Compatibility of Ancestral and Innovative Agricultural Practices in the Kankuamo People of Colombia

Rivera, Adriana Patricia Tofiño; Cortés, Diego Armando Ospina; Leguizamón, Yanine Rozo

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200078r1vu2021L2AO

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 24 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200078r1vu2021L2AO copy

Compatibility of Ancestral and Innovative Agricultural Practices in the Kankuamo People of Colombia

Compatibilidade de práticas agrícolas ancestrais e inovadoras no povo Kankuamo da Colômbia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The agricultural practices of the ancestral Latin American peoples hardly lead to optimal productivity integrated with adequate management of resources. This work evaluates the compatibility between the ancestral practices of the Kankuamo community in the vulnerable ecosystem Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, and innovative practices by the [AGROSAVIA] Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation, in biofortified beans of high nutritional value in the face of malnutrition and scarcity of the community’s own food. Methodologically, surveys were carried out that identify sustainability tracers and microbiological analysis of soils and the association among the variables evaluated. The results identify the incidence of education, health, self-care, gender and food supply in this vulnerability, verify the exclusion of agrochemicals in production, and show the need for a strategy of technological adoption with a differential approach.

Keywords:
Own food; sustainability tracers; ancestral and innovative practices; differential technology transfer

Element	pH	MO	Calcium (Ca)	Magnesium (Mg)	Potassium (K)	Phosphorus (P)	Iron (Fe)	Sulphur (S)	Manganese (Mn)	Zinc (Zn)	Copper (Cu)	Boron (B)
Unit	p H	g /100 g	cmol (+) / kg			mg/kg
Kankuamo reservation. Township of Atánquez, municipality of Valledupar (Department of Cesar)	6.0	1.8	6.41	1.47	0.15	95.28	36.11	4.05	< 1.00	< 1.00	1.38	0.33
	5.0	4.3	2.18	0.57	0.42	7.40	83.97	6.94	11.91	< 1.00	2.96	0.15
	5.7	4.6	2.99	0.69	0.28	12.49	57.30	3.71	2.89	< 1.00	1.01	0.15
	5.1	6.8	3.96	0.68	0.24	6.24	383.61	4.19	9.08	1.46	1.89	0.18
	5.5	5.7	6.09	0.48	0.28	8.61	49.63	7.90	9.40	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.40
	6.5	5.8	11.48	1.69	0.50	19.76	42.59	3.71	7.33	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.35
	5.2	3.3	1.39	0.59	0.30	4.59	62.55	5.00	51.43	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.25
	5.8	3.1	7.51	1.88	0.65	6.01	56.28	6.45	7.18	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.35
	5.3	5.7	1.44	0.85	0.36	5.39	252.86	6.13	8.11	< 1.00	1.69	0.30
	5.3	4.0	4.57	0.84	0.35	7.24	53.26	8.06	19.13	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.20
	5.0	7.0	9.80	1.77	0.30	14.20	237.05	9.19	96.67	3.83	< 1.00	0.38
	5.2	6.4	4.80	1.72	0.48	10.42	234.15	5.97	10.04	3.16	2.04	0.38
	5.9	7.2	10.54	1.61	1.08	8.99	58.01	5.48	2.43	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.42
	4.6	5.1	2.57	0.84	0.28	12.94	225.10	10.32	51.38	1.80	1.78	0.33
	5.8	3.3	5.82	1.05	0.45	8.20	70.86	5.00	2.80	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.23
	5.5	2.7	7.59	2.38	0.43	6.26	50.93	5.97	23.21	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.25
	5.3	4.1	9.07	1.37	0.14	8.13	140.73	7.10	27.60	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.40
	6.1	6.5	15.61	2.24	0.43	7.10	54.32	7.58	28.13	< 1.00	< 1.00	0.40
	5.4	4.7	2.19	0.63	0.51	6.15	73.94	7.58	19.48	2.46	< 1.00	0.35
Township of María Angola Municipality of Pueblo Bello (Department of Cesar)	4.7	2.3	0.79	0.24	0.14	3.6	497	3.5	11	5	3.6	0.24
	6.0	2.8	6.6	1.67	0.33	48.6	31.3	2.09	6.0	1.2	3.0	0.37

Location	% MO	pH	Bacteria CFU/g*	Fungi CFU/g*	Actin CFU/g*	Genera
Codazzi	2.27	6.07	1.6 x10⁷	1.8 x 10⁴	3.0 x 10⁵	4
Valledupar (Atánquez)	1.8	6.43	4.4 x10⁷	1.4 x 10⁵	2.7 x 10⁵	4
Manaure	3.64	6.08	3.5 x10⁵	1.3 x 10⁴	1.5 x 10⁴	6
Pueblo Bello	2.3	5.30	1.1 x10⁶	1.5 x 10⁴	2.5 x 10⁵	4
Tamalameque	1.07	5.58	1.1 x10⁶	1.3 x 10⁴	2.2 x 10⁴	3
La Jagua	0.81	5.45	1.9 x10⁶	1.1 x 10⁴	1.7 x 10⁴	2

Correlation between studies completed and their responses to the variables
Rho	Significance	Variable
0.609^**	0.006	Var 13. Management of animal manure
0.477^*	0.039	Var 19. Contour planting
0.519^*	0.023	Var 29. Crop distribution
0.465^*	0.045	Var 30. Windbreak barriers
0.475^*	0.040	Var 33. Biofertilizers
0.698^**	0.001	Var 34. Green manures
0.751^**	0.000	Var 44. Adapted and/or resistant species
0.560^*	0.013	Var 45. Fertilization natural
0.494^*	0.032	Var 51. Tool disinfection
0.664^**	0.002	Var 66. Plant species adapted and/or resistant
0.606^**	0.006	Var 93. Ancestral techniques and knowledge on conservation
0.456^*	0.050	Var 94. Exchange of ancestral techniques and knowledge
0.704^**	0.001	Var 102. Determination of production costs
0.765^**	0.000	Var 103. Determination of cash flow
0.606^**	0.006	Var 105. Work planning
0.692^**	0.001	Var 106. Determination of productivity
Correlation between annual income of the production unit and responses to variables
Rho	Significance	Variable
0.638^**	0.003	Var 27. No land burning used
-0.482^*	0.037	Var 29. Crop distribution
0.511^*	0.025	Var 32. Composting
0.465^*	0.045	Var 62. Management of organic wastes
0.505^*	0.028	Var 97. Participation in social, community, or political groups
0.465^*	0.045	Var 102. Determination of production costs
0.457^*	0.049	Var 103. Determination of cash flow
0.679^**	0.001	Var 104. Management of registries
0.499^*	0.029	Var 106. Determination of productivity
0.532^*	0.019	Var 108. The farm generates income

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[1] Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ✉ atofino@AGROSAVIA.co