Municipal management of construction and demolition waste: influence of disposal fees

Rosado, Laís Peixoto; Penteado, Carmenlucia Santos Giordano

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200032r1vu2020L6AO

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 23 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200032r1vu2020L6AO copy

Municipal management of construction and demolition waste: influence of disposal fees

Gestión municipal de residuos de la construcción civil: influencia de la tasa de cobro para la disposición final en vertederos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Fiscal economic instruments are one of the main mechanisms to improve the management of construction and demolition waste (C&DW), and the establishment of specific disposal fees is one of the most effective practices. This study analyzed the influence of increasing C&DW disposal fees considering a municipal management system. The environmental profile of the current scenario and the proposed scenarios, designed in accordance with the adoption of economic fiscal instruments, were determined through life cycle assessment. The results indicated that the scenario proposed for 2030 (350% increase in disposal fees compared to 2017) has the lowest environmental impact, indicating the potential benefits of using tax instruments.

Keywords:
Construction and demolition waste; management; economic instruments; life cycle assessment

Main measures	Main specific measures
1 - Tax incentives and reductions	• Reduction in taxes paid by producers of recycled aggregates; • Reduction in taxes on equipment used in waste management.
2 - Focus on the Project stage	• Deconstruction plan as part of the project; • Increased attention to the project stage instead of the construction in practice.
3 - Extension of the sustainable design assessment system	• Allocation of points for the use of a pre-assembled/modular system in large projects; • Attribution of more points for the use of tools that minimize waste, such as BREEAM (Environmental Assessment Method of the Building Research Establishment).
4 - Increased severity of existing legal instruments	• Integration of the management of C&DW in the evaluation of construction companies; • Requirement of the assignment of C&DW management at the construction site to an employee with no other functions; • Requirement of the use of a fraction of recycled materials in all projects.
5 - Increased severity of fiscal instruments	• Increase in the disposal fee and use of surplus rates as incentives; • Increase in the disposal fee for mixed waste and reduction in the disposal fee for sorted waste; • Increase in the tax on natural aggregates and introduction of a tax on the disposal of reusable materials in landfills.
6 - Promotion of waste prevention	• Improvement in the information on the quality, availability and benefits of recycled materials; • Development of a market structure and facilitation of access to recycled materials.

Fees	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Up to 1 m³ C&DW (R$/m³)	5.60	5.88	Exempt from paying the disposal fee
Over 1 m³ C&DW (R$/m³)	8.00	8.39	9.69	10.32	12.00	14.00	15.00
Contaminated C&DW (R$/m³)	-	-	-	-	89.87	97.81	110.00
Fine for irregular disposal	200 UFESP
UFESP (R$)	17.45	18.44	19.37	20.14	21.25	23.55	25.07

Information	Current scenario				Proposed scenario
Information	2017	2020	2025	2030	2020	2025	2030
C&DW disposal in the inert landfill (%)	100	100	100	100	90	70	60
C&DW produced by large generators and disposed of in the inert landfill (t)	77,708	82,668	84,586	85,739	74,401	59,210	51,443
C&DW disposal fee (above 1m³) - large generators (R$/t)	15.00	21.00	31.00	41.00	37.50	52.50	67.50
Contaminated C&DW disposal fee (R$/t)	110.00	116.00	126.00	135.00	116.00	126.00	135.00
C&DW produced by small generators and disposed of in the inert landfill (t)	51,805	55,112	56,391	57,159	55,112	56,391	57,159
C&DW disposal fee (up to 1m³) - small generators (R$/t)	Exempt from paying disposal fees
C&DW collected in public areas - irregular disposal (t)	9,748	10,371	10,611	10,756	10,371	10,611	10,756
Fine for irregular disposal (UFESP)	200	300	400	500	300	400	500
Percentage of C&DW recycled (%)	0	0	0	0	10	30	40
C&DW recycled (t)	0	0	0	0	8,267	25,376	34,296
Recycling cost (R$/t)	-	-	-	-	30.00	40.00	50.00

ANPPAS - Revista Ambiente e Sociedade Anppas / Revista Ambiente e Sociedade - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistaambienteesociedade@gmail.com

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[1] Laís Peixoto Rosado ✉ laispr@gmail.com