Marxism, Psychoanalysis and Sociological Methods: Voloshinov's, Soviet and European Marxists' Dialogue with Freud

Grillo, Sheila Vieira de Camargo

doi:10.1590/2176-457332107

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• Bakhtiniana, Rev. Estud. Discurso 12 (3) • Sep-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-457332107 copy

Marxism, Psychoanalysis and Sociological Methods: Voloshinov's, Soviet and European Marxists' Dialogue with Freud

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this article is to understand, on the one hand, the dialogical relationships between the texts of Voloshinov and Freud's theory and, on the other hand, the reception of Freud among Soviet Marxists from the first half of the 1920s and by European Marxists. Our main findings included evidence that: a great number of Soviet Marxists from the period mentioned argued that Marxism and Freudianism interfaced regarding the same presuppositions of dialectical materialism; Voloshinov rejected Freudianism, above all, due to Freud's criticism of the Soviet State; and, finally, Soviet and European Marxists tried to link Freudianism to Marxism, or trace the differences between the two theories.

KEYWORDS:
Freudianism; Marxism; Voloshinov

Historical Materialism	Psychoanalysis
Studies collective phenomena from the tendency of humans to satisfy the central demands of life, taking them as already given.	Studies the way these tendencies are formed.
Aims to explain the development of the collective conditions that determine man's activity.	Stems from given social conditions to explain the way its influences appear in particular activities.
Is limited to the explanation of the influence of the social conditions in the emergence of the content of the psychological phenomenon.	Studies how (the mechanism) the psychological phenomenon is formed.
Studies the person as constituted by the social.	Studies the development of the individual person under the influence of given collective conditions.
Studies activities shaped as a result of other social conditions.	Studies people's sexual relations as a formative source of their activities.
Takes the result of this activity as already formed.	Studies the activity of the psychoanalytic apparatus as a means of forming human representations.
Stems from human desire, as a source of action, for the study of the development of complex phenomena in collective life.	Studies the process of the emergence of an individual's own desire.
Studies the influence of the social conditions in the origin of the content of the psychic phenomenon.	Studies how (the mechanisms) forms of content are developed
Reaches the point where the influence of the socioeconomic aspect is revealed.	Continues, from the methodological point of view, in the psychological orientation of materialism. Freud begins where historical materialism ends in the study of human activity.
Targets the determining factor.	Can explain how the reflex of the socioeconomic aspect emerges in the psyche and conditions the development of given psychic phenomena.
Links human psychology with society, or rather, how the social forms the psyche.	Links human psychology with the biological, or rather, how the biological, under the influence of the social, is transformed into the psychological.

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