Heterotic Pattern Involving Rin, Nor and Alc Alleles for Yield and Quality Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Aeer, Somkant Dattaram; Jindal, Salesh Kumar; Patel, Sayeed Abdul Hamid; Chawla, Neena

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2023230169

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Article - Agriculture, Agribusiness and Biotechnology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 66 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023230169 copy

Heterotic Pattern Involving Rin, Nor and Alc Alleles for Yield and Quality Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

An investigation on tomato was conducted at PAU, Ludhiana during 2020-21 with an objective of developing hybrids possessing maximum harvesting span with desirable horticultural traits. Experimental material, comprised of 56 F1 hybrids, 18 parental lines and standard check ‘PTH-2’, were transplanted in randomized complete block design in three replicates. Evaluation for all the experimental material was carried out during main as well as spring season. Cross combinations viz., PAU 114×nor-RM-1, PAU 2381×nor-RM-1 in main season while, crosses LT-44×rin-Rutgers, PAU 2381×rin-Rutgers in spring season recorded significant heterobeltosis and heterosis over check for yield and quality traits. Out of 56 hybrids, CLN1621L×alc-IIHR-2050, LT-44×rin-Rutgers in main as well as spring season, PAU 2381×nor-RM-1, Leader×nor-RM-1, LT-42×alc-IIHR-2050 and Roma×nor-RM-1 in main season and PAU 2381×rin-Rutgers, FL-556×rin-Rutgers, FL-556×alc-IIHR-2050 and LT-44×alc-IIHR-2050 in spring season were best for prolonged harvesting span vis-à-vis fruit yield, weight, minimum days from transplanting to first harvest, pericarp thickness, lycopene content, dry matter, TSS and titrable acidity. Therefore, the hybrid crosses which expressed higher yield potential in addition with acceptable qualitative performance together with maximum harvesting span could be utilized for commercial exploitation.

Keywords:
Ripening mutant; combining ability; heterosis

HIGHLIGHTS

• The heteroticpattern for yield and quality traits in tomato were assessed in two environmental conditions.

• Simultaneously, ripening genes i.e. rin, nor and alc genes were studied to prolong harvesting span.

• Out of 56 tomato hybrids, CLN1621L×alc-IIHR-2050 and LT-44×rin-Rutgers crosses were found best in main and spring season.

Source of variation	d.f	Pollen Viability (%)		Days from Transplanting to the First Harvest		Harvesting Span (Days)		Average Fruit Weight (g)		Number of Locules per Fruit		Pericarp Thickness (mm)
Source of variation	d.f	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
Replications	2	14.25	28.82	8.07	6.54	4.43	32.46**	1.73	36.17	0.04	0.11	0.06	0.17
Parents	17	178.06**	388.95**	18.28*	37.74**	25.17**	21.86**	838.89**	1730.91**	0.68**	1.56**	6.61**	6.06*
Lines	13	131.86**	459.18**	16.23*	32.47**	28.11**	26.16**	710.26**	1526.11**	0.79**	1.99**	4.35**	4.42**
Testers	3	434.44**	108.00**	5.40	11.64	14.87**	9.26*	1497.90**	2161.47**	0.28**	0.11	15.94**	13.89**
Lines vs testers	1	9.52	318.88**	83.73**	184.42**	17.86*	3.80	534.23**	3101.56**	0.03	0.39*	8.22**	3.91**
Parents vs. hybrids	1	1875.65**	1182.76**	169.17**	305.91**	228.25**	137.37**	466.34**	2846.14**	1.57**	0.62**	2.32**	0.01
Hybrids	55	364.89**	293.02**	37.14**	22.52**	41.92**	39.84**	1199.20**	947.28**	0.88**	0.47**	4.97**	3.87**
Error	146	17.01	12.45	8.86	5.34	3.23	3.00	2.44	68.90	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.47
Source of variation	d.f	Polar/Equatorial (P/E) ratio		Total Fruit Yield (kg plant^-1)		Total Soluble Solids (^°Brix)		Dry Matter (%)		Lycopene (mg/100 gm of fresh weight)		Titratable Acidity (mg /100 mL fruit juice)
Source of variation	d.f	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
Replications	2	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.28	0.08	2.59**	0.99**	2.11*	1.26*	0.16	0.00	0.02
Parents	17	0.42**	0.29**	0.67**	0.36	4.30**	0.82**	6.48**	1.40**	3.52**	1.82**	0.07**	0.05**
Lines	13	0.48**	0.31**	0.695**	0.23	5.36**	0.442**	6.74**	1.28**	0.69**	0.278	0.02	0.06**
Testers	3	0.26**	0.30**	0.77**	0.50*	1.00**	2.48**	7.40**	2.37**	4.44**	6.47**	0.09**	0.01
Lines vs testers	1	0.09**	0.02*	0.00	1.69**	0.42**	0.69*	0.31*	0.02	0.03	7.91**	0.01	0.04
Parents vs. hybrids	1	0.61**	0.56**	3.06**	4.79**	5.83**	0.08	0.06	0.21	15.70**	6.36**	0.07**	0.00
Hybrids	55	0.10**	0.07**	0.52**	0.26**	3.31**	0.77**	2.83**	2.11**	2.37**	0.67*	0.04**	0.03**
Error	146	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.15	0.04	0.16	0.07	0.56	0.27	0.42	0.01	0.02

Parents	Pollen Viability (%)		Days from Transplanting to the First Harvest		Harvesting Span (Days)		Average Fruit Weight (g)		Number of Locules per Fruit		Pericarp Thickness (mm)
Parents	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
Lines
SMZ-867	70.00	60.27	140.00	70.73	36.07	36.27	20.60	21.20	2.00	2.00	4.25	3.93
CLN 1621L	81.67	91.53	138.07	72.47	36.27	30.93	55.45	51.66	2.50	3.73	4.15	4.19
PAU 114	85.40	56.13	138.80	73.13	31.40	33.00	76.32	77.90	2.00	2.07	6.00	6.84
FL-556	83.07	62.20	141.67	72.07	38.60	35.67	68.06	68.25	2.00	2.20	5.67	6.13
PAU 2381	72.40	76.67	136.67	71.60	39.00	40.07	78.85	74.60	3.50	2.07	5.38	6.34
LT-44	90.93	53.27	139.80	78.93	32.27	28.73	88.85	96.04	3.34	4.73	5.64	7.23
Punjab Ratta	79.93	57.27	140.73	66.00	36.60	38.07	78.53	70.68	2.17	2.07	7.06	6.61
Roma	80.40	75.67	138.67	72.53	31.47	34.73	68.86	50.89	2.67	2.07	5.37	4.68
LT-42	90.93	83.07	143.40	71.67	35.27	35.00	66.75	67.21	2.50	2.00	7.03	6.38
LST-17	90.73	73.93	135.27	71.20	40.20	34.67	36.06	36.47	2.17	2.07	5.98	5.03
LST-6	79.73	53.07	140.33	70.93	36.87	35.67	49.68	35.52	3.00	2.00	5.38	5.52
Leader	82.33	51.87	140.67	73.00	32.73	31.40	72.13	67.14	2.33	2.07	7.45	6.77
Malintka	81.07	69.60	135.20	66.67	31.07	34.00	13.92	12.76	2.00	2.07	3.62	3.54
Spectrum	91.13	70.73	139.60	76.67	33.13	32.07	63.12	59.76	2.00	2.07	7.40	6.64
Testers
alc-IIHR-2050	90.80	67.60	141.67	76.33	34.80	34.27	50.50	43.39	2.33	2.00	6.02	5.51
nor-RM-1	65.87	71.33	141.33	78.00	31.60	31.07	71.75	69.61	2.67	2.33	7.13	7.53
rin-Rutgers	88.40	81.33	141.60	73.67	36.27	34.93	42.87	27.71	2.17	2.33	4.21	4.87
Olive Green#	90.33	70.33	144.20	77.67	32.07	34.40	8.38	8.83	2.84	2.00	1.85	2.31
Check
PTH-2	75.40	67.93	144.00	71.13	34.47	33.00	75.84	67.04	4.17	3.71	5.72	5.19
Grand Mean	82.66	68.09	140.09	72.86	34.75	34.10	57.19	52.98	2.55	2.40	5.54	5.54
CD (5%)	7.68	6.48	5.61	4.62	3.97	3.90	3.78	15.22	0.50	0.58	0.45	1.23
CD (1%)	10.08	8.23	7.09	5.78	4.92	4.80	4.68	19.78	0.70	0.73	0.56	1.59
Parents	Polar/Equatorial (P/E) ratio		Total Fruit Yield (kg plant-1)		Total Soluble Solids (°Brix)		Dry Matter (%)		Lycopene (mg/100 gm of fresh weight)		Titratable Acidity (mg/100 mL fruit juice)
Parents	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
Lines
SMZ-867	1.58	1.48	1.71	0.93	7.29	5.07	7.16	7.21	3.09	2.21	0.74	0.59
CLN 1621L	0.98	0.89	1.66	1.46	5.64	4.93	7.41	6.66	3.27	3.34	0.58	0.70
PAU 114	1.29	1.19	1.98	1.46	4.17	4.40	5.40	5.94	4.03	2.55	0.68	0.68
FL-556	1.22	1.15	1.80	1.27	4.86	4.50	5.51	5.73	2.96	3.03	0.61	0.43
PAU 2381	0.96	1.14	2.24	1.75	4.24	4.87	5.17	5.81	5.02	4.66	0.52	0.66
LT-44	0.98	0.91	1.83	1.07	5.57	5.23	7.13	5.91	3.51	3.03	0.81	0.61
Punjab Ratta	1.31	1.09	2.40	2.01	4.86	5.00	5.74	7.36	6.59	5.72	0.40	0.66
Roma	2.46	2.21	1.10	0.69	3.99	4.10	6.23	5.47	3.34	2.25	0.64	0.45
LT-42	1.22	1.15	1.60	1.07	5.45	4.50	6.84	5.71	4.11	2.58	0.47	0.42
LST-17	0.97	1.04	1.73	1.47	5.07	5.07	6.28	7.05	3.69	2.58	0.89	0.45
LST-6	1.12	1.37	1.38	1.00	4.53	5.07	4.75	5.63	4.81	2.61	0.69	0.69
Leader	1.42	1.23	1.90	1.68	3.88	4.17	4.60	5.53	3.15	2.70	0.58	0.67
Malintka	0.87	1.16	1.50	1.46	3.01	4.37	7.27	6.26	4.13	2.40	1.01	0.61
Spectrum	1.27	1.19	1.12	1.09	4.73	4.33	4.59	5.71	2.42	2.67	0.60	0.49
Testers
alc-IIHR-2050	1.57	1.64	1.02	0.81	4.84	5.13	5.61	6.30	3.10	3.80	0.69	0.55
nor-RM-1	1.09	1.07	1.62	0.71	4.19	4.13	5.94	6.42	0.91	0.26	0.67	0.45
rin-Rutgers	1.10	1.11	1.49	1.30	3.64	4.40	5.33	4.96	3.71	3.20	0.80	0.59
Olive Green	0.87	0.91	0.50	0.31	4.84	6.17	8.73	7.09	1.02	0.72	0.87	0.51
Check
PTH-2	0.84	0.91	2.45	1.85	4.38	3.52	5.52	4.20	4.03	3.20	0.59	0.52
Grand Mean	1.22	1.20	1.63	1.23	4.69	4.68	6.06	6.05	3.52	2.82	0.68	0.56
CD (5%)	0.20	0.22	0.42	0.73	0.43	0.79	0.53	1.39	0.98	1.17	0.26	0.32
CD (1%)	0.23	0.25	0.52	0.93	0.55	1.01	0.67	1.81	1.26	1.52	0.30	0.38

Cross combinations	Pollen Viability (%)		Days from Transplanting to the First Harvest		Harvesting Span(Days)		Average Fruit Weight (g)		Number of Locules per Fruit		Pericarp Thickness (mm)
Cross combinations	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
SMZ-867×alc-IIHR-2050	73.73	51.67	136.33	71.33	35.73	35.27	43.16	36.02	2.00	2.07	6.65	5.75
SMZ-867×nor-RM-1	80.80	61.93	141.60	65.80	36.93	43.60	33.02	48.44	2.33	2.00	6.15	5.98
SMZ-867×rin-Rutgers	94.27	53.80	140.13	71.47	35.80	33.20	34.78	35.94	2.00	2.00	6.02	4.77
SMZ-867×Olive Green	63.33	57.00	137.20	67.67	32.00	39.40	43.20	44.86	2.00	2.00	3.83	5.79
CLN 1621L×alc-IIHR-2050	89.93	63.07	140.67	70.27	39.40	37.60	76.35	59.78	3.67	2.93	5.09	6.17
CLN 1621L×nor-RM-1	91.80	66.67	140.40	68.93	33.60	38.87	51.04	49.58	2.50	2.53	4.39	5.14
CLN 1621L×rin-Rutgers	67.53	64.33	138.27	69.73	39.40	35.53	46.80	54.93	2.84	3.27	4.73	4.50
CLN 1621L×Olive Green	63.60	65.47	140.33	67.27	39.93	34.93	21.08	17.65	2.34	2.47	4.30	4.08
PAU 114×alc-IIHR-2050	77.87	55.33	131.33	71.80	42.40	30.53	85.36	75.99	2.00	2.07	8.41	5.75
PAU 114×nor-RM-1	81.20	58.27	134.47	66.33	34.80	33.07	63.67	44.32	2.00	2.00	8.25	6.49
PAU 114×rin-Rutgers	61.40	84.13	139.47	67.40	34.73	38.33	37.55	38.85	2.33	2.00	5.80	5.80
PAU 114×Olive Green	86.73	69.53	141.33	73.07	30.40	30.93	23.43	32.55	2.00	2.00	4.36	4.32
FL-556×alc-IIHR-2050	63.47	58.00	131.93	68.80	42.53	39.00	58.85	59.50	2.00	2.07	6.29	6.62
FL-556×nor-RM-1	79.33	64.47	135.20	76.27	31.47	37.40	67.05	65.28	2.00	2.07	8.31	6.41
FL-556×rin-Rutgers	58.67	55.60	141.33	68.80	37.13	40.00	46.57	47.79	2.34	2.00	6.27	5.47
FL-556×Olive Green	77.47	76.80	143.07	68.87	34.07	35.93	26.00	25.79	2.00	2.00	4.29	4.21
PAU 2381×alc-IIHR-2050	74.73	53.87	134.00	75.13	40.47	29.40	76.12	71.72	2.00	2.07	6.13	5.95
PAU 2381×nor-RM-1	89.93	65.53	135.53	73.40	43.00	32.00	79.27	85.42	2.34	2.37	7.64	7.96
PAU 2381×rin-Rutgers	62.47	62.47	141.40	70.33	36.40	41.00	50.81	63.84	2.33	2.40	5.42	6.25
PAU 2381×Olive Green	82.13	68.67	140.33	72.27	36.47	35.60	23.29	28.47	2.00	2.33	4.53	4.23
LT-44×alc-IIHR-2050	80.67	77.53	132.67	68.33	41.47	37.73	91.35	86.89	4.17	2.87	6.60	7.13
LT-44×nor-RM-1	81.93	51.67	138.00	74.27	35.73	33.20	75.78	53.51	2.38	2.53	4.97	5.15
LT-44×rin-Rutgers	58.73	66.33	131.53	68.80	42.67	37.80	82.03	75.61	4.84	3.93	5.87	6.50
LT-44×Olive Green	64.60	57.73	141.80	67.27	35.73	43.00	31.03	33.29	3.33	3.53	4.54	4.44
Punjab Ratta×alc-IIHR-2050	71.33	50.20	132.20	67.13	42.47	41.27	63.98	65.29	2.00	2.00	7.21	6.92
Punjab Ratta×nor-RM-1	89.33	50.67	134.00	71.27	40.73	37.07	63.61	68.02	2.00	2.07	7.64	7.55
Punjab Ratta×rin-Rutgers	71.00	52.07	139.80	67.27	34.33	35.40	43.47	52.62	2.00	2.07	6.19	5.96
Cross combinations	Pollen Viability (%)		Days from Transplanting to the First Harvest		Harvesting Span (Days)		Average Fruit Weight (g)		Number of Locules per Fruit		Pericarp Thickness (mm)
Cross combinations	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
Roma×alc-IIHR-2050	72.53	83.93	131.00	73.60	42.00	31.93	56.79	58.17	2.00	2.00	4.69	5.81
Roma×nor-RM-1	87.33	53.13	142.53	71.47	37.33	33.33	85.64	90.90	2.13	2.13	6.67	6.45
Roma×rin-Rutgers	81.27	52.13	138.33	73.67	35.73	30.93	45.22	70.03	2.34	2.00	5.90	6.73
Roma×Olive Green	84.40	63.00	142.00	71.00	33.33	32.27	26.04	24.32	2.07	2.00	5.19	4.90
LT-42×alc-IIHR-2050	88.07	64.40	137.33	69.80	41.93	37.47	55.88	53.38	2.17	2.00	7.14	5.71
LT-42×nor-RM-1	79.33	53.47	140.33	70.67	32.70	31.87	61.34	57.27	2.00	2.07	7.05	7.27
LT-42×rin-Rutgers	79.33	52.20	138.00	72.73	37.57	32.33	60.15	66.96	2.33	2.13	6.05	6.48
LT-42×Olive Green	82.07	72.60	140.27	67.37	41.27	37.47	30.21	33.12	2.22	2.00	5.27	4.87
LST-17×alc-IIHR-2050	93.47	70.67	131.07	73.67	40.40	35.53	45.17	67.39	2.33	2.53	6.42	5.93
LST-17×nor-RM-1	64.20	53.67	137.00	68.60	32.80	35.60	50.36	54.18	2.00	2.00	6.59	6.43
LST-17×rin-Rutgers	88.67	85.00	138.73	68.60	36.33	35.27	42.63	47.62	2.33	2.07	4.45	5.03
LST-17×Olive Green	66.27	52.40	141.40	67.00	35.00	38.27	17.39	23.43	2.00	2.00	4.66	3.72
LST-6×alc-IIHR-2050	92.07	82.00	137.27	69.20	35.87	37.00	52.84	59.59	2.17	2.00	5.99	6.21
LST-6×nor-RM-1	81.40	66.00	138.20	66.87	38.20	41.40	36.37	47.97	2.00	2.00	6.03	6.28
LST-6×rin-Rutgers	60.73	71.00	136.80	66.33	42.67	39.07	28.14	40.76	2.00	2.00	5.42	5.44
LST-6×Olive Green	72.87	63.67	141.07	73.00	33.87	36.40	17.42	21.48	2.00	2.00	3.95	3.89
Leader×alc-IIHR-2050	93.33	52.67	135.60	71.93	41.27	32.93	41.70	53.69	2.17	2.13	7.11	7.73
Leader×nor-RM-1	95.47	51.07	132.00	77.47	42.20	36.33	73.38	78.75	2.00	2.07	6.38	7.59
Leader×rin-Rutgers	91.60	50.20	140.40	69.40	31.33	35.33	39.69	38.02	2.50	2.20	7.26	5.54
Leader×Olive Green	60.73	64.27	141.07	74.67	37.33	28.27	20.44	24.06	2.00	2.00	4.27	3.89
Malintka×alc-IIHR-2050	95.07	81.80	139.67	68.67	31.07	33.73	31.10	27.55	2.00	2.07	3.44	4.23
Malintka×nor-RM-1	83.33	55.67	142.93	67.27	30.67	43.53	36.95	32.24	2.00	2.00	5.05	4.53
Malintka×rin-Rutgers	62.67	53.73	135.60	69.27	39.00	38.40	27.14	21.72	2.00	2.07	4.15	3.87
Malintka×Olive Green	62.73	64.13	137.67	70.93	32.80	39.07	18.35	22.24	2.00	2.07	3.79	3.63
Spectrum×alc-IIHR-2050	92.07	77.73	134.40	68.80	41.00	29.93	48.50	48.65	2.00	2.00	7.65	5.56
Spectrum×nor-RM-1	82.73	70.60	140.47	73.53	38.80	32.93	71.23	72.65	2.00	2.00	7.19	5.77
Spectrum×rin-Rutgers	94.67	64.73	141.40	68.27	40.27	40.93	46.33	54.27	2.00	2.13	4.23	5.40
Spectrum×Olive Green	75.07	60.40	138.87	70.07	34.67	37.27	46.65	43.82	2.00	2.07	6.59	3.69
CD (5%)	7.68	6.48	5.61	4.62	3.97	3.90	3.78	15.22	0.50	0.58	0.45	1.23
CD (1%)	10.08	8.23	7.09	5.78	4.92	4.80	4.68	19.78	0.70	0.53	0.56	1.59
Cross combinations	Polar/Equatorial (P/E) ratio		Total Fruit Yield (kg plant-1)		Total Soluble Solids (°Brix)		Dry Matter (%)		Lycopene (mg/100 gm of fresh weight)		Titratable Acidity (mg /100 ml fruit juice)
Cross combinations	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
SMZ-867 × alc-IIHR-2050	1.23	1.25	2.21	1.02	5.17	4.43	6.19	5.07	3.03	2.80	0.71	0.64
SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1	1.21	1.16	1.83	1.90	6.70	4.67	8.49	5.40	4.01	3.36	0.88	0.89
SMZ-867 × rin-Rutgers	1.35	1.27	1.57	1.65	4.86	4.97	6.50	6.68	4.24	2.79	0.62	0.79
SMZ-867 × Olive Green	1.10	1.17	2.14	0.97	6.72	4.43	7.50	6.45	4.00	3.43	0.83	0.70
CLN 1621L × alc-IIHR-2050	0.93	0.89	2.56	1.84	4.74	4.23	5.04	5.10	3.00	2.79	0.72	0.73
CLN 1621L × nor-RM-1	1.10	1.29	1.93	1.50	4.87	4.13	5.92	5.11	3.93	3.34	0.83	0.77
CLN 1621L × rin-Rutgers	0.90	0.91	1.57	1.71	5.29	4.40	6.91	6.15	2.99	3.30	0.95	0.72
CLN 1621L × Olive Green	0.84	0.89	1.96	1.44	6.60	5.37	7.16	6.32	3.87	3.15	0.64	0.66
PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050	1.19	1.11	1.92	1.32	4.59	4.17	6.81	5.83	3.69	4.10	0.77	0.89
PAU 114 × nor-RM-1	1.12	1.36	2.30	1.42	4.68	5.20	6.34	6.23	4.72	2.84	0.61	0.77
PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers	1.13	1.17	0.93	1.38	5.03	3.90	6.59	7.20	3.79	2.53	0.69	0.61
PAU 114 × Olive Green	1.08	0.98	2.08	1.42	6.34	5.37	7.28	7.49	4.19	3.15	0.66	0.68
FL-556 × alc-IIHR-2050	1.27	1.30	1.26	1.88	4.53	4.90	6.00	6.33	4.63	3.13	0.76	0.55
FL-556 × nor-RM-1	1.15	1.03	1.50	1.24	4.45	4.30	5.21	5.87	5.61	2.82	0.82	0.79
FL-556 × rin-Rutgers	1.16	1.01	1.62	1.60	4.81	3.90	6.73	5.05	4.52	3.43	0.71	0.80
FL-556 × Olive Green	1.03	0.99	1.48	1.15	5.93	5.43	8.00	7.54	3.13	2.93	0.74	0.58
PAU 2381 × alc-IIHR-2050	1.34	1.26	2.09	1.82	3.98	4.13	5.61	5.63	5.03	4.00	0.59	0.67
PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1	1.13	1.03	2.64	1.39	4.82	5.60	5.59	6.48	6.48	2.93	0.67	0.68
PAU 2381 × rin-Rutgers	1.03	1.30	1.51	1.99	4.03	4.40	4.99	5.35	3.51	2.41	0.70	0.65
PAU 2381 × Olive Green	1.13	0.95	1.57	1.48	6.21	5.10	7.65	7.48	5.71	2.38	0.50	0.63
LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050	0.99	1.13	1.69	1.88	4.18	4.37	5.02	5.43	5.08	2.89	0.56	0.61
LT-44 × nor-RM-1	0.93	0.96	2.26	1.82	5.18	4.50	6.13	6.24	3.55	3.42	0.80	0.79
LT-44 × rin-Rutgers	0.86	0.91	2.44	1.99	4.78	4.37	4.93	7.20	2.69	3.06	0.56	0.71
LT-44 × Olive Green	1.13	1.06	1.63	1.27	6.51	5.30	6.91	6.26	3.70	4.80	0.56	0.46
Punjab Ratta × alc-IIHR2050	1.13	1.23	1.66	1.47	4.90	4.57	6.52	5.89	2.56	3.00	0.80	0.70
Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1	1.18	1.10	2.05	1.08	3.13	5.89	5.61	6.23	3.49	1.91	0.75	0.68
Punjab Ratta × rin-Rutgers	1.11	1.04	1.78	1.34	4.77	4.40	5.58	5.89	3.72	2.17	0.63	0.74
Punjab Ratta × Olive Green	1.02	0.97	1.95	1.39	6.11	5.70	7.40	8.04	4.08	4.07	0.77	0.75
Cross combinations		Polar/Equatorial (P/E) ratio		Total Fruit Yield (kg plant-1)		Total Soluble Solids (°Brix)		Dry Matter (%)		Lycopene (mg/100 gm of fresh weight)		Titratable Acidity (mg /100 ml fruit juice)
	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂	E₁	E₂
Roma ×nor-RM-1	1.43	1.44	2.61	1.94	4.95	4.70	6.26	5.94	4.66	3.11	0.76	0.67
Roma ×rin-Rutgers	1.51	1.13	2.10	1.20	4.05	5.20	5.42	7.01	5.19	2.26	0.64	0.77
Roma × Olive Green	1.51	1.42	1.56	1.17	6.05	5.53	7.17	7.43	3.18	3.99	0.81	0.64
LT-42 × alc-IIHR-2050	1.30	1.24	2.17	1.06	3.81	4.33	5.20	5.35	3.13	2.99	0.69	0.72
LT-42 × nor-RM-1	1.14	1.00	2.17	1.91	3.94	5.30	5.40	5.84	2.73	2.91	0.69	0.57
LT-42 × rin-Rutgers	1.10	1.17	1.81	1.90	3.94	4.37	4.61	4.48	4.36	3.43	0.70	0.71
LT-42 × Olive Green	1.01	1.00	1.77	1.02	5.28	5.67	8.38	8.33	3.83	3.89	0.56	0.49
LST-17 × alc-IIHR-2050	1.08	1.02	2.00	1.17	4.18	4.20	5.39	6.05	3.56	2.68	0.66	0.67
LST-17 × nor-RM-1	0.95	0.99	1.59	1.36	4.88	4.77	5.33	6.25	4.95	2.14	0.67	0.79
LST-17 × rin-Rutgers	0.91	1.01	1.56	1.82	4.08	4.37	4.95	7.19	3.52	2.92	0.74	0.74
LST-17 × Olive Green	1.07	1.00	1.10	1.28	6.48	5.67	7.04	7.91	4.38	3.64	0.61	0.54
LST-6 × alc-IIHR-2050	0.98	1.39	1.79	1.23	5.72	4.33	6.16	5.48	5.06	2.68	0.72	0.72
LST-6 × nor-RM-1	0.85	1.03	2.00	1.35	6.38	4.33	7.29	5.98	3.81	3.82	1.28	0.74
LST-6 × rin-Rutgers	1.15	1.15	1.72	1.63	4.43	4.60	5.31	6.19	3.34	2.35	0.86	0.77
LST-6 × Olive Green	1.03	0.99	1.86	1.45	6.86	5.73	7.40	7.81	4.23	2.58	0.68	0.62
Leader ×alc-IIHR-2050	1.29	1.34	0.94	1.44	4.43	5.20	5.92	6.30	2.83	2.57	0.67	0.73
Leader ×nor-RM-1	1.10	1.10	1.97	1.19	4.27	4.20	5.67	5.72	3.87	2.96	0.79	0.54
Leader ×rin-Rutgers	1.02	1.21	1.19	1.18	4.30	5.07	6.08	6.39	4.27	2.20	0.77	0.94
Leader × Olive Green	1.03	1.02	1.12	1.29	5.62	5.13	6.71	7.01	5.51	2.80	0.64	0.56
Malintka × alc-IIHR-2050	1.12	1.11	1.61	1.96	4.62	4.67	5.37	6.79	2.56	3.00	0.72	0.88
Malintka × nor-RM-1	0.95	0.92	1.29	1.19	4.92	4.37	6.49	6.29	4.94	2.66	0.80	0.78
Malintka × rin-Rutgers	1.00	1.05	0.84	1.19	4.37	4.70	5.43	6.15	3.21	2.33	0.79	0.81
Malintka × Olive Green	1.03	0.98	1.32	1.31	5.85	5.37	7.16	6.99	4.28	2.38	0.82	0.77
Spectrum × alc-IIHR-2050	1.32	1.18	1.18	1.03	4.41	5.21	5.58	5.82	2.94	2.13	0.72	0.55
Spectrum × nor-RM-1	1.18	1.06	2.00	1.78	4.43	4.50	6.44	5.45	4.34	1.89	0.67	0.81
Spectrum × rin-Rutgers	1.16	1.05	1.46	1.42	6.13	4.10	7.50	5.33	4.86	3.33	0.83	0.71
Spectrum × Olive Green	1.25	0.98	1.45	1.30	4.22	5.60	5.47	7.74	2.73	2.26	0.73	0.44
CD (5%)	0.20	0.22	0.42	0.73	0.43	0.79	0.53	1.39	0.98	1.17	0.26	0.32
CD (1%)	0.23	0.25	0.52	0.93	0.55	1.01	0.67	1.81	1.26	1.52	0.30	0.38

Traits		Best crosses Per se	Best heterotic crosses over better parent	Best heterotic crosses over check (PTH-2)
Pollen Viability (%)	E₁	Leader × nor-RM-1 (95.47) Malintka ×alc-IIHR-2050 (95.07) Spectrum × rin-Rutgers (94.67) SMZ-867 × rin-Rutgers (94.27)	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (36.53*) Leader × nor-RM-1 (15.96) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (15.43) Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1 (12.61*)	Leader × nor-RM-1 (26.62*) Malintka × alc-IIHR-2050 (26.09) Spectrum × rin-Rutgers (25.56) SMZ-867 × rin-Rutgers (25.03*)
Pollen Viability (%)	E₂	LST-17 × rin-Rutgers (85.00) PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers (84.13) Roma ×alc-IIHR-2050 (83.93) LST-6 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (82.00)	LST-6 × alc-IIHR-2050 (21.30*) Malintka × alc-IIHR-2050 (17.53) LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050 (14.69) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (10.92*)	LST-17 × rin-Rutgers (25.13*) PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers (23.85) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (23.55) LST-6 × alc-IIHR-2050 (20.71*)
Days from Transplanting to the First Harvest	E₁	Roma ×alc-IIHR-2050 (72.53) LST-17 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (93.47) PAU 114 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (77.87) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (58.73)	Punjab Ratta × Olive Green (-24.50*) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (-20.12) LST-17 × alc-IIHR-2050(3.02) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (-14.24*)	Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (-3.81) LST-17 × alc-IIHR-2050 (23.97*) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (3.28) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (-22.11*)
Days from Transplanting to the First Harvest	E₂	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (65.80) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (66.33) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (66.33) LST-6 ×nor-RM-1 (66.87)	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (-15.64*) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (-14.96) LT-44 × Olive Green (-14.71) LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (-14.27*)	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (-7.49*) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (-6.75) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (-6.75) LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (-5.99*)
Harvesting Span (Days)	E₁	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (43.00) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (42.67) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (42.67) FL-556 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (42.53)	Leader × nor-RM-1 (28.93) LT-42 × Olive green (27.89) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (21.84*) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (20.69) LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050 (19.17*)	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (24.75*) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (23.79) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (23.79) FL-556 × alc-IIHR-2050 (23.38) Punjab Ratta × alc-IIHR-2050 (23.21*)
Harvesting Span (Days)	E₂	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (43.60) Malintka × nor-RM-1 (43.53) LT-44 × Olive Green (43.00) LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (41.40)	Malintka × nor-RM-1 (28.03*) CLN1621L × nor-RM-1 (25.10) LT-44 × Olive Green (25.00) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (20.21*)	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (32.12*) Malintka × nor-RM-1 (31.91) LT-44 × Olive Green (30.30) LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (25.45*)
Average Fruit Weight (g)	E₁	LT-44 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (91.35) Roma × nor-RM-1 (85.64) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (85.36) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (82.03)	SMZ-867 × Olive Green (109.71*) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (11.84) Roma × nor-RM-1 (19.36) LT-44 × alc*-IIHR-2050 (2.81)	LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050 (20.45*) Roma × nor-RM-1 (12.92* ) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (12.55*) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (8.16)
Average Fruit Weight (g)	E₂	Roma × nor-RM-1 (90.90) LT-44 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (86.89) PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (85.42) Leader × nor-RM-1 (78.75)	SMZ-867 × Olive Green (111.60*) LST-17 × rin-Rutgers (30.57) LST-17 × alc-IIHR-2050 (55.31) Roma × rin-Rutgers (37.61) Roma × nor-RM-1 (30.58*)	Roma × nor-RM-1 (35.59*) LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050 (29.61) PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (27.42) Leader × nor-RM-1 (17.47) PAU 114 × alc*-IIHR-2050 (13.35)
Traits		Best crosses Per se	Best heterotic crosses over better parent	Best heterotic crosses over check (PTH-2)
Number of Loculesper Fruit	E₁	SMZ-867 × alc-IIHR-2050 (2.00) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (2.00) PAU 114 × Olive Green (2.00) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (2.00)	PAU2381 × alc-IIHR-2050 (-42.86) PAU 2381 × Olive Green (-42.86) PAU 2381 × rin-Rutgers (-33.43**)	SMZ-867 × alc-IIHR-2050 (-52.04*) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (-52.04) PAU 114 × Olive Green (-52.04) FL-556 × nor-RM-1(-52.04*)
Number of Loculesper Fruit	E₂	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (2.00) PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers (2.00) FL-556 × rin-Rutgers (2.00) LT-42 × alc-IIHR-2050 (2.00)	LT-44 × nor-RM-1 (-39.32*) LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050 (-46.51) CLN1621L × Olive Green (-33.78) CLN1621L × nor-RM-1 (-32.17*)	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (-46.09*) PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers (-46.09) FL-556 × rin-Rutgers (-46.09) LT-42 × alc-IIHR-2050 (-46.09*)
Pericarp Thickness (mm)	E₁	PAU 114 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (8.41) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (8.31) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (8.25) Spectrum ×alc-IIHR-2050 (7.65)	SMZ-867 × rin-Rutgers (41.65*) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (39.70) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (16.55) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (13.71*)	PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050 (47.03*) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (45.28) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (44.23) Spectrum × alc-IIHR-2050 (33.74*)
Pericarp Thickness (mm)	E₂	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (7.96) Leader ×alc-IIHR-2050 (7.73) Leader × nor-RM-1 (7.59) Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1 (7.55)	SMZ-867 × Olive Green (47.33*) Roma × rin-Rutgers (38.19*)	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (53.37*) Leader × alc-IIHR-2050 (48.94) Leader × nor-RM-1 (46.24) Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1 (45.47*)
Polar/Equatorial (P/E) ratio	E₁	Roma ×alc-IIHR-2050 (1.90) Roma × Olive Green (1.51) Roma × rin-Rutgers (1.51) Roma × nor-RM-1 (1.43)	Malintka × Olive Green (18.39) PAU 2381 × Olive Green (17.71) LT-44 × Olive Green (15.31) CLN1621L × Olive Green (12.24)	Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (126.19) Roma × Olive Green (79.76) Roma × rin-Rutgers (79.76*) Roma × nor-RM-1 (70.24) SMZ-867 × rin-Rutgers (60.71*)
Polar/Equatorial (P/E) ratio	E₂	Roma ×alc-IIHR-2050 (1.66) Roma × nor-RM-1 (1.44) Roma × Olive Green (1.42) LST-6 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (1.39)	CLN1621L × nor-RM-1 (20.56) LT-44 × Olive Green (16.48) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (14.29**)	Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (82.42*) Roma × nor-RM-1 (58.24) Roma × Olive Green (56.04) LST-6 × alc-IIHR-2050 (52.75*)
Total Fruit Yield (kg plant^-1)	E₁	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (2.64) Roma × nor-RM-1 (2.61) CLN1621L ×alc-IIHR-2050 (2.56) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (2.44)	Roma × nor-RM-1 (54.44*) CLN1621L × alc-IIHR-2050 (54.22) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (43.64) Roma × Olive Green (41.82*)	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (17.76) Roma × nor-RM-1 (16.53)
Total Fruit Yield (kg plant^-1)	E₂	PAU 2381 × rin-Rutgers (1.99) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (1.99) Malintka ×alc-IIHR-2050 (1.11) Roma × nor-RM-1 (1.94)	Roma × nor-RM-1 (173.24*) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (104.30) LT-42 × nor-RM-1 (78.50) LT-44 × alc-IIHR-2050 (75.70*)	PAU 2381 × rin-Rutgers (27.57) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (27.57)
Traits		Best crosses Per se	Best heterotic crosses over better parent	Best heterotic crosses over check (PTH-2)
Total Soluble Solids (^°Brix)	E₁	LST-6 × Olive Green (6.86) SMZ-867 × Olive Green (6.72) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (6.70) CLN1621L × Olive Green (6.60)	LST-6 × Olive Green (41.74*) LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (40.84) PAU 114 × Olive Green (30.99) Spectrum × rin-Rutgers (29.60*)	LST-6 × Olive Green (56.62) SMZ-867 × Olive Green (53.42) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (52.97) CLN1621L × Olive Green (50.68)
Total Soluble Solids (^°Brix)	E₂	Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1 (5.89) LST-6 × Olive Green (5.73) Punjab Ratta × Olive Green (5.70) LT-42 × Olive Green (5.67)	Spectrum × nor-RM-1 (20.32*) PAU 114 × nor-RM-1 (18.18) Roma × rin-Rutgers (18.18) Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1 (17.8**)	Punjab Ratta × nor-RM-1 (67.33) LST-6 × Olive Green (62.78) Punjab Ratta × Olive Green (61.93) LT-42 × Olive Green (61.08) LST-17 × Olive Green (61.08**)
Dry Matter (%)	E₁	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (8.49) LT-42 × Olive Green (8.33) FL-556 × Olive Green (8.00) PAU 2381 × Olive Green (7.65)	Spectrum × rin-Rutgers (40.71*) FL-556 × rin-Rutgers (26.27) LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (22.73) PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers (22.04*)	SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (53.80) LT-42 × Olive Green (51.81) FL-556 × Olive Green (44.93) PAU 2381 × Olive Green (38.59)
Dry Matter (%)	E_2a	LT-42 × Olive Green (8.33) Punjab Ratta × Olive Green (8.04) LST-17 × Olive Green (7.91) LST-6 × Olive Green (7.81)	Roma × rin-Rutgers (28.15) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (27.71) LT-44 × rin-Rutgers (21.83) PAU 114 × rin-Rutgers (21.21)	LT-42 × Olive Green (98.33) Punjab Ratta × OliveGreen (91.43) LST-17 × Olive Green (88.33) LST-6 × Olive Green (85.93) Spectrum × Olive Green (84.29**)
Lycopene (mg/100 gm of fresh weight)	E₁	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (6.48) PAU 2381 × Olive Green (5.71) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (5.61) Leader × Olive Green (5.51)	FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (89.53*) Spectrum × nor-RM-1 (79.34) Leader × Olive Green (74.92) Roma × rin-Rutgers (39.89*)	PAU 2381 × nor-RM-1 (60.79) PAU 2381 × Olive Green (41.69) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (39.21) Leader × Olive Green (36.72)
Lycopene (mg/100 gm of fresh weight)	E₂	LT-44 × Olive Green (4.80) PAU 114 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (4.10) Punjab Ratta × Olive Green (4.07) PAU 2381 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (4.00)	Roma × Olive Green (77.33*) SMZ-867 × Olive Green (55.20) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (52.04) LT-42 × Olive Green (50.78)	LT-44 × Olive Green (50.00**)
Titratable Acidity (mg /100 ml fruit juice)	E₁	LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (1.28) CLN1621L × rin-Rutgers (0.95) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (0.88) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (0.86)	LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (85.51*) CLN1621L × nor-RM-1 (23.88) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (22.39) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (18.92) CLN1621L × rin-Rutgers (18.75*)	LST-6 × nor-RM-1 (116.95*) CLN1621L × rin-Rutgers (61.02) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (49.15) LST-6 × rin-Rutgers (45.76*)
Titratable Acidity (mg /100 ml fruit juice)	E₂	Leader × rin-Rutgers (0.94) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (0.89) PAU 114 ×alc-IIHR-2050 (0.89) Malintka ×alc-IIHR-2050 (0.88)	Spectrum × nor-RM-1 (80.00*) FL-556 × nor-RM-1 (75.56) LST-17 × nor-RM-1 (75.56) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (52.73) Roma × nor-RM-1 (48.89)	Leader × rin-Rutgers (80.77*) SMZ-867 × nor-RM-1 (71.15) PAU 114 × alc-IIHR-2050(71.15) Malintka × alc-IIHR-2050 (69.23) Roma × alc-IIHR-2050 (61.54*)

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[1] *Correspondence: sayeed-coavc@pau.edu; Tel.: +91-98775-02397 (S. A. H. P.).