PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION IN PARAÍBA DO SUL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA

PAVANI, BRUNA FATICHE; RIBEIRO, THIAGO CARLOS LOPES; GONÇALVES, DEMERVAL APARECIDO; SOUSA JÚNIOR, WILSON CABRAL DE; GIAROLLA, ANGÉLICA; ARRAUT, EDUARDO MORAES

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190134r1vu2020L2DE

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Sumário

Special Issue: São Paulo Macrometropolis Environmental Governance Forum • Ambient. soc. 23 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190134r1vu2020L2DE copy

PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION IN PARAÍBA DO SUL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA¹ 1. Acknowledgments: We are grateful to everyone involved in the development of the Cooperation Agreement of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (MMA), through the National Environment Program II, the Biodiversity and Forests Secretariat and Protected Areas Department, which recognized the importance of ecosystem services for water supply, subsidized this study. We thank the staffs and representatives of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), the Basic Sanitation Company of the São Paulo State (SABESP) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Brazil). We are grateful to the Brazil’s Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the incentive through the doctorate scholarship in the country and the realization of the Doctoral Sandwich Program Abroad, and the research group of the process 2015/03804-9 of the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

PAGAMENTOS POR SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS PARA PROTEÇÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA BACIA DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL

PAGOS POR SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EN EL ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL DE PARAÍBA DO SUL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

One of the benefits of forest and reforestation is linked to the erosion control and reduction of the amount of sediments suspended in water. This study proposes a methodology for Payments for Ecosystem Services associated to these benefits in 24 water supply watersheds, under influence of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Environmental Protected Area, in Brazil. In order to estimate the water resources protection through the reforestation, the current scenario was compared to a hypothetical scenario, in which degraded pasture are replaced by forest. The avoided soil erosion could reach around 40t.ha^-1.yr^-1. Reforestation can avoid expenditures in water treatment, sludge disposal and dredging around USD 7.8 million per year. Annual values for PES range from USD 6 to 3,014 per hectare of reforested area. The results highlight the importance of valuing the benefits of the ecosystem services rescued.

Key-words:
Payments for ecosystem services; environmental economic valuation; water supply; soil loss; reforestation

ID	Watershed	Current scenario		Hypothetical scenario		Difference
ID	Watershed	t.year^-1	t.ha^-1.year^-1	t.year^-1	t.ha^-1.year^-1	t.year^-1	t.ha^-1.year^-1
1	Rio da Bocaina	863.305	32	182.762	7	680.543	25
2	Ribeirão das Palmeiras	57.864	17	24.087	7	33.777	10
3	Córrego da Serrinha	625	5	292	2	333	3
4	Ribeirão dos Souzas	23.748	19	13.337	11	10.411	8
5	Represa Paraibuna	434.096	31	383.639	27	50.457	4
6	Rio Paraibuna	7.723.931	18	7.347.581	17	376.350	1
7	Represa Jaguari 0	318.678	19	58.510	4	260.168	15
8	Ribeirão Araraquara	57.344	31	9.646	5	47.698	26
9	Rio do Entupido	68.438	70	21.069	22	47.369	48
10	Reservatório Paraibuna	234.799	58	234.100	58	699	0
11	Córrego da Couve	33.808	75	4.421	10	29.387	65
12	Ribeirão Batedor	65.329	35	31.197	17	34.132	18
13	Córrego Fundo	18.169	11	9.418	6	8.751	5
14	Represa Jaguari 3	8.651	38	1.073	5	7.578	33
15	Represa Jaguari 1/2	4.805	28	519	3	4.286	25
16	Córrego Coura	12.967	33	8.256	21	4.711	12
17	Córrego Prata+Cristo	7.015	37	5.387	29	1.628	8
18	Ribeirão Lemes	19.990	17	19.621	17	369	0
19	Rio Guaratinguetá	205.960	15	93.548	7	112.412	8
20	Ribeirão Gomeral	239.729	67	61.852	17	177.877	50
21	Rio do Braço	89.168	40	43.497	20	45.671	20
22	Rio Bananal	321.776	50	139.695	22	182.081	28
23	Ribeirão Vermelho	76.044	20	48.653	13	27.391	7
24	Rio Una	2.806.457	62	1.988.927	45	817.530	17
	Total	13.693.272	836	3.328	1	13.689.944	835

ID	Watershed	Water Treatment	Sludge disposal	Dredging	Absolut PES (USD.year^-1)	Relative PES (USD.ha^-1.year^-1)
14	Represa Jaguari 3	646,643	25,539	9,521	681,703	3,014
15	Represa Jaguari 1/2	270,436	9,495	2,010	281,942	1,691
11	Córrego da Couve	2,482	453	34,085	37,020	83
9	Rio do Entupido	4,764	859	70,795	76,418	79
20	Ribeirão Gomeral	282	44	204,213	204,538	57
8	Ribeirão Araraquara	71,634	3,867	22,378	97,878	54
17	Córrego Prata+Cristo	603	111	8,838	9,552	51
3	Córrego da Serrinha	4,799	239	530	5,568	47
19	Rio Guaratinguetá	462,406	24,695	122,693	609,794	47
21	Rio do Braço	9,137	1,698	84,809	95,644	43
16	Rio Una	537,603	32,544	1,223,442	1,793,589	40
24	Córrego Coura	503	87	14,928	15,518	40
22	Rio Bananal	7,429	1,327	225,999	234,755	37
12	Ribeirão Batedor	16,833	3,442	38,445	58,719	32
1	Rio da Bocaina	44,894	4,983	484,272	534,148	20
23	Ribeirão Vermelho	29,665	1,749	40,064	71,478	20
18	Ribeirão Lemes	7,755	1,248	12,931	21,934	19
4	Ribeirão dos Souzas	93	15	20,079	20,186	17
2	Ribeirão das Palmeiras	26,299	1,501	19,806	47,606	15
5	Córrego Fundo	7,673	454	11,077	19,204	12
7	Represa Jaguari 0	45,818	3,163	144,251	193,232	12
13	Represa Paraibuna	1,351	237	159,095	160,683	12
6	Rio Paraibuna	111,327	9,865	2,373,046	2,494,237	6
10	Reservatório Rio Paraibuna	18,070	1,176	100,149	119,396	-
	Total	2,328,498	128,789	5,427,456	7,884,743	14

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[TFN1] Source: author’s elaboration.