La importancia de las poblaciones locales e institucionalidad para las concesiones forestales en Brasil

Palmieri, Roberto Hoffmann; Batistella, Mateus

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 25 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200238r2vu2022L4OA copiar

La importancia de las poblaciones locales e institucionalidad para las concesiones forestales en Brasil

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Las concesiones forestales a la Amazonia brasileña generó expectativas en el aumento de la disponibilidad de madera legal en el mercado y conservación de los bosques públicos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la experiencia de Brasil respecto de las concesiones forestales con la promulgación de la Ley de Gestión de Bosques Públicos (LGFP), Ley 11.284/2006, desde la perspectiva de las instituciones locales. Fue analizada la documentación relativa a la implementación de la LGFP combinada con información obtenida mediante la observación directa y entrevistas. Se observó que el desafío de garantizar los derechos de las poblaciones locales generó inseguridad jurídica para los actores implicados, comprometiendo la continuidad de la gestión de los bosques ya concesionados y nuevos casos. El establecimiento de acuerdos institucionales más favorables será determinante para que el manejo sostenible de la madera contribuya a cambiar el sector y sus estigmas.

Palabras-clave:
Concesiones forestales; Amazonia; manejo forestal; políticas públicas; análisis institucional

Flona (state)	Concessionaire companies	extension (in hectares)	agreement signing date	start of operations
Jamari (Rondônia)	Amata S/A	46.184,17	sep/2008	sep/10
	Madeflona Industrial Madeireira Ltda.	17.176,37	oct/2008	sep/10
	Madeflona Industrial Madeireira Ltda.	32.294,99	aug/2019	abr/20
Saracá-taquera (Pará)	Ebata Produtos Florestais Ltda.	29.769,82	aug/2010	sep/10
	Golf Indústria, Comércio e Exploração de Madeireiras Ltda.	18.933,62	aug/2010	sep/10
	Ebata Produtos Florestais Ltda.	26.898,00	mar/2014	sep/15
	Samise Indústria, Comércio e Exportação Ltda.	59.408,00	mar/2014	jun/15
Jacundá (Rondônia)	Madeflona Industrial Madeireira Ltda.	55.014,27	jun/2013	sep/10
Jacundá (Rondônia)	Madeflona Industrial Madeireira Ltda.	32.757,96	jun/2013	oct/14
Crepori (Pará)	Brasad’oc Timber Comércio de Madeiras Ltda.	134.148,31	jun/2014	Contracts suspended before the start of operations
Crepori (Pará)	Brasad’oc Timber Comércio de Madeiras Ltda.	59.863,91	jun/2014	Contracts suspended before the start of operations
Altamira (Pará)	RRX Mineração e Serviços Ltda	39.072,60	apr/2015	nov/17
	RRX Mineração e Serviços Ltda	112.994,27	apr/2015	oct/16
	Patauá Florestal Ltda - SPE	98.413,59	apr/2015	aug/16
	Patauá Florestal Ltda - SPE	111.435,98	apr/2015	jun/17
Caxiuanã (Pará)	Benevides Madeiras Ltda. - EPP	37.365,15	nov/2016	nov/18
	Benevides Madeiras Ltda. - EPP	87.067,18	nov/2016	aug/19
	Cemal Comércio Ecológico de Madeiras Ltda. - EPP	52.168,08	nov/2016	sep/18
Total		1.050.966,27

	Form and context of action	Governance instruments	Rulemaking
National level	Formal and official CGFlop meetings Publication of notices Public consultations Protocol procedures Informal Lobbying Advertising campaigns	Acts, decrees, resolutions, ordinances, and other normative acts Meeting minutes, Annual Forest Grant Plan, Management Plan, and other plans SFB ombudsman reports, contract monitoring, and other official reports	Residents and users of public forests and companies were represented by federations or other organizations with nationwide representation. Technicians from public agencies prepare rules submitted for public consultation and for appreciation by the CGFlop. All sectors are heard and have access to information. Decisions are the prerogative of the government through SFB (on concessions), IBAMA (on licensing of projects), and ICMBio (on Flona management).
Local level	Formal and official Flona board meetings Assemblies and other formal meetings of associations, cooperatives, unions, and churches Meeting of municipal councils Claims and complaints via the Public Prosecutor’s Office Informal Dialogue within groups aggregated by family relationships or by activity Dialogue between community groups and between communities Formal and informal leadership in contact with external organizations Committees organized by the concessionaires Daily interactions	Company policy PA management plan Forest management plan Environmental licensing for mining and forest management Forest concession agreements FSC certification standards Audit reports of concession agreements, certification audit, SFB ombudsman Free, prior and informed consent protocols Collective action Reciprocity Confidence Commitment to customs and rules established by the closest group	Local stakeholders are consulted by the government through the Flona council, municipal environmental councils, and public consultations. These are open to everyone’s participation in terms of accessing information and expressing one’s opinions (advisory nature). Local stakeholders are mobilized using the established local spaces and in partnership with external institutions acting in defense of the rights of local populations.

ANPPAS - Revista Ambiente e Sociedade Anppas / Revista Ambiente e Sociedade - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistaambienteesociedade@gmail.com

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[1] Roberto Hoffmann Palmieri ✉ rhpalmieri2@gmail.com