CONSERVACIÓN DE RECURSOS GENÉTICOS: INVESTIGACIÓN CON PLANTAS MEDICINALES EN LA COSTA DE PARANÁ

SILVA, LUIZ EVERSON DA; AMARAL, WANDERLEI DO; SILVA, MARCOS MACHADO DA; OLIVEIRA, ADRIANA LUCINDA DE

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 23 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20180299r1vu2020L1AO copiar

CONSERVACIÓN DE RECURSOS GENÉTICOS: INVESTIGACIÓN CON PLANTAS MEDICINALES EN LA COSTA DE PARANÁ

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

El artículo describe el uso sostenible de especies nativas del Litoral del Paraná. El trabajo fue conducido con comunidades tradicionales de la región con el objetivo de contemplar el recurso genético disponible en el bosque, la diversidad cultural local y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. El enfoque de los entrevistados siguió un itinerario orientador, con informaciones sobre la identificación, datos referentes a las plantas medicinales y Plantas Alimentares no Convencionales y demás usos de la biodiversidad. Se han citado 67 plantas. Se identificó que en la comunidad el 64% de los residentes entrevistados eran jubilados y viven de la pesca y la labranza. Se observó que las mujeres poseen amplio conocimiento sobre plantas medicinales, ya los hombres conocen mucho más sobre especies arbóreas destinadas a la construcción. Se constató la importancia del saber tradicional acerca de las especies para el descubrimiento de compuestos bioactivos y generación de ingresos.

Palabras clave:
Desarrollo territorial sostenible; conservación de recursos genéticos; plantas medicinales

Popular name	Family	Scientific name	Frequency	Participant number	Uses cited by the interviewed participants
AVOCADO	Lauraceae	Persea americana Mill.	1	2	Fruit used as food. The dried seed, when grated, is used to make a tea with boiling water, which can be chilled and taken once a day.
PINEAPPLE	Bromeliaceae	Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill	1	1	Consumed as juice; the skin is boiled, also used through infusion without sugar; digestive action. Drink while warm.
SPANISH CHERRY	Sapotaceae	Mimusops elengi Linn.	1	16	The fruit itself and the milk released by the fruit, when not very ripe, can be used for skin healing, both for bruising and for mosquito bites.
BASIL	Lamiaceae	Ocimum basilicum Linn.	7	6; 13; 14; 17; 19; 21; 24	It can be used as a seasoning for fish, and as a natural repellent. The infusion of the leaves serves for fever, pain in the liver and sore throat.
APOAIA	N. I.	N. I.	6	1; 4; 5; 6; 8; 11	Fever.
ARAÇA-TINGA	Myrtaceae	Myrcianthes gigantea Legr.	3	5; 6; 10	Used with an alcoholic drink (cachaça)
ARITICUM DO MATO	Annonaceae	Rolinia sylvatica Mart.	1	3	FruitEdible.
RUE	Rutaceae	Ruta graveolens Linn.	3	2; 4; 8	Infusion of leaves to combat lice; repellent; can wash infectious wounds. Abortive.
WORMWOOD	Asteraceae	Artemisia vulgaris Linn.	1	1	Ornamental plant used around houses. Infusion of the leaves can be used to repel moths, and serves as seasoning for birds.
ALOE	Asphodelaceae	Aloe arborensis Mill.	10	1; 2; 12; 15; 16; 17; 19; 21; 23; 24	Its nectar or gelatinous pulp serves for wounds and burns. Healing effect, its nectar can still be used as dandruff shampoo and hair straightener.
BACUPARI	Clusiaceae	Gracinia gardneriana (Planch. &Triana)	4	3; 5; 8; 22	Used with an alcoholic drink (cachaça)
INDIAN COLEUS	Lamiaceae	Plectranthus barbatus Andr.	11	1; 4; 6; 8; 13;14; 17; 19; 21; 23;24	Teas are made with infusion of leaves for digestive problems. Note: Taking too much can be toxic.
BUCUVA	N. I.	N. I.	3	11; 18; 20	Seeds can be used to make fire by hitting them against one another.
CAMBUCÁ	Myrtaceae	Pliniaedulis (Vell.) Sobral	2	11; 20	Food; also used with an alcoholic drink (cachaça)
LEMON GRASS	Cyperaceae		2	12; 24	Root infusion can be used for infections of the uterus, myoma and urinary tract infections.
YAM	Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea sp.	10	1; 2; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 11; 13; 14	Food; roasted or stewed to make bread; when cut into slices, it can be used to bring down the fever from wounds.
CARÁ ESPINHO	Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea altissima Lam.	4	1; 4; 6; 8	Food; it is collected from the bush in hills in the early summer.
STRING LILLY	Armarylidaceae	Crinum americanum Linn.	7	1; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 11	When boiled, it serves for stomach cancer (rich in alkaloids); the boil of the seed can be used for skin cancer and for hemorrhoids. Note: extremely bitter drink, difficult to drink.
CHAPÉU DE COURO	Alismataceae	Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli	5	1; 2; 4; 8; 13	Infused leaves are used for rheumatism and joint infection.
CIDREIRA DO MATO	Chloranthaceae	Hedyosmum brasiliensis Miq.	9	1; 2; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 11; 13; 14	Leaves are used for fever, sunstroke and sinus infections (analgesic effect).
SHIMBILLO	Fabaceae	Inga sp.	7	4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 11; 14	Used as fruit.
ERMESTICA	N. I.	N. I.	3	11; 18; 20	The tree nectar is used to make fire and used as a candle; also used with an alcoholic drink (cachaça).
ERVA DE LAGARTO	Salicaceae	Casearia sylvestris Sw.	3	1; 2; 4	The infusion of the whole plant is used as a drink to help in rheumatism and for bathing.
WORMSEED	Amaranthaceae	Dysphania ambrosioides Linn.	1	1	Infusion of leaves is used for infections (for example, for women to take private baths in case of external infections).
ESTOPA	N. I.	N. I.	3	5; 11; 20	Used as wood to build and make handicrafts; it is a soft wood, easy to shape.
FIGATIL	Asteraceae	Vernonia condensata Baker.	1	1	Infusion of the leaves is used for digestion.
FIGUEIRA GOIABA	Moraceae	Fícus gomelleira Kunth.	4	5; 11; 18; 20	Wood that can be used in construction, and as firewood.
GARUVA	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum glaziovii (Mez.) Kosterm	4	5; 11; 18; 20	Hardwood formerly used to make canoes.
GELOUZINHO	Polygalaceae	Caamembeca lauréola (A. St.-Hil. &Moq.)	1	1, 4, 5, 6	The roots are used on bruises. It should be macerated; alternatively, a syrup with honey can be made and reduced in the fire.
GINGER	Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Rosc.	8	1; 2; 12; 15; 16; 19; 23; 24	Used as seasoning; tea can be made from its root as an aid in sore throats. It has strong antibacterial effects; can be used to make juice.
GUACO	Asteraceae	Mikania glomerata Spreng.	10	1; 2; 12; 15; 16; 17; 19; 21; 23; 24	Infusion of the leaves is used for the flu and coughs.
GUANANDI	Calophyllaceae	Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.	4	5; 11; 18; 20	Hardwood, used for construction.
BRAZILIAN FERN TREE	Fabaceae	Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake.	4	5; 11; 18; 20	It was used to make canoes.
GUAVA	Myrthaceae	Psidium guajava Linn.	4	5; 11; 18; 20	Construction; wood is easy to mold and is long lasting.
GUINEA HENWEED	Phytolaccaceae	Petiveria tetrandra Gom.	6	1; 4; 5; 6; 11; 12	It works as an insect repellent.
MINT	Lamiaceae	Mentha spicata Linn.	6	1; 7; 9; 12; 19; 23	Its leaves are soothing; it helps one sleep, and can be digestive; it can also be used as vermifuge.
IMBICURU	N. I.	N. I.	4	5; 11; 18; 20	Construction.
BRAZILIAN GRAPETREE	Myrtaceae	Plinia cauliflora Mart.	4	2; 4; 8; 14	One can make jam and tea from the fruit peel to combat diarrhea; also used with an alcoholic drink (cachaça).
JABUTITANA	Iridaceae	Eleutherine sp.	1	19	The bulb is boiled for treatment of diarrhea, and the leaves are infused with mint for treatment of fever. Yellow flower.
MAÇARAN- DUVA	Sapotaceae	Manilkara huberi Ducke	6	1; 4; 5; 6; 8; 11	Used with an alcoholic drink (cachaça).
MENTRUZ DO MATO	Brassicaceae	Coronopus didymus Linn.	1	3	It can be used (raw) in salads and in the treatment of stomach pains. Infusion in alcohol to rub on twisted areas and on the joints.
MILOME	Aristolo- chiaceae	Aristolochia triangularis Cham.	3	11; 15; 18	It is bottled, mixed with other herbs and mixed with cachaça. Used in the treatment of inflammations and rheumatic pains.
PALHADE COBRIR (COVERING STRAW)	Arecaceae	Geonoma schottiana Mart.	4	4; 6; 8; 10	Type of straw; it is braided to make mats used in covering houses (roofs); also used to make handicrafts and ornaments.
PAU DE ÓLEO	Fabaceae	Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne.	6	1; 4; 5; 6; 8; 11	It was formerly used as fuel for lamps; it can also be rubbed on twisted areas.
PAU VIGARIO	Fabaceae	N. I.	4	5; 11; 18; 20	Used as hardwood for construction; it can also be used to make canoes.
PENICILLIN	Amaranthaceae	Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze.	7	1; 2; 6; 8; 10; 13; 23	One can make tea by infusing the leaves (for treating infections), or macerate the leaves and use them as plaster for bruised areas.
BLACK-JACK	Asteraceae	Bidens hairy Linn.	6	1; 4; 6; 10; 13; 22	Infusion of the seed or flower can be used to bathe the child when s/he has hookworm infection.
POAIA	Rubiaceae	N. I.	1	1	Used for treatment of fever.
YARROW	Asteraceae	Achillea millefolium Linn.	6	1; 4; 6; 7 9; 13	Infusion with leaves is used for chest pains, soothing and high blood pressure.
GALE OF THE WIND	Euphorbiaceae	Phyllanthus niruri Linn.	5	1; 2; 4; 8; 13	Infusion with leaves and roots is used as a drink, for the treatment of kidney stones.
SABUGUEIRO	Adoxaceae	Sambucus australis.	6	1; 4; 6; 19; 23; 24	Infusion of its leaves is used for skin problems and irritation (erysipelas).
BUSHY MATGRASS	Verbenaceae	Lippia alba Mill.	6	6; 7; 8; 9; 19; 24	Repellent for insects.
CUMBUNGI	Typhaceae	Typha domingensis Pers.	2	1; 25	Used to make crafts, and to weave mats and baskets.
ARROWLEAF ELEPHANT EAR	Araceae	Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott.	11	1; 2; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 11; 13; 14; 25	Food; its new leaves can be braised and used in a number of dishes; its stem can be heated up, cut into slices and consumed as a hot salad (similar to asparagus).
TANCHANGEM	Plantaginaceae	Plantago australis Lam.	8	1; 2; 3; 5; 8; 11; 13; 25	Its leaves can be used as raw salad; infusion of seeds and leaves may be used for stomachache, for making gauzes and for cancer treatment.
TUCUM	Arecaceae	Bactris setosa Mart.	7	1; 2; 5; 6; 8; 11; 14	It can be eaten as a fruit; one can eat the part that envelops the seed, which can also be broken and consumed. The toasted seed is used to make a coffee-like drink.
BANANA UMBIGO	Musaceae	Musa spp.	4	1; 2; 4; 8	One can eat the banana itself, or boil the part from which it is removed; one can also remove four leaves and dice the white part to use in salads.
ACHIOTE	Bixaceae	Bixa orellana Linn	6	1; 4; 5; 6; 14; 25	It can be used for culinary purposes; one can macerate its seeds and use it as a spice; indigenous peoples used its dye, not only for ornamental purposes, but also as insect repellent.

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