Flower Biology and the Effects of Different Chemicals on Pollen Germination of Some Early Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Sweet cherry fruit is a tasty and valuable product for consumers. In order to increase the export share of cherry, which is also very important in export, it is beneficial to grow with cherry varieties that mature at different times. The cherries offered to the market in the early period will be more attractive. In this study, morphological and biological features of pistils of early-maturing ‘Cristalina’, ‘Early Lory’, ‘Prime Giant’, fruit set rates and pollen germination status and some chemical applications were investigated. As a result, fruit sets of cultivars were 17.6-28.6% in two years. Significant differences were observed in pistil morphology of the cultivars and ‘Cristalina’ had shorter pistil (14.35-14.51 mm) and style (11.47-11.65 mm) lengths than the other cultivars. Greater deformation was observed in primary ovules of ‘Early Lory’ right after anthesis. There were not significant differences in pollen germination ratios of the cultivars, but boric acid treatments improved pollen germination ratios of all cultivars. Boric acid application increased pollen germination with 21%. This was followed by IAA (8%), GA₃ (5%), KNO₃ (4%). It was concluded based on present findings that in orchard establishment with the early cultivars, flower biology should momentously be assessed.

Keywords:
Prunus avium L; anthesis; pistil; style; ovule; fruit set

Cultivar	Fruit Set (%)
Cultivar	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group
‘Cristalina’	28.58±1.13	a*	23.58±1.43	ns
‘Early Lory’	17.58±1.06	b	22.84±1.26
‘Prime Giant’	20.85±4.08	ab	26.10±3.38
P value	0.0412		0.4886

Cultivar	Pistil fresh weight (mg)				Pistil moisture content (%)
Cultivar	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group
‘Cristalina’	12.23±0.66	b*	12.15±0.45	ns	80.22±0.64	b*	80.23±0.43	b*
‘Early Lory’	12.18±0.33	b	12.41±0.43		80.45±0.24	b	80.69±0.43	b
‘Prime Giant’	13.69±0.52	a	13.46±0.37		81.94±0.52	a	81.73±0.59	a
P value	0.0490		0.1068		0.0015		0.0180

Cultivar	Pistil Length (mm)				Style Length (mm)
Cultivar	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group
‘Cristalina’	14.35±0.10	b*	14.51±0.23	b*	11.47±0.21	b*	11.65±0.16	b*
‘Early Lory’	17.28±0.55	a	17.09±0.52	a	14.37±0.27	a	13.90±0.55	a
‘Prime Giant’	16.77±0.60	a	16.35±0.58	a	14.01±0.36	a	13.70±0.58	a
P value	0.0004		0.0014		<.0001		0.0009

Cultivar		Ovary Diameter (mm)				Stigma Diameter (mm)
Cultivar	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group
‘Cristalina’	2.10±0.06	ns	2.11±0.09	ns	1.29±0.18	a*	1.23±0.18	ns
‘Early Lory’	2.29±0.12		2.24±0.14		0.91±0.07	b	1.06±0.13
‘Prime Giant’	2.23±0.15		2.33±0.08		1.34±0.12	a	1.24±0.15
P value	0.1873		0.1165		0.0157		0.3322

Cultivar	Treatment	Pollen germination (%)
Cultivar	Treatment	2017	LSD Group	2018	LSD Group
‘Cristalina’	GA₃	32.16±3.95	ns	24.47±1.53	cde*
	H₃BO₃	43.01±5.17		42.74±3.88	a
	IAA	33.68±3.95		32.51±2.75	bc
	KNO₃	27.08±2.92		21.71±2.95	defg
	Control	18.33±10.67		15.42±5.42	fg
‘Early Lory’	GA₃	25.60±3.45		17.40±2.23	efg
	H₃BO₃	38.99±5.51		35.98±3.41	ab
	IAA	22.94±3.01		28.01±3.09	bcd
	KNO₃	23.00±1.61		19.59±1.33	efg
	Control	31.81±2.55		22.45±1.99	def
‘Prime Giant’	GA₃	22.70±3.84		21.35±3.93	defg
	H₃BO₃	36.72±2.57		42.63±0.65	a
	IAA	26.75±2.86		19.11±2.09	efg
	KNO₃	28.55±5.06		23.40±1.97	def
	Control	13.82±2.49		13.58±1.65	g
Cultivar mean
‘Cristalina’		30.85	ns	27.37	ns
‘Early Lory’		28.47		24.68
‘Prime Giant’		25.71		24.01
	Treatment mean
	GA₃	26.82	b*	21.07	c*
	H₃BO₃	39.58	a	40.45	a
	IAA	27.79	b	26.54	b
	KNO₃	26.21	b	21.56	c
	Control	21.32	b	17.15	c
P value
Cultivar		0.215		0.172
Treatment		0.0003		<.0001
Cultivar*Treatment		0.180		0.029

Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 - CIC, 81350-010 Curitiba PR Brazil, Tel.: +55 41 3316-3052/3054, Fax: +55 41 3346-2872 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: babt@tecpar.br

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[1] *Correspondence: hasancumhur.sarisu@tarimorman.gov.tr; Tel.: +90-246-3132420 (H.C.S.).