Mitigating agricultural intensification in the Western Cape with landscape elements: a synopsis of applicable ecological weed management strategies

Ferreira, Michael I.

doi:10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2023;41:00027

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REVIEW ARTICLE • Adv Weed Sci 41 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2023;41:00027 copy

Mitigating agricultural intensification in the Western Cape with landscape elements: a synopsis of applicable ecological weed management strategies

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

The agricultural landscape has deteriorated rapidly because of human population growth and the concomitant increased demand for food. Although necessary to feed the global population, production intensification accounts for reduced resilience of cropping systems due to the increased inputs required for greater yields.

Objective

The purpose of this synopsis is to highlight applicable ecological weed management strategies in order to promote weed suppression in intensively managed agricultural production systems of the Western Cape.

Methods

In order to achieve sustainable weed management it is imperative that ecological landscape elements become part of agronomic production processes. These practices and strategies include the adoption of cover crops, living and biomass mulches, hedgerows, increased field margins as well as weed seedbank diversity as non-chemical measures and landscape elements.

Results

Cover crops, living mulches and biomass mulches exert positive impacts on weed suppression, microclimate, soil quality and crop yield.

Conclusions

The outcome of ecological weed management strategies is a reduction and mitigation of the negative effects of intensive cropping regarding soil, water and the agricultural landscape.

Biomass mulches; Field margins; Hedgerows; Seedbank; Weed diversity

	Suggested practices

	Cover crops, living and biomass mulches	Hedgerows	Field margins	Seedbank diversity
Factors showing an improvement	Weed suppression; soil microbial activity, health, organic carbon, enzyme activity, water infiltration, water content; biological nitrogen fixing; weed seed predation	Biodiversity and ecological equilibrium; abundance and richness of pest predators; safe haven of heterogeneous soil microorganisms, carbon, water infiltration; movement corridor of mobile organisms	Ecosystem services; safe haven for taxa, foraging opportunities, pollen & nectar; pest control; arthropod biodiversity	Biodiversity & regulating benefits; soil enrichment; soil nutrient leaching, physical properties; crop pollination; sustainability of agro-ecosystem
Factors showing a decrease	Soil erosion & nutrient leaching; evolution of herbicide resistance	Soil erosion	Soil erosion, spray drift	Weed-crop competition; invasive weeds; soil mechanical compaction, nitrate leaching
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[1] * Corresponding author: mike.Ferreira@westerncape.gov.za