Fluoride concentration in toothpaste marketed to children in Brazil and Mexico, and discussion on current regulations

Abstract

Fluoride toothpastes market to children should contain a minimum concentration of 1000 ppm of fluoride (F), which must be chemically soluble to provide anti-caries effect. Therefore, we determined the concentrations of total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF) in toothpastes marketed to children in Brazil and Mexico and analyzed the current regulations in force in both countries. Twenty-four brands were found and purchased in Brazil (19 formulated with NaF/SiO₂, three with Na₂FPO₃/CaCO₃ and two with Na₂FPO₃/SiO₂) and six in Mexico (all with NaF/SiO₂). TF and TSF concentrations were determined after the purchase (fresh samples) but fluoride stability in Na₂FPO₃/CaCO₃-formulations was checked after 18 months. The analyses were performed with an ion-specific electrode and the results expressed in ppm F (mg F/kg). The TF concentrations found ranged from 476.0 to 1385.3 ppm F and they were close the declared by the manufactures (500 to 1450 ppm F). The TF concentrations found were not greater than 1500 ppm F, in accordance with the current regulations of both countries. However, toothpastes presenting TSF concentrations lower than 1000 ppm F were found either in low fluoride toothpaste (500 ppm F) formulated with NaF/SiO₂ as in fresh and aged Na₂FPO₃/CaCO₃-toothpastes, originally fabricated with 1000-1100 ppm of TF. In conclusion, although most toothpastes analyzed showed TSF concentration higher than 1000 ppm F, the regulations in force in both countries allow that products not in agreement with the best available evidence are available in the market.

Key Words:
Fluoride; dentifrice; toothpaste; dental caries; anti-caries