8	9	8	4	0	646	-
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 4.5	4 ± 2	4.5 ± 0.5	4 ± 2	2 ± 0	0	323	22.28
	t-value		0.457					-	-
	P		0.652					-	-
	Sig		NS					-	-
DC	2019	14	6	4	2	2	0	308	22
	2020	15	0	4	5	3	3	350	23.33
	Total	29	6	8	7	5	3	658	-
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 0.5	3 ± 3	4 ± 0	3.5 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 1.5	329	22.69
	t-value		3.229					-	-
	P		0.003					-	-
	Sig		S					-	-
GC	2019	23	6	7	4	5	1	517	22.48
	2020	18	3	2	7	6	0	412	22.89
	Total	41	9	9	11	11	1	929	-
	M ± SE	20.5 ± 2.5	4.5 ± 1.5	4.5 ± 2.5	5.5 ± 1.5	5.5 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.5	464.5	22.66
	t-value		1.134					-	-
	P		0.264					-	-
	Sig		NS					-	-
AP	2019	24	8	6	5	2	3	538	22.42
	2020	12	3	3	2	2	2	273	22.75
	Total	36	11	9	7	4	5	811	-
	M ± SE	18 ± 6	5.5 ± 2.5	4.5 ± 1.5	3.5 ± 1.5	2 ± 0	2.5 ± 0.5	405.5	22.53
	t-value		0.649					-	-
	P		0.523					-	-
	Sig		NS					-	-
Total		135	34	35	33	24	9	3044	22.55
F value			0.708					-	-
P			0.548					-	-
Sig			NS					-	-

Nest monitored	Total nest	Total eggs laid	Addled eggs	Broken eggs	Dead embryo	Total failed eggs	% failed eggs
IC	29	99	5	3	4	12	12.12
DC	29	104	6	2	3	11	10.58
GC	41	160	6	3	5	14	8.75
AP	36	117	4	1	5	10	8.55
Total	135	480	21	9	17	47	9.8
M ± SE	33.75 ± 4.14	120 ± 19.60	5.25 ± 0.68	2.25 ± 0.68	4.25 ± 0.68	11.75 ± 1.21	10 ± 1.19
F value		5.368	0.395	0.502	0.075	0.344	-
P		0.001	0.756	0.681	0.973	0.793	-
Sig		S	NS	NS	NS	NS	-

Colony site nearby		Total nest	Nest nearby trunk		Nest in the core		Peripheral nests		Branches
Colony site nearby		Total nest	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	Primary	Secondary
IC	2019	19	8	42.11	8	42.11	3	15.79	11	8
	2020	10	6	60	3	30	1	10	6	4
	Total	29	14	-	11	-	4	-	17	12
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 4.5	7 ± 1	48.28	5.5 ± 2.5	37.93	2 ± 1	13.79	8.5 ± 2.5	6 ± 2
	t-value		0.892		0.630		0.439		0.105	0.105
	P		0.384		0.536		0.665		0.917	0.917
	Sig		NS		NS		NS		NS	NS
DC	2019	14	7	50	6	42.86	1	7.14	8	6
	2020	15	9	60	4	26.67	2	13.33	9	6
	Total	29	16	-	10	-	3	-	17	12
	M ± SE	14.5 ± 0.5	8 ± 1	55.17	5 ± 1	34.48	1.5 ± 0.5	10.34	8.5 ± 0.5	6 ± 0
	t-value		0.524		0.893		0.535		0.151	0.151
	P		0.604		0.379		0.596		0.881	0.881
	Sig		NS		NS		NS		NS	NS
GC	2019	23	13	56.52	8	34.78	2	8.7	14	9
	2020	18	11	61.11	5	27.78	2	11.11	12	6
	Total	41	24	-	13	-	4	-	26	15
	M ± SE	20.5 ± 2.5	12 ± 1	58.54	6.5 ± 1.5	31.71	2 ± 0	9.76	13 ± 1	7.5 ± 1.5
	t-value		0.289		0.471		0.248		0.375	0.375
	P		0.773		0.640		0.804		0.709	0.709
	Sig		NS		NS		NS		NS	NS
AP	2019	24	12	50	10	41.67	2	8.33	15	9
	2020	12	7	58.33	3	25	2	16.67	8	4
	Total	36	19	-	13	-	4	-	23	13
	M ± SE	18 ± 6	9.5 ± 2.5	52.78	6.5 ± 3.5	36.11	2 ± 0	11.11	11.5 ± 3.5	6.5 ± 2.5
	t-value		0.458		1.002		0.659		0.239	0.239
	P		0.650		0.325		0.518		0.813	0.813
	Sig		NS		NS		NS		NS	NS
Total		135	73	54.07	47	34.81	15	11.11	83	52
F value			0.247		0.105		0.098		0.114	0.114
P			0.863		0.956		0.960		0.951	0.951
Sig			NS		NS		NS		NS	NS

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