Geographical distribution and resistance level to chlorimuron of <i>Amaranthus</i> spp. populations in the main soybeans producing regions of Brazil

Netto, Acácio Gonçalves; Resende, Laís S.; Malardo, Marcelo R.; Presoto, Jéssica C.; Andrade, Jeisiane de F.; Nicolai, Marcelo; Ovejero, Ramiro F. L.; Carvalho, Saul J. P. de

doi:10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2022;40:Amaranthus010

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RESEARCH ARTICLE • Adv Weed Sci 40 (spe 2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2022;40:Amaranthus010 copy

Geographical distribution and resistance level to chlorimuron of Amaranthus spp. populations in the main soybeans producing regions of Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Species of Amaranthus genus are common in agricultural areas of Brazil. Such weeds are problematic, and they bring complexity to the management mainly due to herbicide resistance. Thus, the monitoring and mapping of chlorimuron-resistant Amaranthus spp. is necessary to detect resistance in different locations of Brazil.

Objective

Elaborate discriminating dose of distinction between Amaranthus spp. populations that are susceptible and resistant to chlorimuron and monitor the resistance dispersal throughout five crops.

Methods

33 pigweed populations from the main grain producing properties in Brazil by means of dose-response curves were evaluated. For the D dose, chlorimuron dose of 20 g ha^-1 ai was considered. Once the discriminating dose was identified, a monitoring screening of the dispersal of resistance of Amaranthus spp. to chlorimuron was conducted with 226 samples between the 2016 and 2020 crops.

Results

The discriminating dose (“base line”) considered ideal to control susceptible plants was 20 g ha^-1 of chlorimuron. Among 226 pigweed samples evaluated in the five years of monitoring, 74% of populations were considered susceptible (S), while those classified as resistant (R) and segregating (r) did not exceed 26.0%.

Conclusions

By comparing susceptible biotypes of Amaranthus spp. with international scientific literature standards and leaflet averages, it could be safely concluded that the discriminating dose of chlorimuron is 20 g ha^-1. Resistance of Amaranthus spp. to chlorimuron in Brazil is present in the main soybean producing regions evaluated, with a frequency of 26% of the total samples evaluated.

Acetolactate synthase inhibitor; Resistance monitoring; Dose-response assay

State	Geographic coordinates
State	Latitude	Longitude
BA	-5.1867	-45.6906
BA	-12.0969	-45.8417
BA	-11.6381	-45.4636
BA	-11.6728	-45.4317
MA	-9.4900	-45.5622
MA	-7.5331	-46.0350
MG	-16.3517	-46.9119
MS	-22.2208	-54.8058
MT	-13.6906	-57.8919
MT	-13.6906	-57.8917
MT	-13.6914	-57.8914
MT	-15.5625	-54.2947
MT	-13.0331	-55.9439
MT	-15.4447	-54.6669
MT	-13.9269	-55.6669
MT	-15.3225	-54.8519
MT	-15.3208	-54.8564
MT	-16.8431	-53.9650
MT	-17.3464	-54.4589
MT	-12.0450	-55.9725
MT	-12.0458	-55.9725
PR	-24.7214	-53.7872
PR	-24.5967	-53.7872
PR	-24.5208	-50.3500
PR	-24.5331	-50.8111
PR	-25.9978	-52.8111
PR	-24.1006	-52.3597
PR	-22.1589	-43.5811
RS	-29.3761	-52.0442
RS	-27.9914	-51.4597
RS	-28.1508	-52.4164
RS	-29.0289	-51.1817
RS	-28.2611	-52.4083

Criterion	Classification	Color
All repetitions with control > 80%	S- Susceptible	White
One or two repetitions with control < 80%	r- Segregant	Yellow
Three or more repetitions with control < 80%	R- Resistant	Red

Biotype	Parameters for control			R²	C₅₀
Biotype	a	b	c	R²	C₅₀
1	105.54	2.38	-0.31	1.00	1.71
2	101.80	2.36	-2.61	0.99	2.33
3	101.58	2.38	-2.38	0.99	2.35
4	98.63	2.36	-2.15	0.99	2.39
5	101.56	2.42	-2.64	0.99	2.39
6	100.77	2.51	-1.92	1.00	2.49
7	96.73	2.74	-2.33	0.99	2.83
8	98.63	2.81	-1.73	0.98	2.86
9	101.45	3.07	-1.93	1.00	3.03
10	97.99	3.09	-2.44	1.00	3.14
11	96.24	3.04	-1.76	0.99	3.18
12	100.69	3.43	-2.07	1.00	3.41
13	101.07	3.54	-2.05	1.00	3.50
14	107.85	5.63	-1.24	0.96	5.01
15	99.01	5.11	-1.47	1.00	5.18
16	97.97	5.46	-1.00	0.98	5.69
17	96.80	5.98	-2.64	0.98	6.13
18	97.83	6.28	-1.27	0.99	6.51
19	106.18	7.74	-0.94	0.96	6.84
20	103.20	7.55	-1.16	0.99	7.16
21	109.06	9.59	-1.44	0.97	8.55
22	101.27	9.65	-0.79	0.99	9.35
23	103.28	10.96	-0.83	0.98	10.15
24	103.07	11.79	-0.81	0.98	10.95
25	108.35	14.01	-0.67	0.99	11.12
26	108.87	22.15	-0.74	0.98	17.78
27	101.23	18.39	-1.64	0.98	18.12
28	101.19	37.09	-1.22	0.99	36.38
29	134.11	134.84	-0.62	0.99	58.58
30	107.29	80.04	-0.92	1.00	68.99
31	106.32	83.21	-0.98	1.00	73.72
32	100.44	78.19	-2.72	0.99	77.94
33	105.99	113.35	-1.13	1.00	102.57

Biotype	Parameters for residual dry mass				R²	GR₅₀
Biotype	Pmín	a	b	c	R²	GR₅₀
1	-1.59	99.98	2.25	2.23	0.99	2.19
2	-1.45	101.35	2.23	1.87	1.00	2.20
3	-2.50	102.46	2.32	1.30	1.00	2.23
4	-8.96	109.13	3.14	0.76	0.98	2.54
5	-1.36	101.42	2.62	1.54	1.00	2.58
6	-0.88	95.74	2.75	3.65	0.99	2.65
7	1.66	98.60	2.71	1.56	1.00	2.78
8	-0.81	100.74	2.82	2.25	1.00	2.80
9	0.47	99.58	2.89	2.08	1.00	2.91
10	-1.13	101.21	2.97	1.37	1.00	2.92
11	-0.31	100.30	2.99	2.55	1.00	2.98
12	-2.04	101.75	3.19	1.77	1.00	3.11
13	-6.78	98.71	4.31	1.47	0.98	3.50
14	-0.59	100.45	3.64	3.62	1.00	3.62
15	4.08	128.25	3.70	2.78	0.99	4.56
16	-1.76	98.92	4.77	3.13	0.99	4.63
17	-2.27	101.70	5.13	1.23	0.96	4.90
18	-2.67	102.53	5.05	1.79	1.00	4.90
19	-8.81	108.23	6.16	1.22	0.95	5.34
20	3.40	96.92	5.80	2.12	0.99	6.02
21	-10.79	110.33	7.43	1.12	0.98	6.19
22	-9.32	109.42	8.61	1.19	0.99	7.47
23	2.73	97.80	7.87	2.63	1.00	8.07
24	-1.26	101.46	11.05	1.53	0.99	10.90
25	-6.90	107.05	15.11	0.67	0.99	12.52
26	-8.72	107.44	15.71	1.39	0.96	13.74
27	-14.99	114.15	23.00	0.86	0.99	16.62
28	-25.16	125.22	123.36	0.34	0.99	37.03
29	-13.12	109.09	58.77	0.85	0.98	40.50
30	-3.67	102.57	47.32	1.24	1.00	43.90
31	-3.03	104.36	55.05	0.71	0.99	52.58
32	3.51	102.79	112.46	-1.09	1.00	94.37
33	-2.89	103.70	105.69	0.85	0.99	100.81

Authors	Species	Application Stage	Results¹
Authors	Species	Application Stage	C₅₀	GR₅₀
Burgos et al., 2001	A. palmeri	3–4 leaves	0.41	-
Burgos et al., 2001	A. hybridus	3–4 leaves	0.30	-
Carvalho et al., 2006Carvalho SJP, Buissa JAR, Nicolai M, Lopez-Ovejero RF, Christoffoleti PJ. [Differential susceptibility of Amaranthus weeds to trifloxysulfuron-sodium and chlorimuron-ethyl herbicides]. Planta Daninha. 2006;24(3):541-48. Portuguese. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582006000300017 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-8358200600...	A. deflexus	5–6 leaves	5.86	-
	A.hybridus		1.69	-
	A. retroflexus		1.48	-
	A. spinosus		4.08	-
	A. hybridus		3.49	-
Gonçalves Netto et al., 2016Gonçalves Netto A, Nicolai M, Carvalho SJP, Borgato EA, Christoffoleti PJ. Multiple resistance of Amaranthus palmeri to ALS and EPSPS inhibiting herbicides in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Planta Daninha. 2016;34(1):581-87. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582016340300019 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-8358201634...	A. spinosus	2–4 leaves	4.97	1.72
Larran et al., 2018Larran AS, Lorenzetti F, Tuesca D, Perotti VE, Permingeat HR. Molecular mechanisms endowing cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus hybridus from Argentina. Plant Mol Biol Report. 2018;36(5):907-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-018-1122-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-018-1122-...	A. palmeri	5–6 leaves	10.82	3.82
Average			3.07	2.76

Company name	Formulation	Registration Holder	¹Dose g p.c. ha^-1	²Dose g ha^-1 ai
Classic®	250	FMC	60 - 80	15 - 20
Climur®	250	Rainbow	60 - 80	15 - 20
Clipper®	250	Sinon	60 - 80	15 - 20
Clomom®	250	UPL	60 - 80	15 - 20
Clorim®	250	UPL	60 - 80	15 - 20
Clorimurom Nortox®	250	Nortox	40 - 80	10 - 20
Clorimurom Master®	250	Nortox	60 - 80	15 - 20
Clorimurom CCAB®	250	CCAB	60 - 80	15 - 20
250 WG Rainbow®	250	Rainbow	60 - 80	15 - 20
Conquest®	250	ADAMA	60 - 80	15 - 20
Fullmuron®	250	AgroImport	60 - 80	15 - 20
Higon®	250	HELM	60 - 80	15 - 20
Kromo 250 WG®	250	Sumitomo	40 - 80	10 - 20
Rajer 250 WG®	250	Loveland	60 - 80	15 - 20
Panzer 250 WDG®	250	CropChem	60 - 80	15 - 20

Variable	Parameters				R²	C₈₀ ou GR₈₀	Standard Error
Variable	Pmín	a	b	c	R²	C₈₀ ou GR₈₀	Standard Error
Control	-	105.21	3.62	-0.70	0.99	18.66	± 2.66
Residual Dry Mass	0.13	100.05	3.51	1.22	0.98	10.98	± 1.12

Herbicide	Classification	2016 to 2020
Chlorimuron 20 g ha^-1 ai	S	170
	r	19
	R	37
	Total	226

State	Chlorimuron (20)
State	Nº	∑(R+r)	%
BA	16	7	63%
GO	26	5	19%
MA	5	1	20%
MG	14	4	29%
MS	19	1	5%
MT	44	14	32%
PA	1	0	0%
PI	1	1	100%
PR	44	5	11%
RS	35	14	40%
SC	7	2	29%
SP	11	0	0%
TO	3	2	67%
Total	226	56	26%

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas - SBCPD Rua Santa Catarina, 50, sala 1302 , 86010-470 - Londrina - Paraná / Brasil , +55 (51) 3308-6006 - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: sbcpd@sbcpd.org

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[1] * Corresponding author: sjpcarvalho@yahoo.com.br