Comparative Study of the Efficacy of L-Tryptophan Nanoparticles on Motor and Cognitive Behavior in an Alzheimer's Experimental Model

Furmann, Meirielly; Miri, Andressa Leticia; Hosni, Andressa Panegalli; Kerppers, Ivo Ilvan; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides; Mascarenhas, Luis Paulo Gomes

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-75years-2021210408

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Article - 75 years - Special Edition • Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 64 (spe) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-75years-2021210408 copy

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of L-Tryptophan Nanoparticles on Motor and Cognitive Behavior in an Alzheimer's Experimental Model

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS

L-tryptophan and Nanoparticles in the motor and cognitive behavior in Alzheimer.

L-tryptophan Nanoparticles it lowers anxiety and improves motor behavior in Alzheimer.

Acute Effect of L-Tryptophan Nanoparticles on Alzheimer's Disease.

Acute Effect of L-Tryptophan Nanoparticles in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, with cognitive as well as behavioral manifestations. Also related to this pathology, is the decreased production and activation of some neurotransmitters, such as Serotonin, which is derived from the Tryptophan. Different methods to improve the effect and performance of some drugs have been studied including the Nanoparticles. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of L-tryptophan and L-tryptophan Nanoparticles in the acute response of motor and cognitive behavior in an Alzheimer's experimental model. Methods: 15 Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups (n = 5): GC (Alzheimer's control group), GLt (L-tryptophan), and GN (Nanoparticles). They were treated for six consecutive days. Anxiety tests, spatial memory tests, aversive memory tests, and motor behavior tests were all performed during this study. In the analysis of anxiety, improvement was observed in both treatments, being that GN presented improvement in two variables: freezing (79±18.8; 74.6±14.2) and TBF (287.8±1.08; 268±40.8). GLt only presented improvement in freezing (103.8±44.4). In the spatial memory analysis, there were no significant differences in aversive memory and motor behavior during the treatments. During the Size Effect analysis treatments, it is possible to observe some differences both in anxiety and motor behavior, precisely where NG presented better results than GLt. Even in a short period of time, the nanoparticles demonstrated great benefits as a treatment method. Conclusion: the use of nanoparticles is an effective treatment against changes in motor and cognitive behavior caused by Alzheimer´s, as it lowers anxiety and improves motor behavior.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease; nanoparticles; tryptophan

GROUPS (n = 5)	DESCRIPTION	INTERVENTION
CG	Induction of senile plaques	Without intervention
NG	Nanoparticles group with induction of senile plaques	Ingestion of L-Tryptophan Nanoparticles
LtG	L-Tryptophan group with induction of senile plaques	Ingestion of L-Tryptophan

ANXIETY		Freezing^Ω(s)	Grooming^Ω(n)	TOA^Ω (s)	TCA^¥(s)
Alzheimer´s	pre induction	3±3.46^a	1.6±0.54	11±8.06	289±8.06
Alzheimer´s	post induction	79.4±20.8	2.4±1.14	20.0±25.7	279±25.7
Nanoparticles	pre induction	3.6±4.9^a	2.4±1.51	51.4±41.9	130.2±99.7^a
	post induction	79±18.8^b	2.2±2.2	4.0±8.9	287,8±1,08^b
	post treatment	74.6±14.2	2.0±1.5	30±41.4	268±408
L- tryptophan	pre induction	11.8±8.16^a	0.6±0.8	1.0±2.23	286.4±11.9
	post induction	103.8±44.4^b	0.4±0.54	3.0±6.7	287.2±14.8
	post treatment	69.4±20.8	1.0±1.0	8.0±13	289.6±17.3

SPATIAL MEMORY		Latency^Ω(s)
Alzheimer´s	pre induction	7.4±5.2^a
Alzheimer´s	post induction	300±0.0
Nanoparticles	pre induction	49.8±39.9
	post induction	9.4±6.6
	post treatment	6.2±2.7
L- tryptophan	pre induction	33.6±28.6
	post induction	9.6±7.12
	post treatment	11±6.9

AVERSIVE MEMORY		Freezing^Ω(s)
Alzheimer´s	pre induction	9.6±5.0
Alzheimer´s	post induction	11±1.22
Nanoparticles	pre induction	12±6.2
	post induction	8±2.5
	post treatment	5.8±1.7
L- tryptophan	pre induction	17.8±8.6^a
	post induction	4.2±4.9
	post treatment	11.4±6.9

MOTOR BEHAVIOR		Stands^¥ (n)	Freezing ^¥ (s)	Feces^Ω (n)	Latency^Ω (s)		Q1^¥ (n)	Q2^¥ (n)		Q4^¥ (n)
Alzheimer´s	pre induction	40±9.8^a	5.6±3.7^a	3.6±1.67	2.8±1.92	6.8±2.04^a		7±2.7^a	7.2±2.9^a	6.2±2.16^a
Alzheimer´s	post induction	7±2.4	138.8±39.1	3.4±2.7	35.8±58.4		1.6±0.89	1.6±1.8	1.6±1.81	1.2±1.09
Nanoparticles	pre induction	33.6±4.2^a	9,8±6.01^a	4.8±2.1	9.8±4.5		6.4±1.8^a	7.2±1.7^a	7.2±3.4^a	8±2.9^a
	post induction	10.6±4.3	102.6±17.7	1.4±1.5	4.8±4.7		3±2.4	3.4±2.3	2.6±1.5	2±1.7
	post treatment	12.8±1.3	72.2±11.6	0.8±0.4	0±0		2±1	1.6±0.8	1±0.7	1.2±1
L- tryptophan	pre induction	33.4±8.3^a	14.8±5.6^a	4.8±1.3	10.4±4.5		7.6±2.4^a	5.6±2.1	4±1.8	6.6±2.4^a
	post induction	12.4±7.6	105.4±26.1	3.2±3.8	18±11.5		2.2±1.6	2.6±0.8	1.8±1	2±1.2
	post treatment	7.2±4.08	115.6±69.2	2.8±1.9	16.2±18		1.6±1.5	1.4±0.5	1.4±0.8	1±0.7

Size Effect		Nanoparticles		L-tryptophan
Size Effect		d	r	d	r
Anxiety	Freezing (s)	0.26	0.13	0.99	0.44
	Grooming (n)	0.1	0.05	-0.74	-0.34
	TOA (s)	-0.86	-0.39	-0.48	-0.23
	TCA (s)	0.66	0.31	-0.14	-0.07
Spatial Memory	Latency (s)	0.63	0.3	-0.19	-0.09
Aversive Memory	Freezing (s)	1	0.45^ŧ	-1.2	-0.51
Motor Behavior	Stands (n)	-0.69	-0.32	0.85	0.39
	Freezing (s)	2.03	0.71^ŧ	-0.19	-0.09
	Feces (n)	0.54	0.26	0.13	0.06
	Latency (s)	1.44	0.58^ŧ	0.11	0.05
	Q1 (n)	0.54	0.26	0.38	0.18
	Q2 (n)	1	0.46^ŧ	1.79	0.66^ŧ
	Q3 (n)	1.36	0.56^ŧ	0.46	0.21
	Q4 (n)	0.56	0.26	1	0.45^ŧ

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