Milk production process, quality and technological properties of milk for the use of various types of milking machines

Lutsenko, Mariia; Halai, Oksana; Legkoduh, Victor; Lastovska, Iryna; Borshch, Oleksandr; Nadtochii, Valentyna

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.51336

ABSTRACT.

Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using easy-assembled cow houses in modern milk production technologies for the use of high-productive milking plants of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ with 32 machines each. It has been established that new types of premises not only provide comfortable conditions for the maintenance of highly productive cows, but also reduce the labor costs for their maintenance and, most importantly, allow the use of modern high-productive milking installations of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’. It has been established that the technology of preparation of cows for milking and milking technology provides more complete display of the milk ejection reflex at the installation of the ‘Parallel’ type. The average intensity of cows’ milk flows at this plant is 30% higher compared to those of the installation of ‘Carousel’ type, which is confirmed by the intensity of milk flow production at the first minute of milking, which is at the level of 2.97 against 1.85 kg min.^-1 per installation of ‘Carousel’ type. Milk obtained using a milking installation of the ‘Parallel’ type has higher values of the mass fraction of fat and protein that is associated with the genetic potential of animals. According to physical, chemical and technological properties, milk obtained from milking installations such as ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ is within the limits of the standards in force. Milk obtained from the use of milking equipment such as ‘Carousel’ has higher electrical conductivity at the level of 4.6 mS cm^-3, which is confirmed by a higher level of mastitis disease of cows. Due to bacterial contamination, reductase test and milk clot characteristic, milk obtained using a milk installation of ‘Parallel’ type also has higher quality indicators than the installation of ‘Carousel’ type. But according to the complex of indicators, milk obtained from various technologies of milking refers to the desired cheese-making class.

Keywords:
dairy farms; milking installations; milk ejection; quality; technological properties of milk

[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: Irinalastovska85@gmail.com

Indicator	Value of the indicators
Indicator	Normative parameters for (VNTP-APK-01.05, 2005)	Traditional cow house	New type of a cow house (with width of 32,5 m)
Speed of air movement, m s^-1	0,3-0,4	0,16...0,27 ± 0,05	0,5 ± 0,09***
Lighting in the feeding area, lux	52,0	31,0 ± 2,70	49,0 ± 3,2**
Air gas pollution: Ammonia, mg m^-3
Air gas pollution: Ammonia, mg m^-3	20,0	10,5 ± 0,50	1,3 ± 0,25**
Carbon dioxide, %	0,25	0,75 ± 0,05	0,05 ± 0,01**
Bacterial air pollution, thousands m^-3	Up to 70,0	493,6 ± 0,57	26,4 ± 2,5***

Indicator	Value of the indicators
Indicator	Normative parameters for (VNTP-APK-01.05, 2005)	Traditional cow house	New type of a cow house (with width of 32,5 m)
Speed of air movement, m s^-1	0,3-0,4	0,26 ± 0,02	0,6 ± 0,04***
Lighting in the feeding area, lux	52,0	53,4 ± 1,13	63,1 ± 4,60**
Air gas pollution: Ammonia, mg m^-3
Air gas pollution: Ammonia, mg m^-3	20,0	8,2 ± 0,70	0,9 ± 0,25**
Carbon dioxide, %	0,25	0,85 ± 0,07	0,08 ± 0,01**
Bacterial air pollution, thousands m^-3	Up to 70,0	523,4 ± 1,21	38,6 ± 0,09***

Indicator	Indicator value
	Type of cow house
	New easy assembled		Traditional
	Duration of the behavior act
	min.	%	min.	%
Method of maintenance	Free-stall housing		Tie-up housing
Lie without activity,	750,0	52,1	667,2	46,34
Some of them chewing cud	174,7	23,3	149,6	22,43
Stand without activity,	262,2	18,20	431,6	29,98
Some of them chewing cud	37,2	14,2	66,2	13,29
Move	123,0	8,6	-	-
Consume food	252,0	17,4	320,2	22,23
Consume water	19,8	1,4	13,8	0,95
Milking	33,0	2,3	7,2	0,5

Indicators	Types of milking installations
Indicators	‘Parallel’	‘Carousel’
Average intensity of the milk flow, kg min.	1,93 ± 0,25**	1,47 ± 0,12
Intensity of the milk flow, kg min.
Per the first minute of milking	2,97 ± 0,10***	1,85 ± 0,02
Per the second minute of milking	2,49 ± 0,15**	2,35 ± 0,20
Per the third minute of milking	2,05 ± 0,05**	1,85 ± 0,03
Average milk yield, kg	12,10 ± 0,17**	11,5 ± 0,15
Total milking time, %	6,30 ± 0,15**	7,08 ± 0,10

Indicator	Type of milking installation
Indicator	‘Parallel’	‘Carousel’
Mass fraction of fat, %	4,15 ± 0,02	4,1 ± 0,01
Mass fraction of protein, %	3,12 ± 0,04	3,07 ± 0,03
Mass fraction of dry matters, %	12,83 ± 0,11	12,35 ± 0,07
SNF, %	8,68 ± 0,05	8,55 ± 0,03

Brasil

Brasil

Milk production process, quality and technological properties of milk for the use of various types of milking machines

ABSTRACT.

Indicator	Type of the milking installations
Indicator	‘Parallel’	‘Carousel’
Density, kg m^-3	1027, 5 ± 0,02	1028,1 ± 0,01
Titrated acidity, °Т	18,5 ± 0,4	18,0 ± 0,3
Active acidity, рН	6,67 ± 0,01	6,68 ± 0,01
Conductivity, mS cm^-1	4,22 ± 0,03	6,41 ± 0,06
Freezing point, °С	-0,56 ± 0,01	-0,57 ± 0,01
Thermal stability according to the alcohol test, group	ІІ (alcohol 75%)	ІІІ (alcohol 72%)

Indicator	Type of the milking installations
Indicator	‘Parallel’	‘Carousel’
Purity, group	І	І
KMFAAM, thousands. KUO cm^-3	205,5 ± 9,67	314,0 ± 10,05
Reductase test, class	The highest (more than 3,5 hours)	І (3,5 hours)
Fermentation test, class	І	ІІ
Rennet fermentation test, class	І	ІІ